Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Multimeter (Basic Guide kwa Oyamba)

Kodi unyolo wathyoka? Kodi switch yanu ikugwira ntchito? Mwina mukufuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zatsala m'mabatire anu.

Mwanjira iliyonse, multimeter ikuthandizani kuyankha mafunso awa! Ma multimeter a digito akhala zida zofunika kwambiri pakuwunika chitetezo, mtundu, ndi zolakwika za zida zamagetsi.

Ma multimeters ndi othandiza kwambiri pozindikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi. Muupangiri wothandiza uyu, ndikuwonetsani zomwe muyenera kudziwa pakugwiritsa ntchito multimeter yokhala ndi zofunikira zake.

Kodi multimeter ndi chiyani?

Multimeter ndi chida chomwe chimatha kuyeza kuchuluka kwamagetsi osiyanasiyana. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuti mudziwe zomwe zikuchitika ndi mabwalo anu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuthetsa vuto lililonse mdera lanu lomwe silikuyenda bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha kwapadera kwa multimeter kumabwera chifukwa chakutha kuyeza voteji, kukana, pompopompo, komanso kupitiliza. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira:        

• Zoyika pa khoma
• adaputala azamagetsi
• Njira
• Zamagetsi zogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba
• Magetsi mumagalimoto

Multimeter Spare Parts 

Multimeter ya digito imakhala ndi magawo anayi akuluakulu:

polojekiti

Ili ndi gulu lomwe limawonetsa kuyeza kwamagetsi. Ili ndi chiwonetsero cha manambala anayi ndikutha kuwonetsa chizindikiro choyipa.

Chosankha chosankha 

Uku ndi kuyimba kozungulira komwe mutha kusankha mtundu wamagetsi omwe mukufuna kuyeza. Mukhoza kusankha AC volts, DC volts (DC-), amps (A), milliamp (mA), ndi resistance (ohms). Pa mfundo yosankha, chizindikiro cha diode (makona atatu omwe ali ndi mzere kumanja) ndi chizindikiro cha mafunde omveka chimasonyeza kupitiriza.

Zofufuza

Awa ndi mawaya ofiira ndi akuda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zida zamagetsi. Pali nsonga yachitsulo kumbali imodzi ndi pulagi ya nthochi mbali inayo. Nsonga yachitsulo imayang'ana gawo lomwe likuyesedwa, ndipo pulagi ya nthochi imalumikizidwa ndi imodzi mwamadoko a multimeter. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito waya wakuda kuyesa pansi komanso kusalowerera ndale, ndipo waya wofiyira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera malo otentha. (1)

Doko 

Multimeters nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madoko atatu:

• COM (-) - imasonyeza wamba ndi kumene kafukufuku wakuda nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa. Maziko a dera nthawi zambiri amalumikizana nawo.
• mAΩ - malo omwe kafukufuku wofiyira nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi magetsi owongolera, kukana ndi apano (mpaka 200 mA).
• 10A - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mafunde opitilira 200 mA.

Kuyeza kwa magetsi

Mutha kupanga miyeso yamagetsi ya DC kapena AC ndi multimeter ya digito. DC voltage ndi V yokhala ndi mzere wowongoka pa multimeter yanu. Kumbali ina, magetsi a AC ndi V okhala ndi mzere wa wavy. (2)

Mphamvu yamagetsi

Kuyeza mphamvu ya batire, monga batire ya AA:

1. Lumikizani chowongolera chakuda ku COM ndi chowongolera chofiyira ku mAVΩ.
2. Pagulu la DC (mwachindunji), ikani multimeter kukhala "2V". Direct current imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pazida zonse zonyamulika.
3. Lumikizani kuyesa kwakuda ku "-" pa "nthaka" ya batri, ndipo kuyesa kofiira kumatsogolera ku "+" kapena mphamvu.
4. Kanikizani pang'ono ma probe motsutsana ndi ma terminals abwino ndi oyipa a batri ya AA.
5. Muyenera kuwona pafupifupi 1.5V pa chowunikira ngati muli ndi batire yatsopano.

Mphamvu yozungulira 

Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera ma voltage muzochitika zenizeni. Derali lili ndi chopinga cha 1k komanso chowunikira chabuluu chowala kwambiri. Kuyeza voteji mu circuit:

1. Onetsetsani kuti dera lomwe mukugwirako layatsidwa.
2. Mumtundu wa DC, tembenuzirani batani kukhala "20V". Ma multimeter ambiri alibe autorange. Chifukwa chake, choyamba muyenera kuyika multimeter pamlingo woyezera womwe ungagwire. Ngati mukuyesa batire la 12V kapena dongosolo la 5V, sankhani njira ya 20V. 
3. Ndi khama, kanikizani ma probe a multimeter pazigawo ziwiri zotseguka zachitsulo. Kafufuzidwe wina ayenera kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana kwa GND. Kenako sensa ina iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi magetsi a VCC kapena 5V.
4. Muyenera kuyang'ana voteji yonse ya dera ngati mukuyezera kuchokera pomwe voteji imalowa ku resistor komwe kuli pansi pa LED. Pambuyo pake, mutha kudziwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi LED. Izi zimatchedwa kutsika kwa magetsi a LED. 

