Kodi galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mawilo anayi, denga, mazenera kuzungulira. Poyang'ana koyamba, galimoto yamagetsi ikhoza kuwoneka ngati "yachikhalidwe" ya injini yoyaka mkati, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona momwe galimoto yamagetsi imagwirira ntchito.

Tonse tikudziwa momwe galimoto yamafuta imagwirira ntchito. Pamalo opangira mafuta, mumadzaza thanki ndi mafuta. Mafutawa amaperekedwa kudzera mu mapaipi ndi mapaipi kupita ku injini yoyaka mkati, yomwe imasakaniza zonse ndi mpweya ndikupangitsa kuti iphulike. Ngati nthawi ya kuphulika kumeneku ili ndi nthawi yolondola, kayendetsedwe kamene kamamasulira kusuntha kwa mawilo.

Mukayerekeza kufotokozera kosavuta kumeneku ndi galimoto yamagetsi, muwona zambiri zofanana. Mumayitanitsa batire lagalimoto yanu yamagetsi pamalo ochapira. Batire iyi, ndithudi, si "thanki" yopanda kanthu ngati galimoto yanu yamafuta, koma batri ya lithiamu-ion, mwachitsanzo, mu laputopu kapena foni yamakono. Magetsi awa amasinthidwa kukhala kuyenda kozungulira kuti kuyendetsa galimoto kutheke.

Magalimoto amagetsi ndi osiyananso

Magalimoto awiriwa amafanana kwenikweni, ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Timatenga gearbox. Mu galimoto "yachikhalidwe" pali gearbox pakati pa injini kuyaka mkati ndi ma axles pagalimoto. Kupatula apo, injini yamafuta sikuti imakhala ndi mphamvu zonse, koma imapeza mphamvu zambiri. Ngati muyang'ana graph yosonyeza mphamvu ndi Nm ya injini yoyaka mkati mwa chiwerengero china cha kusintha, mudzawona ma curve awiri pa izo. Magalimoto amakono - kupatula ma CVT otumizira - motero khalani ndi magiya osachepera asanu kuti musunge injini yoyaka mkati mwa liwiro loyenera nthawi zonse.

Galimoto yamagetsi imapereka mphamvu zonse kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo imakhala ndi liwiro labwino kwambiri kuposa injini yoyaka mkati. Mwanjira ina, mutha kuyendetsa kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 130 km / h pagalimoto yamagetsi popanda kufunikira kwa magiya angapo. Choncho, galimoto yamagetsi ngati Tesla ili ndi gear imodzi yokha yopita patsogolo. Kusakhalapo kwa magiya angapo kumatanthauza kuti palibe kutaya mphamvu pakusuntha magiya, chifukwa chake ma EV nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati mfumu ya sprint pamagetsi apamsewu. Wina amangofunika kukanikiza chowongolera pamphasa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo muwombera.

Pali zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Porsche Taycan ili ndi magiya awiri akutsogolo. Kupatula apo, Porsche ikuyembekezeka kukhala yamasewera kuposa Peugeot e-208 kapena Fiat 500e. Kwa ogula a galimoto iyi, (pafupifupi) liwiro lapamwamba ndilofunika kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Taycan ili ndi magiya awiri opita patsogolo, kotero mutha kuthawa mwachangu pamagesi oyendera magalimoto mugiya yoyamba ndikusangalala ndi Vmax yapamwamba mugiya yachiwiri. Magalimoto a Formula E amakhalanso ndi magiya angapo akutsogolo.

Torque

Kunena zamasewera agalimoto, tiyeni tipite. makokedwe vectorization perekani. Njira imeneyi timaidziwanso ndi magalimoto amafuta. Lingaliro la torque vectoring ndikuti mutha kugawa torque ya injini pakati pa mawilo awiri pa ekisi imodzi. Tiyerekeze kuti mwagwidwa ndi mvula yamphamvu pamene gudumu layamba kuterera. Palibe nzeru kusamutsa injini mphamvu gudumu. Kusiyanitsa kwa torque kutha kutumiza torque yocheperako ku gudumulo kuti muthe kuwongoleranso gudumulo.

Magalimoto amagetsi amasewera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi injini yamagetsi imodzi pa ekisi iliyonse. Audi e-tron S ili ndi ma motors awiri kumbuyo, imodzi pa gudumu lililonse. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito torque vekitala. Kupatula apo, kompyuta imatha kusankha mwachangu kusapereka mphamvu ku gudumu limodzi, koma kusamutsa mphamvu ku gudumu lina. Chinachake chomwe simuyenera kuchita ngati dalaivala, koma chomwe mungasangalale nacho.

"One Pedal Driving"

Kusintha kwina kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi mabuleki. Kapena kani, njira ya braking. Injini yamagetsi yamagetsi sichitha kungotembenuza mphamvu kuti ikhale yoyenda, komanso imasinthanso kuyenda kukhala mphamvu. Mu galimoto yamagetsi, izi zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi dynamo ya njinga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti inu, monga dalaivala, mutachotsa phazi lanu pa accelerator pedal, dynamo imayamba nthawi yomweyo ndipo mumayima pang'onopang'ono. Mwanjira imeneyi mumathyoka popanda kutsika ndi kulipiritsa batire. Wangwiro, chabwino?

Izi zimatchedwa regenerative braking, ngakhale Nissan amakonda kuyitcha "kuyendetsa galimoto imodzi." Kuchuluka kwa regenerative braking nthawi zambiri kumatha kusinthidwa. Ndikoyenera kusiya mtengo uwu kwambiri kuti muchepetse ntchito yamagetsi amagetsi momwe mungathere. Osati kokha pamtundu wanu, komanso chifukwa cha mabuleki. Ngati sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, sizitha. Magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zambiri amafotokoza kuti ma brake pads ndi ma discs amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa pomwe amayendetsa galimoto yamafuta. Kusunga ndalama osachita kalikonse, kodi izi sizikumveka ngati nyimbo m'makutu mwanu?

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za ubwino ndi kuipa, werengani nkhani yathu pa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa galimoto yamagetsi.

Pomaliza

Inde, sitinalowe mwatsatanetsatane momwe galimoto yamagetsi imagwirira ntchito mwaukadaulo. Ichi ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri chomwe sichimakonda kwambiri anthu ambiri. Tidalemba apa zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri kwa ife, mafuta. Ndiko kuti njira yosiyana yothamangira, mabuleki ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za zomwe zili mugalimoto yamagetsi? Ndiye YouTube kanema m'munsimu ndi ayenera. Pulofesa wa pa yunivesite ya Delft akufotokoza njira yomwe magetsi amayenera kuyenda kuchokera pa foloko kupita ku gudumu. Mukufuna kudziwa kuti galimoto yamagetsi imasiyana bwanji ndi ya petulo? Kenako pitani patsamba lino la US Department of Energy.

Chithunzi: Model 3 Performance yolemba @Sappy, kudzera pa Autojunk.nl.