Momwe mungasankhire mafuta a injini ndi mtundu wagalimoto?

Kusankha kolondola kwamafuta a injini kumatsimikizira kuti injini yagalimoto yanu ikhala nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso yopanda mavuto. Mafuta osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka pamalonda ndi aakulu kwambiri ndipo amatha kusokoneza woyendetsa galimoto wosadziwa zambiri. Inde, ndipo madalaivala odziwa zambiri nthawi zina amalakwitsa poyesa kunyamula china chake chabwino.

Simuyenera kugonja pakutsatsa kosokoneza komwe kumapereka njira yothetsera mavuto onse nthawi imodzi. Muyenera kusankha mafuta oyenera injini yanu, poganizira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.

Kodi mafuta a injini amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mafuta a injini sachita chimodzi, koma ntchito zingapo zofunika:

• kuziziritsa magawo a injini zotentha ndi ziwalo zosuntha;
• kuchepetsa mikangano: mafuta amafuta amachititsa kuti injini zizigwira bwino ntchito komanso amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta;
• kutetezedwa kwa zida zamakina kuti zisavale ndi dzimbiri: zomwe zimatsimikizira moyo wautali wautumiki komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwa injini;
• kusunga injini yaukhondo pochotsa zonyansa kudzera mu fyuluta yamafuta komanso posintha mafuta.

Ndi mafuta amtundu wanji omwe alipo?

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, mafuta agalimoto amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu - yopangidwa ndi semisynthetic, mineral.

Kupanga. Amapezeka ndi organic synthesis. Zopangirazo nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa ndikuyengedwa bwino zamafuta amafuta. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito mitundu yonse ya injini. Ili ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa okosijeni ndipo, monga momwe imagwirira ntchito, imasiya pafupifupi palibe madipoziti pazigawo za unit. Mafuta a synthetic amakhala ndi kukhuthala kokhazikika pa kutentha kwakukulu ndipo amaposa mafuta amchere pakugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zolemetsa. Kutha kulowa bwino kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa injini ndikuyambitsa kuzizira.

Choyipa chachikulu chamafuta opangira ndi kukwera mtengo. Komabe, kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mafuta oterowo sikuchitika kawirikawiri. Ma synthetics amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chisanu chambiri (mpaka -30 ° C), pamayendedwe owopsa a injini, kapena mafuta otsika akukhuthala akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga ma unit. Nthawi zina, zimakhala zotheka kupeza mafuta opaka mafuta pamtengo wotsika mtengo.

Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kusintha kuchokera ku madzi amchere kupita ku zopangira zama injini akale kungayambitse kutayikira kwa zisindikizo. Chifukwa chagona ming'alu ya gaskets ya rabara, yomwe, mafuta amchere akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amakhala otsekedwa ndi madipoziti. Ndipo zopangira pakugwira ntchito zimatsuka dothi mwamphamvu, ndikutsegula njira yakuchucha mafuta ndikutsekanso ngalande zamafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, filimu yamafuta yomwe imapangidwa ndi zopanga ndizowonda kwambiri ndipo sizilipira mipata yowonjezereka. Zotsatira zake, kuvala kwa injini yakale kumatha kufulumizitsa kwambiri. Choncho, ngati muli ndi unit mwachilungamo wotopa ndi mtunda wa makilomita zikwi 150 kapena kuposerapo, ndi bwino kukana synthetics.

Semi-synthetics. Oyenera carburetor ndi jekeseni injini, mafuta ndi dizilo. Amapangidwa ndi kusakaniza maziko a mineral ndi synthetic. Pankhaniyi, gawo la mchere nthawi zambiri limakhala pafupifupi 70%. Zowonjezera zapamwamba zimawonjezedwa pazolembazo.

Ndizokwera mtengo kuposa "madzi amchere", koma zotsika mtengo kuposa zopangira zoyera. Mafuta a semi-synthetic amalimbana ndi okosijeni komanso kupatukana kuposa mafuta amchere. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera kwambiri ndipo imathandizira kuchepetsa kuvala kwa injini. Chabwino amatsuka mbali ku dothi ndi madipoziti, amapereka chitetezo ku dzimbiri.

Zoyipa - sizilekerera chisanu kwambiri komanso zinthu zogwira ntchito kwambiri. Semi-synthetics itha kukhala ngati njira yapakatikati ngati mukufuna kusintha kuchokera kumafuta amchere kupita ku zopangira. Yoyenera ma powertrains atsopano komanso ovala.

