Momwe makina otumizira amagwirira ntchito

Kutumiza kodziwikiratu kumapangitsa injini yagalimoto kuti igwire ntchito pa liwiro laling'ono, monga momwe imayendera pamanja. Pamene injini ikufika ku madigiri apamwamba a torque (makokedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yozungulira ya injini), ...

Kutumiza kodziwikiratu kumapangitsa injini yagalimoto kuti igwire ntchito pa liwiro laling'ono, monga momwe imayendera pamanja. Pamene injini ikufika pamagulu apamwamba a torque (makokedwe ndi mphamvu ya injini yozungulira), magiya omwe amatumizidwa amalola injini kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu zonse zomwe zimapangidwira ndikusunga liwiro loyenera.

Kodi kutumiza ndi kofunika bwanji kumayendedwe agalimoto? Popanda kufalitsa, magalimoto ali ndi gear imodzi yokha, zimatengera nthawi zonse kuti zifike pa liwiro lapamwamba, ndipo injini imatha mofulumira chifukwa cha RPMs yapamwamba yomwe imapanga nthawi zonse.

Mfundo yodziyimira payokha

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito njira yotumizira yodziwikiratu imachokera pakugwiritsa ntchito masensa kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa magiya oyenera, zomwe zimatengera kuthamanga kwagalimoto komwe mukufuna. Kutumiza kumalumikizana ndi injini munyumba ya belu, pomwe chosinthira ma torque chimatembenuza torque ya injini kukhala mphamvu yoyendetsera, ndipo nthawi zina imakulitsa mphamvuyo. Chosinthira ma torque chotumizira chimachita izi posamutsa mphamvuyo kupita ku driveshaft kudzera pa pulaneti ya pulaneti ndi ma clutch discs, omwe amalola mawilo oyendetsa galimoto kuti azizungulira kuti apitilize kupita patsogolo, ndi magiya osiyanasiyana ofunikira pa liwiro losiyana. Kutengera mtundu ndi mtundu, awa ndi ma gudumu akumbuyo, kutsogolo ndi magalimoto onse.

Galimotoyo ikanakhala ndi giya imodzi kapena ziwiri, kufika pa liwiro lapamwamba lingakhale vuto chifukwa injiniyo imangozungulira pa RPM inayake malinga ndi giya. Izi zikutanthauza ma revs otsika a magiya otsika motero amatsitsa liwiro. Ngati giya yapamwamba inali yachiwiri, zingatenge galimotoyo kwamuyaya kuti ifulumire kutsika rpm, pang'onopang'ono kubwereranso pamene galimotoyo ikukwera mofulumira. Kupsinjika kwa injini kumakhalanso vuto mukathamanga kwambiri rpm kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pogwiritsa ntchito magiya ena omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi, galimotoyo imathamanga pang'onopang'ono pamene ikupita ku magiya apamwamba. Galimoto ikasintha kukhala magiya apamwamba, rpm imachepa, zomwe zimachepetsa katundu pa injini. Magiya osiyanasiyana amaimiridwa ndi chiŵerengero cha magiya (chomwe ndi chiŵerengero cha magiya onse kukula ndi chiwerengero cha mano). Magiya ang'onoang'ono amazungulira mwachangu kuposa magiya akulu, ndipo giya iliyonse (yoyamba mpaka sikisi nthawi zina) imagwiritsa ntchito magiya osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi manambala a mano kuti azitha kuthamanga bwino.

Chozizira chopatsirana ndi chofunikira ponyamula katundu wolemetsa chifukwa cholemetsa cholemetsa chimawonjezera kupsinjika kwa injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo izithamanga kwambiri komanso kuyaka madzi opatsirana. Chozizira chotumizira chimakhala mkati mwa radiator pomwe chimachotsa kutentha kuchokera kumadzi otumizira. Madzi amadutsa m'machubu ozizirira kuti aziziziritsa mu rediyeta kuti mpweya ukhale wozizira komanso utha kunyamula katundu wambiri.

Kodi torque converter imachita chiyani

Chosinthira ma torque chimachulukitsa ndikutumiza makokedwe opangidwa ndi injini yagalimoto ndikuutumiza kudzera pamagiya omwe amapatsira mawilo oyendetsa kumapeto kwa shaft yoyendetsa. Otembenuza ena a torque amakhalanso ngati njira yotsekera, kulumikiza injini ndi kufalitsa pamene akuthamanga pa liwiro lomwelo. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kuterereka kwa kufalikira komwe kumapangitsa kuti ntchito isawonongeke.

