Momwe mungayang'anire kutayikira kwapano pagalimoto yokhala ndi multimeter? Kanema
Dalaivala aliyense amadziwa bwino za batire yotulutsidwa. Dzulo lokha lidayimbidwa mothandizidwa ndi chojambulira chodziwikiratu, ndipo kuyambira m'mawa kwambiri batire imakana kutembenuza choyambira. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za vutoli:
- kulibe-malingaliro - anaiwala kuzimitsa mmodzi wa ogula magetsi;
- kugwirizana kolakwika kwa ogula - samazimitsa atachotsa fungulo pamoto ndikuzimitsa injini;
- zida zowonjezera zambiri zimalumikizidwa, kuphatikiza ma alarm system, omwe samaperekedwa ndi mawonekedwe agalimoto ndi mphamvu ya batri;
- kudziyimitsa yokha batire chifukwa chakuvala kwake komanso kuchepa kwa malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito a mbale zotsogolera.
Ngati palibe chomwe chili pamwambapa chomwe chili choyenera kwa inu, ndiye kuti pali chifukwa chimodzi chokha chomwe chatsalira - kutayikira kwapano.
Chifukwa chiyani kutayikira kwakanthawi kumachitika?
Choyamba, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kutayikira kwa ndalama kumagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- zabwinobwino, zachilengedwe;
- chosalongosoka.
Batire nthawi zonse imapereka ndalama ngakhale pakupuma kwa ogula (anti-kuba, kompyuta). Komanso, zotayika zimachitika pazifukwa zakuthupi chabe chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo. Palibe chomwe chingachitidwe pazotayika izi. Ndiye kuti, muyenera kungovomereza kuti alamu imagwira ntchito usiku wonse, ndikutulutsa batire pang'onopang'ono.
Kutayika kosalongosoka kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana kupatula zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa:
- kusakhazikika bwino kwa ma terminals pa ma electrode a batri chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni;
- dera lalifupi pakati pa matembenuzidwe okhotakhota mumagetsi amagetsi a zida zosiyanasiyana zolumikizidwa - zimakupiza, jenereta, zoyambira;
- chida chilichonse chamagetsi sichikuyenda bwino;
- kachiwiri, kugwirizana kolakwika kwa zipangizo molunjika ku batri, osati ku gulu la zida kupyolera muzitsulo zoyatsira.
Kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa batri sikukhudza mphamvu yake komanso luso lake. Chifukwa chake, galimoto yokhala ndi zida zamagetsi zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso njira zolumikizirana ndi ogula imatha kuyima kwa masiku angapo. Pankhaniyi, kudziletsa kudzakhala kochepa. Ngati kutayikirako kuli koopsa, ndiye kuti maola angapo adzakhala okwanira kuti batire lizimitsidwa.
Vutoli likukulirakuliranso chifukwa, monga momwe talembera kale m'nkhani ya vodi.su, kuti m'matawuni jenereta alibe nthawi yopangira magetsi okwanira kuti azilipiritsa batire yoyambira ku 100 peresenti.
Kutaya kwa batri yakuya ndi chifukwa chofala cha madandaulo
Malinga ndi ogulitsa m'magalimoto ogulitsa magalimoto, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zodziwika bwino zobwezera batri pa madandaulo ndi kutuluka kwachangu kwa batri ndi kukhalapo kwa chophimba choyera mu electrolyte, chifukwa chomwe chimataya kuwonekera ndikukhala mitambo. Monga talembera kale, nkhaniyi sichidzatsimikiziridwa, popeza batire siligwira ntchito chifukwa cha vuto la mwiniwake. Chizindikiro ichi - electrolyte yamtambo yokhala ndi zonyansa zoyera - ikuwonetsa kuti batire yakhala ikutulutsidwa mobwerezabwereza. Chifukwa chake, kutayikira kwapano ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kutulutsa kwa batri.
Sulfation, ndiko kuti, kupanga makhiristo oyera a lead sulphate, ndizotsatira zachilengedwe zotuluka. Koma ngati batire ikugwira ntchito bwino ndipo imatulutsidwa mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka, makhiristo samakula mpaka kukula kwakukulu ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yosungunuka. Ngati batire imatulutsidwa nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti makhiristowa amakhazikika pa mbale, kuwatsekera, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu.
