Kodi kuyimitsidwa kodalira komanso kodziimira pagalimoto ndi chiyani?

Kodi kuyimitsidwa kodalira komanso kodziimira pagalimoto ndi chiyani?

Kuyimitsidwa ndi dongosolo lomwe limagwirizanitsa thupi la galimoto ndi mawilo. Zapangidwa kuti zichepetse kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka chifukwa cha misewu yosagwirizana ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa makina muzochitika zosiyanasiyana.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu za kuyimitsidwa ndi zotanuka ndi damping zinthu (akasupe, akasupe, absorbers mantha ndi mbali mphira), akalozera (zotengera ndi matabwa kulumikiza thupi ndi mawilo), zinthu zothandizira, stabilizers ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana kulumikiza.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kuyimitsidwa - yodalira ndi yodziimira. Izi zikutanthawuza kudalira kapena kudziyimira pawokha kwa mawilo a ekisi imodzi pamene akuyendetsa panjira yosafanana.

kuyimitsidwa kodalira. Mawilo a axle imodzi amalumikizana mwamphamvu kwa wina ndi mzake ndipo kuyenda kwa imodzi mwa izo kumabweretsa kusintha kwa malo ena. Muzosavuta, zimakhala ndi mlatho ndi akasupe awiri aatali. Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma levers owongolera ndikothekanso.

Kuyimitsidwa pawokha. Mawilo amtundu womwewo samalumikizana wina ndi mnzake, ndipo kusamuka kwa imodzi sikukhudza malo a mnzake.

Mfundo ntchito yodalira kuyimitsidwa

Ngati inu muyang'ana pa amadalira kuyimitsidwa chiwembu, mukhoza kuona kuti kugwirizana zimakhudza ofukula kayendedwe ka mawilo ndi malo awo aang'ono wachibale kwa msewu ndege.

Imodzi mwa mawilo ikakwera m'mwamba, yachiwiri imatsikira pansi, popeza zinthu zotanuka ndi zowongolera zonse zili mkati mwa njanji yagalimoto. Kupondereza kasupe kapena kasupe kumanzere kwa galimoto kumatsitsa thupi, motero, masika abwino amawongoka pang'ono, mtunda pakati pa thupi ndi msewu kumanja ukuwonjezeka. Sizodziwika nthawi zonse, chifukwa chithunzicho chidzasokonezedwa ndi mipukutu ya thupi ndipo zambiri zimatengera kutalika kwa pakati pa misa ya galimoto ndi mtunda wamtunda kuchokera ku kasupe kapena gudumu. Zotsatira zotere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo igubuduze ndikuyamba kugwedezeka, imaganiziridwa powerengera kuyimitsidwa.

Popeza mawilo onse awiri ali mu ndege zofanana, ngati tinyalanyaza ngodya za camber zomwe zimapangidwira, ndiye kuti kupendekeka kwa imodzi mwa izo, mwachitsanzo, kumanzere kumapangitsa kuti yachiwiri ikhale ndi ngodya yofanana. Koma pokhudzana ndi thupi, nthawi yomweyo camber angle idzasintha mofanana, koma ndi chizindikiro chosiyana. Kusintha kwa camber pa gudumu nthawi zonse kumayipitsitsa, ndipo ndi chiwembu ichi, izi zimachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi mawilo onse awiri pa axle. Chifukwa chake kugwira ntchito kosakwanira kwa kuyimitsidwa kodalira pa liwiro lalitali ndi katundu wozungulira pamakona. Ndipo kuipa kwa kuyimitsidwa koteroko sikuli kokha pa izi.

Udindo wa kasupe m'lingaliro lonse la mawuwo ukhoza kukhala mwachindunji mawonekedwe a kasupe opangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana komanso ndi mapepala osiyanasiyana mu seti, kuphatikizapo kuuma kosinthika (ndi akasupe), komanso akasupe kapena akasupe a mpweya ofanana ndi iwo mu dongosolo.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa masika. Akasupe amatha kukhala motalika kapena mozungulira, kupanga ma arcs osiyanasiyana, kuchokera kotala la ellipse mpaka yodzaza. Kuyimitsidwa pa akasupe awiri a semi-elliptical omwe ali pambali pa thupi kwakhala kwanthawi yayitali. Mapangidwe ena adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka zoyambirira zazaka zapitazi.

The katundu wa tsamba kasupe ndi kotero kuti ali normalized kuuma mu ndege ofukula, ndi zina zonse, mapindikidwe ake akhoza kunyalanyazidwa, kotero kamangidwe kalibe osiyana kalozera vane. Mlatho wonse umamangiriridwa ku chimango kapena ku thupi kudzera mu akasupe.

