Momwe mungasinthire mavavu a Kalina

Kusintha malo okhala ndi ma valve

Zimangochitika ndi injini yozizira - kutentha koyenera kwambiri ndi madigiri +20. Konzekeranitu:

• pliers ndi nsagwada yopapatiza;
• screwdriver;
• mitu;
• syringe kuchotsa mafuta;
• opukusa;
• valve cracker (chipangizo);
• kufufuza (0,2 ndi 0,35 mm);
• kusintha ma washers.

Masulani mabawuti omwe mwagwira chivundikiro cha valve, chotsani ndikuchotsa ma spark plugs. Nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani ma lobes a camshaft kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe kuvala. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito syringe kuchotsa mafuta pamutu. Gwirizanitsani waya wa valve pazitsulo. Masitepe otsatirawa:

1. Tembenuzirani crankshaft ndikuyanjanitsa zolembera pachivundikiro chanthawi ndi pulley. Kenako tembenuzirani shaftyo mano ena atatu pa pulley.
2. Pogwiritsa ntchito 0,2mm (inlet) ndi 0,35mm (outlet) feeler gauge, yang'anani mipata. Kuti mudziwe komwe mavavu olowera ndi otulutsira ali, werengani kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja: polowera, polowera, ndi zina zotere. Mashimu ayenera kusinthidwa pomwe choyezera cholumikizira chikudutsa mosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, tsitsani valavu ndi chida, osatembenuza tappet ndi screwdriver.
3. Gwirani chopondera pansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito pliers kuchotsa chochapira chakale ndikuyika china choyenera.
4. Chotsani chosungiracho ndikuyang'ananso kusiyana kwake - kafukufukuyo ayenera kudutsa popanda khama lalikulu.

Dongosolo la malamulo: Kuyamba koyamba - 1 koyambira, 2 koyambira - 5 koyambira, 2 koyambira - 8 koyambira, 6 koyambira - 4.

Kusintha kwa valve Kalina, ndi injini ya 8-valve, ndikofunikira pamene phokoso losasangalatsa komanso loopsya likuwoneka, kukumbukira phokoso lachitsulo pansi pa hood. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mavavu "amafunika" kusintha mwamsanga. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonzekera zida zina, monga: screwdrivers (flat ndi Phillips), pliers mphuno zazitali (kapena tweezers), seti ya probes, washers kusintha kukula chofunika, 10 wrench (mutu) ndi chogwirira, komanso chida chapadera chosinthira.

Ndikufuna kuchenjeza oyendetsa galimoto nthawi yomweyo kuti ma valve a Kalina ndi oyenerera pamagetsi okhazikika, apo ayi mipata yokhazikitsidwa sidzakwaniritsa zofunikira zaumisiri. Chotsani chivundikiro cha valve ndikuyika ma shafts, crankshaft ndi camshafts molingana ndi zizindikiro zolembedwa. Pankhaniyi, pistons ya masilindala 1 ndi 4 ayenera kukhala pa TDC wa limagwirira. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira ma valve, tidzasankha mofulumira, momwe tiyenera kutembenuza crankshaft pang'ono, ndipo tidzasintha ma valve anayi nthawi imodzi.

Kotero poyamba timayesa mipata yomwe makamera a camshaft amakwera pamwamba pa ma valve. Pankhaniyi, ndi mavavu 1,2,3,5. Mipata yotentha ya mavavu a Kalina amafanana ndi 0,20 (+0,05 mm), ndi ma valve otulutsa mpweya 0,35 (+0,05 mm). Mavavu amawerengedwa kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, choyamba cholowera, kenako cholowera, ndi zina zotero. Zotsitsa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mtengo wadzina zimasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma gaskets. Tsopano sungani kapamwamba kosinthira pazitsulo zophimba ma valve ndikuziteteza popukuta mtedza.

