Momwe Mungayesere Relay ndi Multimeter (Buku la Gawo ndi Gawo)

Ma relay ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamagetsi pamagalimoto, makina opangira nyumba ndi ntchito zina pomwe kusintha mwachangu kwa mabwalo amphamvu kwambiri kumafunikira. Komabe, monga zida za electromechanical, ma relay amatha kutha ndipo amatha kulephera nthawi iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesa ma relay anu pafupipafupi kuti muwonetsetse kuti akuchita bwino kwambiri.

Imodzi mwa njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera zopatsirana ndi digito multimeter. Ndiroleni ndikuyendetseni masitepe kuti muyambe kuyesa relay ndi multimeter.

Za relay

Relay ndi chipangizo chowongolera magetsi chokhala ndi dongosolo lowongolera (input circuit) ndi dongosolo loyendetsedwa (zotulutsa zotulutsa), zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mabwalo olamulira. Imagwira ntchito ngati woyang'anira dera, dera lachitetezo ndi chosinthira. Relay imakhala ndi kuyankha mwachangu, magwiridwe antchito, moyo wautali wautumiki komanso kukula kochepa. (1)

Ma relay nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera dera lomwe lilipo kwambiri kuchokera kudera lotsika. Iwo ali pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse. Ma relay amagwira ntchito ngati masiwichi, kulola dera lotsika la amperage kuyatsa kapena kuzimitsa dera lalitali la amperage. Kuphatikiza apo, ma relay amathanso kuwongolera machitidwe angapo nthawi imodzi, monga kuyatsa nyali zakutsogolo pomwe ma wipers ayaka, kapena kukulitsa mlongoti pomwe wailesi yayatsidwa.

Zomwe Mukufunikira Poyesa Relay

Kuyesa kutengerapo kwa galimoto yanu ndi njira yosavuta yomwe sifunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse. Kuti muyambe kuyesa relay, mudzafunika zinthu zotsatirazi:

Zida: 

• High impedance test light
• Ohmmeter, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa digito multimeter (DMM).
• Buku la Utumiki Wagalimoto (mwachisawawa koma ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri)

Zida zobwezeretsera:            

• Kusintha koyenera kwa Relay
• jumper waya

Masitepe Mayeso a Relay

Gawo 1: Pezani Relay 

Kutengera ndi zomwe imawongolera, mutha kupeza cholumikizira pansi pa dash kapena mu injini. Yang'anani mutu wamagetsi wa bukhu lanu lautumiki ndi chithunzi cha mawaya ngati simukutsimikiza za kuyika kwake.

Gawo 2: Yang'anani ndikuyeretsa zolumikizira

Mukapeza relay, chotsani. Kenako yeretsani ndikuyang'ana zolumikizira pomwe chingwechi chazimitsidwa. Kuyikanso cholumikizira chachikulu ndi chosinthira choyenera ndi njira yachangu komanso yosavuta yoyesera.

Khwerero 3: Pezani multimeter

Khazikitsani ma multimeter anu kuti muyesere kukana. Kenako yesani kukana mwa kukhudza zolumikizira za koyilo. Koyilo yokhazikika imakhala ndi kukana kwa 40 ohms mpaka 120 ohms. Mapiringidwe oyipa a solenoid akuwonetsa kuti relay ili kutali kapena lotseguka ndipo ndi nthawi yoti musinthe. Kenako sungani multimeter mu kukana kapena kupitiliza. Pambuyo pake, gwirizanitsani zosinthana ndi zitsogozo. Iyenera kuwonetsa yotseguka kapena OL ngati ili yotseguka yamba.

Khwerero 4: Yatsani koyilo yamagetsi 

Ndi batire ya 9-12V pazolumikizana, ikani mphamvu pa koyilo yamaginito iyi. Pamene koyiloyo ikupatsa mphamvu ndikutseka chosinthira, cholumikizira chiyenera kudina momveka. Pa 4-pini relay, polarity sikofunikira, koma pa ma diode relay ndikofunikira.

Khwerero 5: Lumikizani nyali yoyesera 

Lumikizani batire kuti lili ndi positive ku imodzi mwa zosinthira pomwe koyilo ikugwirabe ntchito. Kenako gwirizanitsani nyali yoyesera pakati pa nthaka ndi switch terminal. Nyali yowongolera iyenera kuwononga magetsi ndikuyaka. Kenako chotsani jumper yabwino ku batri. Nyali yowongolera iyenera kuzimitsa pakadutsa masekondi angapo.