Pendant iyi ikuphatikizapo:

• akasupe okhala ndi chitsulo chimodzi kapena zingapo zosalala, nthawi zina zida zophatikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito;
• zitsulo zomangirira pamodzi mapepala a kasupe a mapangidwe amtundu;
• anti-creak washers, omwe amachepetsa kukangana ndikusintha chitonthozo cha acoustic, ali pakati pa mapepala;
• akasupe oyimitsidwa, omwe ndi akasupe ang'onoang'ono owonjezera omwe amayamba kuchitapo kanthu pamene gawo laulendo woyimitsidwa limasankhidwa ndikusintha kuuma kwake;
• makwerero akumangirira kasupe ku mtengo wa mlatho;
• mabatani okwera kutsogolo ndi otsika okhala ndi tchire kapena midadada opanda phokoso, omwe amalola kubweza kusintha kwa kutalika kwa kasupe panthawi yoponderezedwa, nthawi zina amatchedwa ndolo;
• ma cushion-chippers omwe amateteza mapepala ku mapindikidwe osasinthika omwe amapindika kwambiri kumapeto kwa sitiroko yogwira ntchito.

Ma suspensions onse odalira amakhala ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza padera, mtundu ndi malo omwe sizitengera mtundu wa zinthu zotanuka.

Akasupe amatha kufalitsa mphamvu zokoka ndi kuswa mphamvu kuchokera pamtengo kupita ku thupi ndikupindika pang'ono, kulepheretsa chitsulocho kuti zisapondereze pamakona ake ndikukana mphamvu zam'mbali pamakona. Koma chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa zofunikira za kukhwima m'njira zosiyanasiyana, amachita zonsezi mofanana. Koma izi sizofunikira kulikonse.

Pamagalimoto olemera a ma axle ambiri, kuyimitsidwa kwamtundu wa balance kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, pomwe akasupe amodzi amathandizira ma axles awiri oyandikana, akupumira kumapeto kwawo, ndikukhazikika pa chimango chapakati. Izi ndi mmene galimoto kuyimitsidwa ndi ubwino wake ndi kuipa.

Kuyimitsidwa kodalira masika. Udindo wa zinthu zotanuka umachitidwa ndi akasupe a cylindrical kapena akasupe a mpweya, kotero mtundu uwu umafunikira chowongolera chosiyana. Zitha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri makina a jet rod asanu amagwiritsidwa ntchito, awiri apamwamba, awiri apansi ndi amodzi (Panhard rod).

Palinso njira zina, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku ndodo ziwiri zotalika ndi imodzi yopingasa, kapena m'malo mwa ndodo ya Panhard ndi Watt parallelogram limagwirira, zomwe zimakhazikika bwino mlatho wodutsa. Mulimonsemo, akasupe amagwira ntchito moponderezedwa, ndipo mphindi zonse kuchokera pamlatho zimafalikira kudzera pa jet thrust ndi midadada chete kumapeto.

Mfundo ntchito yodziimira kuyimitsidwa

Kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamawilo akutsogolo a magalimoto onyamula anthu, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumathandizira kwambiri masanjidwe a chipinda cha injini kapena thunthu ndikuchepetsa mwayi wodziyendetsa nokha.

Monga cholumikizira choyimitsidwa chodziyimira pawokha, akasupe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri - mipiringidzo ya torsion ndi zinthu zina. Izi zimakulitsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotanuka za pneumatic. Elastic element, kupatula masika, ilibe kanthu pa ntchito ya chipangizo chowongolera.

Kwa kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha, pali njira zambiri za zida zowongolera, zomwe zimayikidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma levers komanso komwe kuli ndege yozungulira ya levers.  

M'malo opanda pake kuyimitsidwa kwa mgwirizano, gudumu limakhala wokwera ndi awiri aang'ono kukhudzana tapered wodzigudubuza mayendedwe pa trunnion wa knuckle chiwongolero, amene olumikizidwa ku chikombole ndi pivot. Mpira wokhomerera umayikidwa pakati pa chiwongolero ndi knuckle.

Choyikacho chimalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi zingwe zomangika kupita kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mafoloko, omwe, nawonso, amalumikizidwa ndi ma axles omwe amamangika pamipiringidzo ya chimango pogwiritsa ntchito mabala a rabara. The elastic element ya kuyimitsidwa ndi kasupe, kupumula ndi mapeto ake kumtunda kupyolera mu vibration-insulating gasket motsutsana ndi mutu woponderezedwa wa membala wa mtanda, ndi mapeto ake otsika motsutsana ndi chikho chothandizira, chomangidwira kumunsi kwa mikono. Kuyenda koyima kwa mawilo kumachepetsedwa ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa ma buffers a rabara mumtengowo.