Kenaka, ndi lever ya makina osinthika, timakanikiza valavu yosinthika kuti tiyime, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi lever timakonza malo a valve pusher (mu dziko lopanikizidwa). Pogwiritsa ntchito pliers, chotsani chochapira chakale ndikuyika chatsopano (cha kukula komwe mukufuna) m'malo mwake. Mukachotsa latch, kanikizani ndi pry bar mpaka itakhazikika. Pambuyo pake, ndikutembenukira kwa ma valve otsatira 4,6,7,8. Muyenera kupanga kusintha kumodzi kwa shaft (camshaft iyenera kutembenukira theka) ndikuchita chimodzimodzi ndi ma valve ena onse. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pamene galimoto "Kalina" ndi kuthamanga mpaka 50 Km, n`zokayikitsa kuti kusintha mavavu "Kalina" n`zokayikitsa, popeza poyang`ana mipata awo (ambiri a milandu), iwo kutsatira zofunika. miyezo.

Ma valves a magalimoto a Lada Kalina amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka gasi, pokhala ndi udindo wotulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya komanso kusakaniza kwa mpweya wosakaniza. Anthu ambiri okonda magalimoto samaganizira mfundo izi, ngakhale kuti ndi zazing'ono, ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndipo ena sadziwa kumene ali ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi (malinga ndi mtundu wa injini) amafunsidwa kuti akonze.

Kusintha kwa kutentha kwamafuta mu makina a valve a injini

Timayesa ndikusintha zilolezo pa injini yozizira. Timachotsa chophimba cha injini. Chotsani chingwe cha throttle pagawo la msonkhano wa throttle (onani "Kusintha chingwe cha throttle"). Mukamasula mtedza womangirira utatu, chotsani chotchingira chingwe ndikusuntha bulaketi ndi chingwe kumbali (onani "Kuchotsa wolandila").

Pogwiritsa ntchito screwdriver ya Phillips, masulani kapu yapaipi yotsekera mpweya ndikuchotsa payipi pa chubu chovundikira mutu wa silinda.

Pogwiritsa ntchito screwdriver ya Phillips, masulani chotchingira pa hose ya crankcase ventilation hose (main circuit) ndikuchotsa payipiyo pa chubu chovundikira mutu wa silinda.

Pogwiritsa ntchito screwdriver ya Phillips, masulani chingwe chapaipi cholowera mpweya (chopanda kanthu) ndikudula payipi pachovala chakumutu kwa silinda.

Pogwiritsa ntchito wrench 10, masulani mtedza uwiri womwe uli ndi chivundikiro chamutu cha silinda ndikuchotsa ma disc.

Chotsani zitsamba ziwiri za rabala.

Chotsani chophimba chamutu cha silinda. Chotsani chophimba cha lamba wakutsogolo. Njira yowunikira ndikusintha zovomerezeka mu valve actuator ndi motere. Tembenukirani crankshaft ndi wononga chogwirizira alternator drive pulley molunjika mpaka zizindikiro za camshaft pulley ndi chivundikiro cha lamba wakumbuyo zigwirizana. Kenako timatembenuzira crankshaft molunjika wina 40-50 ° (mano 2,5-3 pa pulley ya camshaft). Ndi malo awa a nkhwangwa, timayang'ana kaye mipata ndi ma tracers ...

ndi lachitatu lobes camshaft. Chilolezo pakati pa camshaft lobes ndi makina ochapira sayenera kukhala 0,20mm kwa mavavu olowera ndi 0,35mm kwa mavavu otulutsa mpweya. Kulekerera kwa chilolezo kwa nsagwada zonse ndi ± 0,05 mm. Ngati kusiyana sikukumveka ...

ndiye ikani chosinthira valavu pa camshaft yokhala ndi zida zanyumba.

Timatembenuza pusher kuti poyambira kumtunda kwake ayang'ane kutsogolo (molunjika pagalimoto).

Timayambitsa "fang" ya chipangizo pakati pa kamera ndi pusher (1 - nozzle, 2 - pusher)

Mwa kukanikiza lever ya chipangizocho, timamiza pusher ndi "fang.

ndikuyika chosungira pakati pa m'mphepete mwa pushrod ndi camshaft, yomwe imagwira pushrod pansi.

Kumanga ma valve okweza pamene mukusintha chingwe: 1 - chosungira; 2 - kusintha makina ochapira Sunthani lever chipangizo ku malo apamwamba

Pogwiritsa ntchito pliers, tsegulani malowo ndikuchotsa shim. Ngati chida chosinthira ma valve sichikupezeka, ma screwdrivers awiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndi screwdriver yamphamvu, kutsamira pa kamera, timakankhira pansi, ndikuyika m'mphepete mwa screwdriver ina (yokhala ndi masamba ochepera 10 mm) pakati pa mphepete mwa pusher ndi camshaft, konzani pusher ndikuchotsa kusintha. washer screw ndi pliers. Kusiyanako kumasinthidwa posankha chochapira chosinthika cha makulidwe ofunikira.