Mchere. Oyenera magalimoto okhala ndi injini ya carburetor. Ili ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo chifukwa chaukadaulo wosavuta wopanga. Imakhala ndi mafuta abwino, imapanga filimu yokhazikika yamafuta ndikutsuka mofatsa injini ku madipoziti.

Choyipa chachikulu ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe pamatenthedwe otsika. Mu chisanu, "madzi amchere" samapopa bwino ndipo amachititsa kuti kuzizira kukhale kovuta kwambiri. Mafuta okhuthala osakwanira amalowa m'zigawo za injini, zomwe zimafulumizitsa kuvala kwawo. Mafuta amchere samagwiranso ntchito bwino akalemedwa kwambiri.

Pa ntchito pa kutentha yachibadwa ndi okwera opaleshoni, zina kuwotcha m'malo mofulumira, chifukwa, mafuta amakalamba ndipo amafuna m'malo pafupipafupi.

Pankhani ya chiŵerengero cha mtengo / khalidwe, mafuta amchere amchere nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kwambiri, makamaka m'madera omwe nyengo yozizira imakhala yochepa. Chinthu chachikulu musaiwale kusintha izo mu nthawi.

Kodi mafuta a injini amasiyana bwanji?

Kotero, tasankha pa mitundu ya mafuta, tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za khalidwe lofunika chimodzimodzi - mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Injini ikathamanga, zigawo zake zamkati zimapakana pa liwiro lalikulu, zomwe zimakhudza kutentha ndi kuvala kwawo. Kuti izi zisachitike, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi gawo lapadera loteteza ngati mafuta osakaniza. Imagwiranso ntchito ya sealant mu masilindala. Mafuta wandiweyani amakhala ndi mamasukidwe ochulukirapo, amapangira kukana kwina pakuyenda, ndikuwonjezera katundu pa injini. Ndipo madzi okwanira amangokhetsa, kukulitsa kukangana kwa zigawozo ndikuchotsa chitsulo.

Poganizira mfundo yakuti mafuta aliwonse amakhuthala pakatentha kwambiri ndi kuwonda akatenthedwa, bungwe la American Society of Automotive Engineers linagawa mafuta onse ndi mamasukidwe ake m’chilimwe ndi m’nyengo yozizira. Malinga ndi gulu la SAE, mafuta amtundu wa chilimwe adangosankhidwa ndi nambala (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60). Mtengo wowonetsedwa umayimira mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerocho, mafuta a chilimwe amawonekera kwambiri. Choncho, kutentha kwa mpweya m'chilimwe m'dera linalake kumapangitsa kuti mafutawo agulidwe kwambiri kuti akhalebe owoneka bwino pakutentha.

Ndichizoloŵezi cholozera malonda malinga ndi SAE kuchokera ku 0W mpaka 20W kupita ku gulu la mafuta odzola m'nyengo yozizira. Chilembo W ndi chidule cha mawu achingerezi dzinja - dzinja. Ndipo chiwerengerocho, komanso mafuta a chilimwe, chimasonyeza kukhuthala kwawo, ndikuwuza wogula kutentha komwe mafuta amatha kupirira popanda kuwononga mphamvu yamagetsi (20W - osachepera -10 ° С, 0W yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu - osati kutsika kuposa -30 ° C).

Masiku ano, kugawanika bwino kwa mafuta m'chilimwe ndi nyengo yozizira kwabwerera kumbuyo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, palibe chifukwa chosinthira mafuta kutengera nyengo yofunda kapena yozizira. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha zomwe zimatchedwa mafuta a injini yanyengo yonse. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zapanthawi zonse zachilimwe kapena nyengo yachisanu sizipezeka pamsika waulere. Mafuta a nyengo yonse ali ndi dzina la SAE 0W-30, pokhala mtundu wa symbiosis ya chilimwe ndi mafuta achisanu. M'matchulidwe awa, pali manambala awiri omwe amatsimikizira kukhuthala. Nambala yoyamba imasonyeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa kutentha otsika, ndipo yachiwiri amasonyeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa kutentha kwambiri.

Kodi kusankha mafuta ndi vinyo code?

Pakafunika kusankha mtundu wina wa kusintha kwa mafuta, wopanga galimoto yanu yekha ndiye angakhale mlangizi wabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, choyamba, muyenera kutsegula zolemba zogwirira ntchito ndikuziphunzira mosamala.