Chosinthira makokedwe amatha kutenga imodzi mwamitundu iwiri. Yoyamba, yolumikizana ndi madzimadzi, imagwiritsa ntchito ma drive awiri-awiri kuti isamutse torque kuchokera kumayendedwe kupita ku shaft yoyendetsa, koma sikuwonjezera torque. Clutch ya hydraulic, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina yolumikizira makina, imasamutsa torque ya injini kumawilo kudzera pa driveshaft. Winayo, chosinthira ma torque, chimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosachepera zitatu, ndipo nthawi zina zochulukirapo, kuti awonjezere kutulutsa kwa torque kuchokera pamafayilo. Chosinthiracho chimagwiritsa ntchito ma vanes angapo ndi ma riyakitala kapena ma stator vanes kuti awonjezere torque, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu zambiri. Ma stator kapena ma static vanes amagwira ntchito yolozera madzimadzi opatsirana asanafike pa mpope, ndikuwongolera bwino kwa chosinthira.

Ntchito zamkati za zida za pulaneti

Kudziwa momwe magawo amagetsi amagwirira ntchito limodzi kumatha kuyika zonse bwino. Ngati muyang'ana mkati mwa kufala kwadzidzidzi, kuwonjezera pa malamba osiyanasiyana, mbale ndi pampu yamagetsi, chigawo chachikulu cha mapulaneti ndi mapulaneti. Zida izi zimakhala ndi zida za dzuwa, zida za pulaneti, chonyamulira zida za mapulaneti ndi zida za mphete. Zida zamapulaneti pafupifupi kukula kwa cantaloupe zimapanga magiya osiyanasiyana omwe amafunikira potumiza kuti akwaniritse kuthamanga kofunikira kuti apite patsogolo ndikuyendetsa, komanso kubwereranso kumbuyo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magiya imagwirira ntchito limodzi, imagwira ntchito ngati zolowetsa kapena zotuluka pamlingo womwe umafunikira nthawi iliyonse. Nthawi zina, magiya amakhala opanda ntchito mu chiŵerengero china choncho amakhala osasunthika, ndi magulu omwe ali mkati mwa kufalitsa amawachotsa panjira mpaka atafunika. Sitima yapamtunda yamtundu wina, giya yophatikiza mapulaneti, imakhala ndi ma seti awiri adzuwa ndi mapulaneti, ngakhale giya la mphete limodzi. Cholinga cha masitima apamtunda wamtunduwu ndikupereka torque pamalo ang'onoang'ono, kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu zonse zagalimoto, monga m'galimoto yonyamula katundu.

Kuphunzira kwa magiya

Pamene injini ikugwira ntchito, kutumizira kumayankha chilichonse chomwe dalaivala ali nacho. Ku Park kapena Neutral, kutumizira sikumagwira chifukwa magalimoto safuna torque pomwe galimoto siyikuyenda. Magalimoto ambiri amakhala ndi magiya osiyanasiyana omwe amathandiza popita patsogolo, kuyambira giya loyamba mpaka lachinayi.

Magalimoto ogwira ntchito amakhala ndi magiya ochulukirapo, mpaka asanu ndi limodzi, kutengera kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wake. M'munsi giya, m'munsi liwiro. Magalimoto ena, makamaka apakati ndi olemera kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa mopitilira muyeso kuti athandizire kuti azithamanga kwambiri komanso amathandizira kuti mafuta azikhala bwino.

Pomaliza, magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito zida zam'mbuyo kuti aziyendetsa mobwerera. M'magiya am'mbuyo, imodzi mwamagiya ang'onoang'ono imagwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu zapaplaneti, m'malo mosinthana ndi kupita patsogolo.

Momwe gearbox imagwiritsidwira ntchito zokopa ndi magulu

Kuphatikiza apo, zotengera zodziwikiratu zimagwiritsa ntchito zowotcha ndi malamba kuti zithandizire kuti zifikire magiya osiyanasiyana ofunikira, kuphatikiza kuyendetsa mopitilira muyeso. Zingwezi zimayamba kugwira ntchito pamene mbali za magiya a pulaneti zimagwirizana, ndipo maguluwo amathandiza kuti magiyawo asasunthe mosayenera. Magulu, oyendetsedwa ndi ma pistoni a hydraulic mkati mwa kutumiza, amakonza mbali za sitima yamagetsi. Ma hydraulic cylinders ndi ma pistoni amayendetsanso ziwombankhanga, kuwakakamiza kuti agwirizane ndi magiya ofunikira pamlingo wopatsidwa ndi liwiro.