Kuti muchite izi, yesani makulidwe a washer wochotsedwa ndi micrometer. Kuchuluka kwa shimu yatsopano kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomeko: H = B + (AC), mm, kumene "A" ndi kusiyana kwake; "B" - makulidwe a chotsuka chochotsedwa; "C" - mlingo masewera; "H" ndi makulidwe a makina ochapira atsopano. Makulidwe a makina ochapira atsopano amalembedwa pamwamba pake ndi electrograph. Timayika makina ochapira atsopano pa pusher ndi chizindikiro pansi ndikuchotsa chosungira. Yang'ananinso kusiyana. Ikasinthidwa bwino, 0,20 kapena 0,35 mm feeler gauge iyenera kulowa pampata ndi kutsina pang'ono. Sequentially kutembenuza crankshaft theka kutembenuka, timayang'ana ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, kusintha zovomerezeka za mavavu ena motsatizana zomwe zasonyezedwa patebulo.

ngodya ya kuzungulira kwa crankshaft kuchokera pomwe pali chizindikiro, madigiri	chiwerengero cha makamera (kuwerengera - kuchokera ku camshaft pulley)
utsi (gap 0,35 mm)	cholowera (gap 0,20 mm)
40-50	а	3
220-230	5	два
400-410	8	6
580-590	4	7

Timasonkhanitsa motere motsatira dongosolo. Musanayike chivundikiro chamutu cha silinda.

m'malo gasket ndi latsopano.

Momwe mungasinthire makina a 8-valve pa chitsanzo cha Lada Kalina? Posakhalitsa, eni ambiri a magalimoto othandiza a ku Russia amadzifunsa funso lofananalo. Kuchita izi nokha sikudzakhala kosangalatsa kokha, komanso kothandiza pankhani yodziwa zambiri.

Tsopano tiyeni tipitirire ku kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane nkhani yomwe yasonyezedwa apa: kusintha kwa valve.

Njira yosinthira

Njira yosinthira ma valve pazosintha zonse za chotengera cha 8-valve ndi yofanana. Pali kusiyana kokha pamakina a jakisoni kuchokera kwa ogulitsa, viburnum 2 yokhala ndi injini yamalonda. Ali ndi gulu la pistoni lopepuka komanso mipando ya ceramic ndi zitsulo. Mwanjira iyi, mipata imasiyana mmwamba ndi 0,05 mm. Podziwa dongosolo ndi kusintha ndondomeko, mukhoza kusintha mavavu nokha. Kupatula kusowa kwa seti ndi seti ya ma washers kuti asinthe. Ndizosapindulitsa kuwatsata kumsika nthawi zonse ndikugula assortment yonse.

Pano pali chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha kusintha mavavu VAZ 2108, 2109, 2114, 2115

1. Choyamba muyenera kuziziritsa injini. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera chozizira chowonjezera kuchokera pagalimoto iliyonse ya VAZ. Timayika pamwamba kuti mpweya wotuluka upite ku injini yoyaka mkati ndikuyatsa magetsi a 12V;
2. Mukakonza injini za 8-valve (11186, 11113 oka, 1118, 1111) ndi makina opangira makina, masulani chingwe chowombera kuchokera kumalo osungiramo madzi;
3. Chotsani chivundikiro cha vavu, lamba wanthawi yayitali chophimba. Chotsani mipope yayikulu ndi yaying'ono yopumira kupita ku nsonga ya valavu;
4. Pompani mafuta pafupi ndi makapu a valve ndi syringe kapena blower. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito syringe yokhazikika yachipatala yokhala ndi payipi yoyera ya silicone kumapeto;
5. Ikani chipangizo chosinthira - njanji yokakamiza valavu, yomwe imatchedwanso wolamulira;
6. Khazikitsani malo oyamba kuti musinthe. Tembenuzirani camshaft molunjika ku chizindikiro ndikumangitsa mano 2-3. Kwa magalimoto okhala ndi gulu lopepuka la pistoni (perekani, viburnum 2, koyambirira), tembenuzirani mosamalitsa ndi crankshaft. Ngati imazungulira kuseri kwa camshaft, ndiye kuti lamba wanthawi yake amatha kutsika, ndipo ngati izi sizikuwoneka ndikubweretsa injini ya valve, ndiye kuti imapindika;
7. Sinthani motsatizana zotsatirazi: 1 kutulutsa ndi 3 maselo olowetsa;
8. Sinthani camshaft 90 madigiri. Khazikitsani maselo otulutsa 5 ndi ma cell a 2 olowetsa;
9. Sinthani madigiri 90. Khazikitsani ma cell 8 otulutsa ndi ma cell 6 olowera;
10. Kupanga kusinthasintha komaliza kwa 90 ndikusintha ma cell 4 otulutsa ndi ma cell 7 olowera;
11. Timayika motsatira dongosolo. Timayika gasket yatsopano pansi pa chivundikiro cha valve kuti mafuta asatuluke.
12. Mu injini za carburetor, zonse zimachitika mofananamo. Choyamba muyenera kumasula nyumba ya fyuluta ndi chingwe choyamwa. Mafupipafupi ndi ofanana ndi jekeseni wa 30 km.