Chotsitsa chapawiri cha telescopic hydraulic shock absorber chimayikidwa mkati mwa kasupe ndipo chimalumikizidwa ndi kumtunda kwa chimango chopingasa kudzera m'ma cushions a rabara, komanso kumapeto kwa ma levers apansi.

Posachedwapa, kuyimitsidwa kwa "swinging candle" kwafala kwambiri. McPherson. Zimapangidwa ndi lever imodzi ndi telescopic strut, kumbali imodzi yolumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi chingwe chowongolera, ndipo inayo - yokhazikika pachidendene. Chidendenecho ndi chopondera chomangika pamtengo wopindika wokhazikika pathupi.

Choyikacho chimatha kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa chipika cha rabara ndikuzungulira mozungulira gwero lomwe limadutsa pa thrust bear, hinge yakunja ya lever.

Ubwino wa kuyimitsidwa uku kumaphatikizapo magawo ochepa, kulemera kochepa ndi malo mu chipinda cha injini kapena thunthu. Nthawi zambiri, kuyimitsidwa kwachitsulo kumaphatikizidwa ndi chotsitsa chododometsa, ndipo chinthu chotanuka (kasupe, pneumatic element) chimayikidwa pa chingwe. Kuipa kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa MacPherson kumaphatikizapo kuvala kowonjezereka kwa zinthu zowongolera strut ndi maulendo akuluakulu oyimitsidwa, mwayi wochepa wa machitidwe osiyanasiyana a kinematic ndi phokoso lapamwamba (poyerekeza ndi kuyimitsidwa pazifukwa ziwiri.

Chipangizo ndi ntchito za kuyimitsidwa kwa MacPherson zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa oscillating strut kuli ndi mkono wopindika womwe mkono wokhazikika umalumikizidwa kudzera pamapadi a mphira. The yopingasa mbali ya stabilizer Ufumuyo thupi mtanda membala ndi ziyangoyango mphira ndi zitsulo bulaketi. Chifukwa chake, dzanja la diagonal la stabilizer limatumiza mphamvu zotalika kuchokera ku gudumu kupita ku thupi ndipo limapanga gawo la mkono wowongolera kuyimitsidwa. Ma cushions a mphira amakulolani kuti mubwezere zokhotakhota zomwe zimachitika pamene mkono wophatikizika ukugwedezeka, komanso kutsitsa kugwedezeka kwautali komwe kumachokera ku gudumu kupita ku thupi.

Ndodo ya telescopic strut imayikidwa pamunsi pamunsi wa mphira wa chidendene chapamwamba ndipo sichizungulira pamodzi ndi strut ndi kasupe woikidwapo. Pankhaniyi, ndi kuzungulira kulikonse kwa mawilo owongolera, chiwongolerocho chimasinthasinthanso molingana ndi ndodo, kuchotsa kukangana kokhazikika pakati pa ndodo ndi silinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyankhidwa kwa kuyimitsidwa ku zolakwika zazing'ono zamsewu.

Kasupe sichimayikidwa coaxially ndi rack, koma amatsamira ku gudumu kuti achepetse katundu wodutsa pa ndodo, kalozera wake ndi pisitoni, zomwe zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yowongoka pa gudumu.

Mbali ya kuyimitsidwa kwa mawilo owongolera ndikuti imayenera kulola gudumu kuti lisinthe mosasamala kanthu za kupatuka kwa zinthu zotanuka. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa pivot assembly.

Zoyimitsidwa zimatha kukhala pivot komanso zopanda pivot:

1. Ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa pivot, knuckle imakhazikika pa pivot, yomwe imayikidwa ndi kupendekera kwina koyimirira pazitsulo zoyimitsidwa. Kuti muchepetse kugundana kwapagululi, singano, ma radial ndi thrust mpira mayendedwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kumalekezero akunja a kuyimitsidwa manja olumikizidwa ku chikombole ndi cylindrical mfundo, kawirikawiri amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a lubricated chigwa mayendedwe. Choyipa chachikulu cha kuyimitsidwa kwa pivot ndi kuchuluka kwa ma hinges. Mukagwedeza ziwiya za chipangizo chowongolera mu ndege yodutsa, ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa "anti-dive effect" chifukwa cha kupezeka kwapakati pa mpukutu wa kuyimitsidwa kwakutali, popeza nkhwangwa zopindika za levers ziyenera kukhala mosamalitsa. kufanana.
2. Besshkvornevy mabakiteriya oyimitsidwa odziyimira pawokha pomwe mahinji a cylindrical a rack amasinthidwa ndi ozungulira afalikira kwambiri. Mapangidwe a hinge iyi akuphatikizapo pini yokhala ndi mutu wa hemispherical, imayikidwa ndi choyikapo chothandizira cha ceramic-zitsulo, chomwe chimagwira ntchito pamtunda wozungulira wa thupi la hinge. Chala chimakhala pa choyikapo chapadera cha rabara chokhala ndi nayiloni chomwe chimayikidwa mu chotengera chapadera. Nyumba ya hinge imalumikizidwa ndi mkono woyimitsidwa. Pamene gudumu likutembenuzidwa, piniyo imazungulira mozungulira muzitsulo zake. Pamene kuyimitsidwa kumapotoza, pini, pamodzi ndi kuyikapo, imasinthasintha pakati pa gawolo - chifukwa cha izi, pali dzenje lozungulira m'thupi. Hinge iyi ndi yonyamula katundu, chifukwa kudzera mu iyo mphamvu zowongoka zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku gudumu kupita ku zinthu zotanuka, masika, zomwe zimakhala pa mkono woyimitsidwa wapansi. Mikono yoyimitsidwa imamangiriridwa ku thupi mwina pogwiritsa ntchito ma cylindrical plain bearings, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mahinji achitsulo a rabara, omwe amagwira ntchito chifukwa cha kumeta ubweya wa matabwa a mphira. Zomalizazi zimafuna mafuta odzola ndipo zimakhala ndi katundu wodzipatula.

Kuyimitsidwa kwabwino kuti?

Musanayankhe funso ili, muyenera kuganizira ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu yonse ya pendants.

Ubwino anapachikaиwanga suspensions - mkulu mphamvu ndi kudalirika kwa kapangidwe, yunifolomu ngwira ndi msewu ndi kuwonjezeka ngodya bata, komanso kusasintha chilolezo, njanji m'lifupi ndi zizindikiro zina gudumu udindo (zothandiza kwambiri pa msewu).

Zina mwa kuipa kwa kuyimitsidwa kodalira:

• kuyimitsidwa kuuma kungayambitse kusapeza pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto pamsewu woipa;
• kuchepetsa kuyendetsa galimoto;
• zovuta za kusintha;
• mbali zolemetsa zimachulukitsa kwambiri misa yopanda pake, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri kusalala kwa kukwera ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu a makina, komanso kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Kuyimitsidwa pawokha ndi ubwino wake:

• kuwonjezeka kwa kukwera chitonthozo, popeza kugunda kwa imodzi mwa mawilo ndi kusagwirizana sikukhudzanso wina;
• chiopsezo chochepa cha kugubuduza pamene ukugunda dzenje lalikulu;
• kusamalira bwino, makamaka pa liwiro lalikulu;
• kulemera kocheperako kumapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino;
• zosiyanasiyana zosintha kuti mukwaniritse magawo abwino.

Zoyipa zake ndi monga:

• chifukwa cha mapangidwe ovuta, ntchitoyo idzakhala yokwera mtengo;
• kuwonjezeka kwachiwopsezo pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto;
• track m'lifupi ndi magawo ena akhoza kusintha pa ntchito.

Ndiye chabwino nchiyani? Kuyimitsidwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakonzedwa pafupipafupi pamakina. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha galimoto. Kukonza kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha kudzawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa wodalira. Kuphatikiza apo, odziyimira pawokha, mwachidziwikire, ayenera kukonzedwa nthawi zambiri. Magawo enieni amtundu woyenera wamagalimoto akunja angafunikire kuyitanitsa padera.

Poyendetsa makamaka pa asphalt, njira yabwino kwambiri ndikuyimitsidwa koyimitsidwa kutsogolo komanso kudalira kumbuyo. Kwa SUV kapena galimoto ina yomwe ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa msewu, kuyimitsidwa kodalira ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri - pama axles onse kapena kumbuyo. Mlatho sukhala ndi dothi lalikulu. Ndipo nthaka ndi matalala zidzamamatira kwambiri ku mbali za kuyimitsidwa paokha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale mlatho wokhotakhota pamsewu wamapiri, galimotoyo idzapitirizabe kuyenda. Koma kuwonongeka kwa kuyimitsidwa kwadzidzidzi sikudzalola kuti galimotoyo ipitirize kuyenda. Zowona, m'matawuni, kuchita ndi chiwembu chotere sikungakhale kwabwino kwambiri.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, opanga ayamba kukonzekeretsa magalimoto ena ndi zoyimitsa zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito m'njira zingapo. Zamagetsi zawo zimakulolani kuti musinthe mwachangu, popita, kusintha magawo malinga ndi momwe magalimoto alili. Ngati ndalama zilola, ndi bwino kuyang'ana zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi dongosolo loterolo.