Ma clutch discs ali mkati mwa ng'oma ya clutch pakupatsirana ndikusinthana ndi ma disc achitsulo pakati. Ma Clutch discs amtundu wa ma disc amaluma m'mbale zachitsulo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zokutira zapadera. M’malo mowononga mbalezo, ma diskiwo amawapanikiza pang’onopang’ono, akumagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pang’onopang’ono imene imasamutsidwa ku mawilo oyendetsa galimotoyo.

Ma Clutch discs ndi mbale zachitsulo ndi malo wamba pomwe kutsetsereka kumachitika. Pamapeto pake, kutsetsereka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti tchipisi tachitsulo tilowe m'malo ena onse ndikupangitsa kuti kufalitsa kulephera. Makanika amayang'ana kufalikira ngati galimoto ili ndi vuto ndi kutsika kwapamadzi.

Mapampu a Hydraulic, ma valve ndi owongolera

Koma kodi mphamvu "zenizeni" imachokera kuti pamagetsi odziwikiratu? Mphamvu yeniyeni imakhala mu ma hydraulics omwe amamangidwa m'nyumba zotumizira, kuphatikizapo mpope, ma valve osiyanasiyana ndi olamulira. Pampu imakoka madzi opatsirana kuchokera ku sump yomwe ili pansi pa kutumizira ndikuipereka ku hydraulic system kuti igwiritse ntchito zingwe ndi magulu omwe ali mmenemo. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zamkati za mpope zimalumikizidwa ndi casing yakunja ya chosinthira torque. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti zizizungulira pa liwiro lofanana ndi la injini ya galimotoyo. Zida zakunja za mpope zimazungulira motsatira zida zamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pampu itenge madzi kuchokera ku sump kumbali imodzi ndikuidyetsa ku hydraulic system kumbali inayo.

Bwanamkubwa amasintha kufalikira powauza liwiro la galimotoyo. Wowongolera, yemwe ali ndi valve yodzaza masika, amatsegula kwambiri galimotoyo ikuyenda. Izi zimathandiza kuti ma hydraulics opatsirana adutse madzi ambiri pa liwiro lapamwamba. Kutumiza kodziwikiratu kumagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya zida, valavu yamanja kapena vacuum modulator, kuti adziwe momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito, kukulitsa kupanikizika komwe kumafunikira ndikulepheretsa magiya ena kutengera chiŵerengero chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha kutumizira, eni galimoto angayembekezere kukhala moyo wa galimotoyo. Dongosolo lolimba kwambiri, kufalitsa kwadzidzidzi kumagwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chosinthira ma torque, magiya a mapulaneti, ndi ng'oma ya clutch, kuti apereke mphamvu ku mawilo oyendetsa galimotoyo, kuwasunga pa liwiro lomwe mukufuna.

Ngati muli ndi vuto ndi makina opatsirana, khalani ndi makina okuthandizani kusunga madzimadzi, kuyang'ana zowonongeka, ndi kukonza kapena kusintha ngati kuli kofunikira.

Mavuto Odziwika ndi Zizindikiro za Mavuto Opatsirana Mwadzidzidzi

Ena mwamavuto omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kufalikira kolakwika ndi awa:

• Kusayankha kapena kukayika pamene mukusuntha mu gear. Izi nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kutsetsereka mkati mwa gearbox.
• Gearbox imapanga maphokoso osiyanasiyana achilendo, ma clanks ndi ma hums. Funsani makanika kuti ayang'ane galimoto yanu ikamapanga phokoso kuti adziwe vuto.
• Kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kumasonyeza vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndipo makaniko ayenera kukonza vutoli mwamsanga. Madzi otumizira samatentha ngati mafuta a injini. Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi nthawi zonse ndi makaniko kungathandize kuthetsa vuto lomwe lingakhalepo lisanachitike.
• Fungo loyaka, makamaka lochokera kumalo opatsirana, likhoza kusonyeza mlingo wochepa kwambiri wamadzimadzi. Kutumiza madzimadzi kumateteza magiya ndi magawo opatsirana kuti asatenthedwe.
• Kuwala kwa Injini ya Check kungasonyezenso vuto ndi kutumiza kwadzidzidzi. Khalani ndi makina owunikira kuti mupeze vuto lenileni.