Kuyang'ana zilolezo kumafunikanso pambuyo pokonza mutu wa silinda. Makamaka mutatha kusintha maupangiri. Posintha tchire, zomangirazo zimatsukidwa ndi chida chapadera ndipo mwadala zimabwereranso kumutu. Choncho, m'pofunika kutsatira ndondomekoyi, ikani mipata yabwino ndikubwereza pambuyo pa 1000 km yothamanga.

Kukonza injini ya 8kl ya petulo kumawonjezera mtunda pakati pa ma tunings. Ngati injiniyo sinapangidwe kuti igwire ntchito pazida za gasi, ndiye kuti mipando ndi ma valve zidzawotchedwa mwamsanga, ndipo kuti mwanjira inayake iwonjezere moyo wautumiki, mipata iyenera kukhala yaikulu pang'ono kuposa yokhazikika. Kawirikawiri amapanga + 0,05 mm. Ngati kusiyana sikuli kolimba, ndiko kuti, sikutsegula, ndiye kuti chishalocho chapita pamutu bwino. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zomwe mukufunikira kuti muwonjezere kusiyana, kusungunula mutu wa silinda ndikuyika mapeto a valve. Njira yachiwiri ingakhale yosintha mpando kapena mutu wa silinda wokha.

Lada Kalina hatchback LUX ›Logbook ›mavavu odzisintha okha (Gawo loyamba)

Moni kwa nonse Lero ndikuwuzani momwe mungasinthire ma valve pa injini ya 8 valve ndi manja anu pogwiritsa ntchito chida chokhazikika. Chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwanga pakugwira ntchito kwa galimoto yokonzedwanso chinali chidwi cha banal ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuti injini iyende bwino, makamaka panthawi yotentha, pamene "dizilo" imapezeka.

Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambe: masulani pulagi yodzaza, chotsani choyikapo pamwamba ndikuchotsa zingwe zonse zomwe zimapita pachivundikiro cha valve.

ndi fungulo la 10 timakanikiza mabatani kuti amangirire chingwe cha gasi

masulani kapu ya valve

ndi kiyi yomweyo ya 10, masulani mabawuti atatu a chivundikiro cha lamba wanthawi

Chabwino, tsopano, popanda kutengeka kwambiri, timatsegula chivundikiro cha valve, kuyesera kuchikweza pamalo opingasa, popanda kupotoza.

m'chithunzichi, gasket ya rabara yomata mosamala kumutu ndi chosindikizira;

Tsopano njira yowononga nthawi kwambiri ikuyamba, kuyeza mipata. Malingana ndi malangizo omwe ali mu malangizowo, ndondomeko yoyezera ikufotokozedwa, kotero sindidzayang'ana pa izi. Ndidzanena ndekha: kusiyana kwake kumayesedwa pakati pa makina ochapira ndi kamera ya camshaft pamene kamera ikuyang'ana pamwamba. makandulo kuti musapange kuyesetsa kowonjezera mukatembenuza camshaft! Kutulutsa pa injini yanthawi zonse: Kulowera - 17 ... 0,15 mm Kutulutsa - 0,25 ... 0,3 mm

Kutulutsa pa injini yanthawi zonse: Kulowera - 0,15 ... 0,25 mm Kutulutsa - 0,3 ... 0,4 mm

Malo Olowetsa ndi Exhaust Valve Kuti mumve zambiri, mutatha kuyeza kusiyana (ndibwino kuti muchite izi kangapo kuti mukhale olondola potembenuza camshaft), ndinatulutsanso ma washers kuti ndilembenso chizindikiro cha makulidwe pa iwo.