Chifukwa chake, kukhalapo kwa mafunde akutayikira pamwamba pazabwinobwino kudzatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti muyenera kusintha batire mosalekeza. Ndipo chinthucho sichotsika mtengo. Choncho, tikukulimbikitsani kuti nthawi yomweyo muyang'ane zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta zakale. Kapena pitani kumalo operekera chithandizo, kumene wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi amakhazikitsa mwamsanga ndikukonza kutayikira.
Leak test
Kugwira ntchito kosavuta kudzakuthandizani kukhazikitsa mfundo ya kukhalapo kwa kutayika kwamakono mwachizoloŵezi, popanda kumangirizidwa ku chipangizo china chamagetsi.
Nazi njira zoyambira:
- timazimitsa injini;
- timatenga tester ndikusamutsira ku DC ammeter mode;
- timachotsa chomaliza cha batire yoyambira;
- timayika kafukufuku wakuda wa tester kumalo ochotsedwa, ndi kafukufuku wofiira ku electrode yolakwika ya batri;
- chiwonetsero chikuwonetsa kutayikira komweko.
Mutha kuchitanso mwanjira ina: chotsani choyimira chabwino ku batri ndikulumikiza chowunikira cha ammeter kwa icho, ndi chothandizira ku batire. Zotsatira zake, dera lotseguka limapangidwa ndipo timapeza mwayi woyezera kutayikira kwapano.
Momwemo, ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino komanso popanda zolephera, mtengo wa kutayika kwachilengedwe, malingana ndi mphamvu ya batri, sayenera kupitirira 0,15-0,75 milliamps. Ngati muli ndi 75, ndiye kuti 0,75 mA, ngati 60 ndi 0,3-0,5 milliamps. Ndiye kuti, pakati pa 0,1 mpaka 1 peresenti ya mphamvu ya batri. Pankhani ya mitengo yapamwamba, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chifukwa chake.
Kupeza chifukwa chake si ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Muyenera kuchita motere, kusiya ma probe ammeter olumikizidwa ndi batire yolumikizira ndi chochotsa chochotsa:
- chotsani chivundikiro cha fuse block;
- tengani fuyusi iliyonse motsatana kuchokera pazitsulo zake;
- timayang'anitsitsa zowerengera za tester - ngati sizisintha pambuyo pochotsa fuse imodzi kapena ina, ndiye kuti mzerewu si chifukwa cha kutayikira kwamakono;
- pamene, mutatha kuchotsa fusesi, zizindikiro pa mawonedwe a multimeter zimatsika kwambiri kumtengo wapatali wa kutayikira kwamakono kwa galimoto iyi (0,03-0,7 mA), ndi chipangizo ichi cholumikizidwa ndi fuse iyi yomwe imayang'anira kuwonongeka kwa magetsi.
Nthawi zambiri, pansi pa chivundikiro cha pulasitiki cha bokosi la fusesi, zimawonetsedwa kuti ndi gawo liti lamagetsi agalimoto kapena fuseyi yomwe imayang'anira: Kutentha kwazenera kumbuyo, dongosolo lowongolera nyengo, wailesi, alamu, choyatsira ndudu, kulumikizana, ndi zina zotero. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi agalimoto iyi, chifukwa zinthu zingapo zimatha kulumikizidwa ku mzere umodzi nthawi imodzi.
Ngati wogula akuyambitsa kutayikira akulumikizidwa kudzera pa relay, relay iyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Chifukwa chotheka - olumikizidwa otsekedwa. Zimitsani kwakanthawi chipangizo chomwe chimayambitsa kutayikira ndikusintha cholumikizira kukhala chatsopano chamtundu womwewo. Mwina mwanjira yosavuta iyi mutha kukonza vutoli.
Zovuta kwambiri ndizochitika pomwe kutayikira kumachitika kudzera pa jenereta kapena poyambira. Komanso, sikungatheke kuzindikira chifukwa chake pochotsa ma fuse ngati magetsi akuyenda kudzera muzitsulo zowonongeka za waya. Muyenera kufufuza mawaya onse, kapena kupita kwa wodziwa zamagetsi yemwe ali ndi zida zofunika.
Tikutsegula...