Komanso, sizingakhale vuto ngati mutasankha voteji yomwe ili yotsika kwambiri kuti muyese voteji yomwe mukuyesera kuyeza. Kauntala imangowonetsa 1, kuwonetsa kuchulukira kapena kutsika. Komanso, kutembenuza ma probe sikungakupwetekeni kapena kukupangitsani kuwerenga kolakwika.

Muyezo wapano

Muyenera kusokoneza pompopompo ndikulumikiza mita ku mzere kuti muyese mphamvu.

Apa ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito dera lomwelo lomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito gawo la kuyeza kwamagetsi.

Chinthu choyamba chomwe mudzafune ndi chingwe chotsalira cha waya. Pambuyo pake muyenera:

1. Lumikizani waya wa VCC kuchokera ku resistor ndikuwonjezera waya.
2. Kufufuza kochokera ku mphamvu yamagetsi kupita ku resistor. "Imaswa" mozungulira mphamvu.
3. Tengani multimeter ndikuyiyika pamzere kuti muyese zomwe zikuyenda kudzera mu multimeter kulowa mu bokosi la mkate.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito tatifupi za alligator kuti mulumikizane ndi ma multimeter ku dongosolo.
5. Khazikitsani kuyimba pamalo oyenera ndikuyesa kulumikizana komweku ndi ma multimeter.
6. Yambani ndi 200mA multimeter ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono. Ma boardboard ambiri amakoka zosakwana mamilimita 200 apano.

Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwalumikiza chowongolera chofiira ku doko losakanikirana la 200mA. Kuti mukhale osamala, sinthani kafukufukuyo kumbali ya 10A ngati mukuyembekeza kuti dera lanu ligwiritse ntchito mozungulira kapena kuposa 200mA. Kuphatikiza pa chizindikiro chodzaza, overcurrent ingayambitse fuse kuwomba.

Kukana muyeso

Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti palibe madzi omwe akuyenda kudutsa dera kapena gawo lomwe mukuyesa. Zimitsani, masulani ku khoma ndikuchotsa mabatire, ngati alipo. Ndiye muyenera:

1. Lumikizani chowongolera chakuda ku doko la multimeter's COM ndi chowongolera chofiira ku doko la mAVΩ.
2. Yatsani multimeter ndikusintha kuti ikhale yotsutsa.
3. Ikani kuyimba pamalo oyenera. Chifukwa ma multimeter ambiri alibe autorange, muyenera kusintha pamanja kuchuluka kwa kukana komwe mungakhale mukuyezera.
4. Ikani kafukufuku kumapeto kwa gawo lililonse kapena dera lomwe mukuyesa.

Monga ndanenera, ngati multimeter sikuwonetsa mtengo weniweni wa chigawocho, idzawerenga 0 kapena 1. Ngati iwerenga 0 kapena pafupi ndi zero, multimeter yanu ndi yotakata kwambiri kuti muyese molondola. Kumbali inayi, multimeter iwonetsa imodzi kapena OL ngati mtunduwo uli wotsika kwambiri, kuwonetsa kuchulukira kapena kuchulukira.

Kupitiliza mayeso

Kuyesa kopitilira kumatsimikizira ngati zinthu ziwiri zilumikizidwa ndi magetsi; ngati zili choncho, mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kuyenda momasuka kuchokera kumalekezero ena kupita kumalo ena.

Komabe, ngati sichipitirira, pali kupuma mu unyolo. Itha kukhala fuse wowombedwa, cholumikizira choyipa cha solder, kapena dera lolumikizidwa bwino. Kuti muyese, muyenera:

1. Lumikizani chowongolera chofiira ku doko la mAVΩ ndi chiwongolero chakuda ku doko la COM.
2. Yatsani ma multimeter ndikusintha kuti ikhale yopitilira (yowonetsedwa ndi chithunzi chomwe chikuwoneka ngati funde laphokoso). Osati ma multimeter onse omwe ali ndi njira yopitilira; ngati simutero, mutha kuyisintha kuti ikhale yotsika kwambiri pamachitidwe ake okana.
3. Ikani kafukufuku mmodzi pa dera lililonse kapena chigawo chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kuyesa.

Ngati dera lanu likupitilira, ma multimeter amalira ndi chinsalu chikuwonetsa mtengo wa ziro (kapena pafupi ndi ziro). Kukaniza kochepa ndi njira ina yodziwira kupitiriza mu kukana.

Kumbali ina, ngati chinsalu chikuwonetsa chimodzi kapena OL, palibe kupitiriza, kotero palibe njira yoyendetsera magetsi kuchokera ku sensa imodzi kupita ku ina.

Onani mndandanda womwe uli pansipa kuti mupeze maupangiri owonjezera a multimeter;

• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito multimeter kuti muwone mphamvu ya mawaya amoyo
• Momwe mungayesere batire ndi multimeter
• Momwe mungayesere sensa ya crankshaft yamawaya atatu ndi multimeter

ayamikira

(1) zitsulo - https://www.britannica.com/science/metal-chemistry

(2) mzere wowongoka - https://www.mathsisfun.com/equation_of_line.html