1 valavu wochapira (exhaust

Nazi zomwe zinachitika kwa ine

tebulo ndi miyeso yanga

Tsopano funso likubwera, osati limodzi lokha: 1. Kodi valavu yotulutsa mpweya wa silinda yoyamba imakhala yolimba - kodi kafukufuku 0,25 adakwera movutikira kwambiri (kodi ili pa liwiro la 0,3-0,4 mm)? Ma valve onse olowa amawonetsa 0,12-0,13mm (pamlingo wa 0,15-0,25mm)? ma valve ndi olimba bwino.

Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kubweretsa mabowo onse ku fakitale, kapena kungopanga chiganizo choyamba 0.3mm, ndikusiya china chilichonse momwe chilili? Chabwino, koma mwanjira sikokwanira .. kwa athandizira 0,12mm? Kodi alipo angalangize?

Ndinapeza kanema wosangalatsa wokhudza kusintha kwa valve -

 

Poyamba, funso limabuka: chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira kusintha kwa valve? Ngati opareshoniyi idatheka, ndiye:

• injini imayamba mosavuta;
• injini imayenda mwakachetechete;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumakhala kochepa;
• palibe mpweya wa carbon mu chipinda choyaka;
• kumawonjezera moyo wonse wa injini musanasinthe.

Ngati galimotoyo ndi yatsopano, ndiye kuti kusintha koyamba kwa mavavu kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa makilomita zikwi 20 oyambirira, pamene makonzedwe a fakitale akuphwanyidwa. Sikoyenera kuchedwetsa ndondomekoyi, chifukwa izi zadzaza ndi kuvala kwa valve.

Mbali zabwino ndi zoipa za kusintha kwa injini zosiyanasiyana

8 ma valve; voliyumu 1,6 malita

Injiniyi imadziwika bwino ndi oyendetsa galimoto. Ubwino wake ndi kudalirika kwake nzosakayikira. Ubwino wa injini:

• Amayendetsedwa pafupifupi mautumiki onse agalimoto;
• Palibe mavuto ndi kugula zida zosinthira;
• Pakakhala kusweka kwa lamba, valavu "sipeza" pistoni, palibe kusweka;
• Kuthamanga kwabwino kwambiri pamagiya otsika.

Zoyipa zake ndi izi:

• Mkulu wa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kowonjezereka panthawi yogwira ntchito;
• Kusintha kwanthawi zonse kwa mavavu ndikofunikira;
• Galimoto yokhala ndi injini iyi ilibe zoziziritsira mpweya.

16 ma valve; voliyumu 1,4 malita

Ubwino wa injini:

• Mafuta otsika kwambiri;
• Noiselessness ndi kusowa kwa vibrations pa ntchito;
• Kutha kumwaza galimoto mwachangu;
• Mavavu safunikira kusinthidwa.

Zoyipa zake zitha kutchedwa:

• Ndi kusweka kwadzidzidzi mu lamba wa valve, ma valve amapindika poyerekeza ndi pistoni. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezera pa ma valve, gulu lonse la pistoni liyenera kusinthidwa;
• Pambuyo pa 40 km, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumawonjezeka.

16 ma valve; voliyumu 1,6 malita

Ubwino wa injini:

• Zimagwira ntchito mwakachetechete kwambiri;
• Palibe kugwedezeka;
• Injini yamphamvu kwambiri;
• Kusintha kwa valve sikofunikira.

Pa mbali zoipa ndi:

• kupindika kwa mavavu ndi kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kwa lamba.

Zimakhala zovuta kuyankha funso la injini yomwe ili bwino.

Ngati kukonza kochepa ndi kuphweka ndizofunika kwa inu, ndiye kuti injini ya 8-valve ndiyo kusankha kwanu. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa oyendetsa omwe amakonda kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto yawo pawokha.