Khwerero 6: Kuyang'ana kwa Voltage Relay

Pa switch, yang'anani mphamvu ya relay. Malo oyipa olumikizana nawo angayambitse kutayika kwamagetsi. Chotsani kuwala koyesa ndikusintha multimeter kukhala DC voltage. Kenako gwirizanitsani mawaya ku zolumikizira nyali zoyesa kapena kusinthana nawo. Kuwerenga kuyenera kufanana ndi mphamvu ya batri.

Khwerero 7: Onani kusintha

Onani kukana koyenera mu switch. Chodumphira chabwino chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo koyilo ya solenoid iyenera kupatsidwa mphamvu. Kenako yezerani kukana pa ma switch omwe ali ndi ma multimeter omwe ali ohms. Nthawi zambiri, relay yotseguka iyenera kuyeza pafupi ndi zero kukana ikayatsidwa, pomwe relay yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsekedwa iyenera kuyeza kutseguka kapena OL ikayatsidwa.

Maupangiri a Relay Testing Pro

Pogwira ntchito ndi ma relay, ndikofunika kukumbukira zotsatirazi:

Pewani kusakaniza ndi kufananiza 

Mukakhala ndi relay yoyipa yomwe ikufunika kusinthidwa, sikuli bwino kusakaniza ndi kufananiza ma relay kuchokera kuzinthu zina zamagalimoto kapena zinyalala zachisawawa mugalaja yanu. Izi zitha kuyambitsa kuzungulira kwachidule kapena kuthamanga kwamagetsi komwe kungawononge magetsi agalimoto yanu. (2)

Gwirani mosamala

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamala kuti musagwetse ma relay. Ngati zigawo zamkati za relay zawonongeka, waya amatha kuwotcha kapena kusungunuka. Komanso pewani kusokoneza ntchito ya relay.

Khalani kutali ndi mpweya woyaka 

Osagwiritsa ntchito ma relay kapena chilichonse chomwe chimafuna magetsi m'malo omwe mpweya wophulika kapena woyaka monga mafuta kapena mafuta ena amapezeka.

Werengani mabuku okonza

Yang'anani buku la ntchito yagalimoto yanu (osati buku la eni ake) kuti muzindikire ndikumvetsetsa mawaya ndi makina otumizirana mawaya, ngakhale ndinu katswiri wokonza garaja.

Konzani zida zanu 

Konzani zida zonse zofunika pasadakhale ndikuyika chilichonse pamalo ake. Izi zidzakupulumutsirani nthawi yamtengo wapatali ndikukulolani kuti muyang'ane pa ntchito yamakono popanda kuyang'ana zida panthawiyi.

Mafunso ofunsidwa kawirikawiri 

Kodi ndindalama zingati kuti mulowe m'malo mwa relay?

Relay ikhoza kutengera kulikonse kuchokera pa $ 5 mpaka madola mazana angapo, kutengera zomwe ikuwongolera. Chotsatira ndi ma ohmmeters, omwe amawononga ndalama zosakwana $20 ndipo amabwera m'mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Chachiwiri, nyali zoyesa zoyeserera kwambiri ndizokwera mtengo pang'ono, pafupifupi $20 mpaka $40. Pomaliza, ma jumpers ndi otsika mtengo, kuyambira $2 mpaka $50 malingana ndi kutalika kwa waya.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikanyalanyaza vuto lomwe lingakhalepo?

Kunyalanyaza relay yomwe yalephera kapena kukhazikitsa relay iliyonse yakale yomwe imagwirizana kungayambitse mavuto akulu. Ngati relay ikulephera kapena itayikidwa molakwika, imatha kuwotcha mawaya ndikuyatsa moto.

Ndilibe ohmmeter kapena magetsi oyesera. Kodi ndingayang'anebe mayendedwe?

Ayi. Muli ndi njira ziwiri zokha ngati mukutsimikiza kuti relay yanu ndi vuto, ndipo zonsezi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito ohmmeter, kuwala koyesera, ndi zina zotero. Choyamba, samalani ndikusintha chingwe chachikulu ndi zida zofunika. Chachiwiri, ngati mulibe zida zoyesera, mutha kulemba ganyu wamakaniko kuti akuwonetseni ndikukukonzerani relay.

Mutha kuwonanso maupangiri ena oyesa ma multimeter pansipa;

• Momwe mungayesere capacitor ndi multimeter
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito multimeter kuti muwone mphamvu ya mawaya amoyo
• Momwe mungayesere nthaka ndi multimeter

ayamikira

(1) dongosolo lowongolera - https://www.britannica.com/technology/control-system

(2) zinyalala - https://www.learner.org/series/essential-lens-analyzing-photographs-across-the-curriculum/garbage-the-science-and-problem-of-what-we-throw-away /