Momwe mungamvetsetse kachitidwe ka compression ndi mphamvu zamainjini ang'onoang'ono

Ngakhale kuti injini zasintha kwa zaka zambiri, injini zonse za petulo zimagwira ntchito mofanana. Mikwingwirima inayi yomwe imapezeka mu injini imalola kuti ipange mphamvu ndi torque, ndipo mphamvuyo ndi yomwe imayendetsa galimoto yanu.

Kumvetsetsa mfundo zazikuluzikulu za momwe injini ya sitiroko zinayi imagwirira ntchito kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira zovuta za injini ndikupangitsanso kukhala wogula wodziwa bwino.

Gawo 1 la 5: Kumvetsetsa Injini Ya Mikwingwirima Inayi

Kuchokera ku injini zoyamba za petulo kupita ku injini zamakono zomangidwa lero, mfundo za injini yamagetsi anayi akhalabe ofanana. Zambiri mwa ntchito zakunja za injini zasintha kwazaka zambiri ndikuwonjezera jekeseni wamafuta, kuwongolera makompyuta, ma turbocharger ndi ma supercharger. Zambiri mwa zigawozi zasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa kwa zaka zambiri kuti injini ikhale yogwira ntchito komanso yamphamvu. Zosinthazi zalola opanga kuti azigwirizana ndi zofuna za ogula, pamene akukwaniritsa zotsatira zowononga chilengedwe.

Injini yamafuta imakhala ndi mikwingwirima inayi:

• kumwa sitiroko
• compression stroke
• kusuntha kwamphamvu
• Kumasula sitiroko

Kutengera ndi mtundu wa injini, kugogoda uku kumatha kuchitika kangapo pamphindikati injini ikugwira ntchito.

Gawo 2 la 5: Sitiroko Yakudya

Sitiroko yoyamba yomwe imapezeka mu injini imatchedwa "take stroke". Izi zimachitika pamene pisitoni imayenda pansi mu silinda. Izi zikachitika, valavu yolowetsa imatsegulidwa, kulola kusakaniza kwa mpweya ndi mafuta kuti akokedwe mu silinda. Mpweya umakokedwa mu injini kuchokera ku fyuluta ya mpweya, kupyolera mu thupi la throttle, kutsika kupyolera muzolowera, mpaka kukafika pa silinda.

Kutengera ndi injini, mafuta amawonjezedwa ku kusakaniza kwa mpweya nthawi ina. Mu injini ya carbureted, mafuta amawonjezedwa pamene mpweya umadutsa mu carburetor. Mu injini yojambulidwa ndi mafuta, mafuta amawonjezedwa pamalo a jekeseni, omwe amatha kukhala paliponse pakati pa thupi la throttle ndi silinda.

Pamene pisitoni imakokera pansi pa crankshaft, imapanga kuyamwa komwe kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ndi mafuta azikokedwa. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mafuta omwe amayamwa mu injini zimatengera kapangidwe kake.

• Chenjerani: Ma injini a Turbocharged ndi supercharged amagwira ntchito mofananamo, koma amakonda kupanga mphamvu zambiri monga kusakaniza kwa mpweya ndi mafuta kumakakamizika mu injini.

Gawo 3 la 5: Kupsinjika kwa stroke

Sitiroko yachiwiri ya injini ndi psinjika sitiroko. Pamene mpweya / mafuta osakaniza ali mkati mwa silinda, ayenera kupanikizidwa kuti injini ikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri.

• Chenjerani: Panthawi yoponderezedwa, ma valve mu injini amatsekedwa kuti ateteze kusakaniza kwa mpweya / mafuta kuthawa.

Pamene crankshaft idatsitsa pisitoni pansi pa silinda panthawi yomwe amadya, imayamba kubwerera m'mwamba. Pistoni ikupitirizabe kulowera pamwamba pa silinda yomwe imafika pamalo omwe amadziwika kuti top dead center (TDC), yomwe ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri omwe amatha kufika mu injini. Pamene pamwamba akufa pakatikati, mpweya-mafuta osakaniza ndi wothinikizidwa kwathunthu.

Kusakaniza kosakanizidwa kumeneku kumakhala kudera lomwe limadziwika kuti chipinda choyaka moto. Apa ndipamene mpweya / mafuta osakaniza amayatsidwa kuti apange sitiroko yotsatira mumayendedwe.

Kuphatikizika kwamphamvu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakumanga injini mukayesa kupanga mphamvu zambiri komanso torque. Powerengera kupanikizika kwa injini, gwiritsani ntchito kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa danga mu silinda pamene pisitoni ili pansi ndi kuchuluka kwa malo mu chipinda choyaka moto pamene pisitoni ifika pakati pa akufa. Kuchuluka kwa psinjika kwa osakaniza izi, mphamvu yayikulu yopangidwa ndi injini.

Gawo 4 la 5: Kusuntha Mphamvu

Sitiroko yachitatu ya injini ndi sitiroko ntchito. Ichi ndiye sitiroko yomwe imapanga mphamvu mu injini.

Pisitoni ikafika pakatikati pakufa pa sitiroko yoponderezedwa, kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumakakamizika kulowa mchipinda choyaka. Kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumayatsidwa ndi spark plug. Kuphulika kochokera ku spark plug kumayatsa mafuta, kuchititsa kuphulika koopsa, kolamulirika m'chipinda choyaka. Kuphulika kumeneku kukachitika, mphamvu yomwe imapanga imakanikiza pisitoni ndi kusuntha crankshaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masilindala a injiniyo apitirize kugwira ntchito m'mikwingwirima inayi.

Kumbukirani kuti kuphulika kumeneku kapena kugunda kwamphamvu kumeneku kuyenera kuchitika panthawi inayake. Kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumayenera kuyaka pamalo ena ake malinga ndi kapangidwe ka injini. Mu injini zina, osakaniza ayenera kuyatsa pafupi pamwamba akufa pakati (TDC), pamene ena osakaniza ayenera kuyatsa madigiri angapo pambuyo mfundo imeneyi.

• Chenjerani: Ngati kutenthako sikuchitika panthawi yoyenera, phokoso la injini kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kungachitike, zomwe zimapangitsa injini kulephera.

Gawo 5 la 5: Chotsani sitiroko

Sitiroko yotulutsa ndiyo yachinayi komanso sitiroko yomaliza. Kumapeto kwa sitiroko yogwira ntchito, silinda imadzazidwa ndi mpweya wotuluka pambuyo poyatsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya. Mipweya iyi iyenera kuchotsedwa mu injini isanayambe kuyambiranso kuzungulira.

Pa sitiroko iyi, crankshaft imakankhira pisitoni kubwerera mu silinda ndi valavu yotulutsa mpweya yotseguka. Pamene pisitoni ikukwera mmwamba, imakankhira mpweya kunja kudzera mu valve yotulutsa mpweya, yomwe imalowera muzitsulo zotulutsa mpweya. Izi zidzachotsa mpweya wambiri wotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku injini ndikulola injini kuti iyambenso pakudya.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa momwe zikwapuzi zimagwirira ntchito pa injini ya sitiroko zinayi. Kudziwa njira zoyambira izi kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa momwe injini imapangira mphamvu, komanso momwe ingasinthidwe kuti ikhale yamphamvu kwambiri.

Ndikofunikiranso kudziwa njira izi poyesa kuzindikira vuto la injini yamkati. Kumbukirani kuti chilichonse mwa zikwapuzi chimagwira ntchito inayake yomwe iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mota. Ngati mbali ina ya injini yalephera, injiniyo siiyenda bwino, ngati siitha.