Kwa wokonda magalimoto, zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti zisoti 8 ndi chisankho chabwino kwa iye, makamaka pankhani yodalirika. Ndipo kumwa kwa vavu 8 ndikochepa. Iyi ndiye injini ya zisanu ndi zinayi.

Ngati dera lanu lili ndi mafuta apamwamba kwambiri, ndiye kuti ma valve 16 ndi abwinoko. Ngati mupita kutali ndi malo opangira gasi wamba, ndiye kuti ma valve 8 ndi abwinoko. Mu 16-valve 95, khalidwe labwino kwambiri ndilofunika, ngati si choncho, creak imayamba nthawi yomweyo pansi pa hood ya Kalina pamene mukukankhira gasi.

Kukonzekera ntchito

Mudzafunika zida ndi zomangira:

• mutu womaliza ndi kolala ndi ratchet;
• syringe kuchotsa mafuta injini;
• screwdrivers zopotana ndi lathyathyathya;
• chida chapadera cha kukanikiza mavavu;
• mndandanda wa zofufuza zapadera;
• opukusa;
• pliers zazitali;
• kusintha ma washers.

Njirayi ndiyosavuta ndipo imatha kuchitidwa paokha, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri. Kuti musunge nthawi kapena ngati njirayi ikuwoneka yovuta kwambiri, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamagalimoto. Ntchito yotereyi ndi yotsika mtengo - chiwerengero chokhazikika sichidutsa ma ruble 800-1000, kutengera dera.

Malangizo Okhazikitsa Chilolezo

Musanayambe ntchito imeneyi, m'pofunika kuziziritsa injini. Pambuyo pake, mabawuti amutu wa block amachotsedwa, ndipo omalizawo amachotsedwa. Ntchito yowonjezera ili motere.

1. Chotsani chivundikiro cha nthawi.
2. Chotsani ma spark plugs (izi zipangitsa kuti injini ikhale yosavuta kutembenuka).
3. Pamwamba pansi pamutu amatsukidwa ndi mafuta ndi syringe.
4. Ngati camshaft ili ndi mphamvu zolimba za makamera opusher, zinthu zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kusinthidwa.
5. M'malo mwa mutu wa chipika, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa chipangizo chapadera pazitsulo zowonjezera zomwe zingathandize kusokoneza ma valve.
6. Ma pistoni ali osalowerera ndale. Kuti muchite izi, tembenuzirani crankshaft ndi crank mpaka chizindikiro chomwe chili pachivundikiro chakumbuyo cha nthawi chikufanana ndi chizindikiro cha pulley.
7. Pambuyo pa machesi, crankshaft imasuntha mano ena angapo, ndipo pisitoni yoyamba idzakhala pamwamba pakufa.
8. Pogwiritsa ntchito choyezera, yezani mipata poyamba pa kamera yoyamba, kenako yachitatu. Pachifukwa ichi, kafukufuku amatengedwa, kukula kwake sikudutsa 0,35 mm. Ngati kafukufukuyo akudutsa popanda kutsutsa, chochapa chosiyana chiyenera kusankhidwa.
9. Kupyolera mu groove yapadera m'mphepete mwapamwamba, washer amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuchotsedwa. Kuti muwone kagawo, muyenera kusuntha kankhira pang'ono.
10. Valavu imayikidwanso ndi chipangizo chapadera, pamene pusher imagwiridwa ndi screwdriver yathyathyathya, popanda kuiyika mu groove, kuti ateteze kusinthasintha kwake mosasamala.
11. Pambuyo pokonza pusher ndi pliers, washer amachotsedwa ndipo wina, wa makulidwe oyenera, amaikidwa m'malo mwake. Pa mbali imodzi ya wochapira aliyense pali chizindikiro chapadera chosonyeza kukula kwake. Kulowetsedwa kwa washer kumalizidwa, screwdriver imachotsedwa, valavu imabwezeretsedwa pamalo ake, kusiyana kwake kumayesedwa ndi feeler gauge.