Muyenera kudziwa zotsatirazi posankha mafuta ndi VIN code:

• mtundu wagalimoto ndi mtundu wapadera;
• chaka cha kupanga galimoto;
• kalasi yamagalimoto;
• malingaliro opanga;
• kuchuluka kwa injini;
• nthawi ya makina.

Buku lautumiki liyenera kufotokoza kulolerana kwa wopanga ndi zofunikira pazigawo ziwiri zazikulu zamafuta a injini:

• Viscosity molingana ndi muyezo wa SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers);
• API (American Petroleum Institute), ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers' Association) kapena ILSAC (International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee) kalasi yogwira ntchito;

Ngati palibe zolembedwa zautumiki, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi oyimira malo ogulitsa omwe amatumiza magalimoto amtundu wanu.

Ngati simukufuna kapena mulibe mwayi wogula mafuta odziwika bwino, mutha kugula chinthu chachitatu. Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga magalimoto oyenerera, osati kungolemba "kukwaniritsa zofunikira ...". Ndi bwino kugula kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ovomerezeka kapena m'masitolo akuluakulu kuti musagule zinthu zabodza.

Kodi kusankha mafuta ndi magawo?

Kukhuthala kwa SAE - ichi ndiye gawo lalikulu pakusankha mafuta a injini. Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti nthawi zonse zimawonetsedwa pa canister m'malemba akulu. Zatchulidwa kale pamwambapa, tiyeni tingonena lamulo lalikulu losankha mafuta molingana ndi muyezo wa SAE. KUMBUKIRANI -35 ndi kuwonjezera kwa izo chiwerengero pamaso pa chilembo W. Mwachitsanzo, 10W-40: kuti -35 + 10 timapeza -25 - uku ndiko kutentha kozungulira kumene mafuta sanakhale olimba. Mu Januwale, kutentha kumatha kutsika mpaka -28 nthawi zina. Chifukwa chake ngati mutenga mafuta a 10W-40, pali mwayi wabwino woti mutenge sitima yapansi panthaka. Ndipo ngakhale galimoto itayamba, injini ndi batri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Gulu la API. Zitsanzo: API SJ/CF, API SF/CC, API CD/SG, API CE, API CE/CF-4, API SJ/CF-4 EC 1.

Chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kuwerengedwa motere: S - mafuta a petulo, C - injini za dizilo, EC - zopulumutsa mphamvu. Zilembo zomwe zili pansipa zikuwonetsa mulingo wamtundu wa injini yofananira: ya petulo kuchokera ku A mpaka J, ya injini za dizilo kuchokera ku A kupita ku F. KUPIRIRA NTCHITO MU ALPHABETI, NDIBWINO.

Nambala pambuyo pa zilembo - API CE / CF-4 - imatanthawuza injini yomwe mafuta amapangidwira, 4 - kwa sitiroko zinayi, 2 - kwa sitiroko ziwiri.

Palinso mafuta achilengedwe onse omwe ali oyenera pama injini amafuta ndi dizilo. Imasankhidwa motere: API CD / SG. Ndiosavuta kuwerenga - ngati ikuti CD / SG - awa ndi mafuta Ochulukirapo a DIESEL, ngati SG / CD - amatanthauza PETROL WAMBIRI.

Kusankhidwa kwa EC 1 (mwachitsanzo, API SJ / CF-4 EC 1) - kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mafuta, i.e. nambala 1 - osachepera 1,5% ndalama; nambala 2 - osachepera 2,5%; nambala 3 - osachepera 3%.

Gulu la ACEA. Ichi ndi chidule cha zomwe zimafunikira pakugwira ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka injini ku Europe. ACEA imasiyanitsa magulu atatu amafuta:

• "A / B" - kwa injini mafuta ndi dizilo magalimoto;
• "C" kwa petulo ndi injini dizilo magalimoto ndi chothandizira ndi zosefera particulate;
• "E" - kwa mayunitsi dizilo magalimoto ndi zida zapadera.

Gulu lililonse lili ndi magulu ake - A1 / B1, A3 / B3, A3 / B4, A5 / B5 kapena C1, C2 ndi C3. Amalankhula za makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mafuta amtundu wa A3 / B4 amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamafuta okakamizidwa.

Nthawi zambiri, wopanga amawonetsa makalasi onse atatu pa canister - SAE, API ndi ACEA, koma posankha, timalimbikitsa kuyang'ana pagulu la SAE.

Onaninso

Lonjezani Poyankha