Kukwanira bwino kwa valve pa Kalina kumatanthauza kuti chubu limalowa mu danga ndi pang'ono (mwazifukwa) khama. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kutembenuzira injini pakusintha kumodzi kwa pulley ya crankshaft ndikuwongolera muyeso wowongolera. Mwanjira iyi, mipata yonse imawunikidwa ndikusinthidwa, ndikuzungulira koyenera kwa crankshaft musanayambe muyeso uliwonse. Pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo, muyenera kudzaza mafuta a injini pamlingo womwe mukufuna, mudzafunikanso kusintha chivundikiro cha Kalina valve, ndiyeno sungani chivundikiro cha valve ndi nthawi ndi zomangira.

Kutsetsereka kolondola kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo: makina ogawa gasi amagwira ntchito bwino, injini sipanga phokoso, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "moyo wamtima" wagalimoto uli mu dongosolo. Osachepera ma kilomita 50-60 otsatirawa, chilolezo chamafuta sichingakhale ndi vuto ndipo sidzafunikanso ntchito yowonjezera. Ndipo ndithudi adzakhala zotsatira za kusintha kolakwika kapena kosayembekezereka.

Valve idzayamba kutentha.	Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha sikulipidwa ndi kusiyana kwake ndipo bolodi idzayamba kuwuluka kuchokera pamzerewu.
Pali kuchepa kwa psinjika.	Yankho ndikuchepetsa mphamvu.
Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono mumalowedwe abwino sikukuchitika.	Zoipa zimakhudza ntchito chothandizira.
Mafuta a mpweya akatenthedwa, gawo lazowotcha limadutsa muzotulutsa zambiri.	Chifukwa chake, mbale ndi bevel zimawonongeka mwachangu.

Kusintha kwa vavu

Ngati tilankhula za injini yoyaka mkati, ndiye kuti titha kufotokozera mwachidule kuzungulira kwa ntchito yake. Izi ndi kudya, ndiye psinjika, kenako kuyaka kwa mafuta kumachitika ndipo sitiroko yachinayi ndikutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Injini ya Kalina 2 ndi magalimoto ena a VAZ amagwiritsa ntchito mavavu 4 pa silinda iliyonse. Awiri amalamulira utsi, awiri amalamulira kulowetsedwa. Mfundo ya ntchito yake ndi yosavuta: pamene camshaft imazungulira, zolowetsa zonse zimatsegulidwa nthawi imodzi, ndipo patapita nthawi, zotuluka ziwiri zimatsegulidwa.

Chida chamagetsi a valve

Kuwombera kumatanthawuza kuti pisitoni ikuyenda pansi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma valve olowetsa amatsegulidwa, ndikupereka mlingo wa mpweya wosakaniza ndi petulo mu silinda. Pa gawo lotsatira, pisitoni imayamba kuwuka ndipo ma valve olowetsa amatseka. Choncho, pali psinjika sitiroko. Atafika pamalo okwera kwambiri mu silinda, pisitoni imaponyedwa kumbuyo, ndikuyatsa kusakaniza ndi spark plug. Piston ikafika pakati pakufa kwambiri, ma valve otulutsa amatseguka. Ikayamba kukwera, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwanso kunja.

Choncho, popanda mavavu, ntchito ya injini kuyaka mkati ndi zosatheka. Ntchito yake imadalira mwachindunji kuzungulira kolondola kwa camshaft. Ndipo kunena zowona, njira zomwe zilimo, zotchedwa pushers.

Cholinga cha kusiyana kwa kutentha

Pamene kusiyana kumeneku kusinthidwa bwino, tappet ndi camshaft cam imakanizidwa wina ndi mzake molimbika momwe zingathere kuti zitsimikizire kukhudzana kwangwiro pakati pa malo. Tikumbukenso kuti mbali zonse za injini kuyaka mkati makamaka opangidwa aloyi zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsulo (mankhwala a aluminiyamu, mkuwa, chitsulo). Ma pushers, camshaft ndi gulu la valve palokha ndizitsulo. Monga mukudziwira, chitsulo chilichonse chokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu chimakonda kukula. Zotsatira zake, kusiyana komwe kulipo mugawo lamagetsi ozizira kumasiyana kwambiri ndi kotentha. Mwachidule, ma valve ndi olimba kwambiri kapena kukhudzana kolimba kwa malo sikutsimikiziridwa.

Kusintha kwa kusiyana ndikuyika mipata yapadera pakati pa valavu ndi pisitoni, poganizira kukula kwazitsulo zikatenthedwa. Miyezoyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri moti ma microns amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza. Pakadali pano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakutopa komanso kudya.