Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Wowotcherera Wawaya (Buku Loyamba)
Zamkatimu
- Kodi makina owotcherera a waya amagwira ntchito bwanji?
- Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Musanagwiritse Ntchito Wowotchera Waya
- 10 Malangizo Othandizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Wowotcherera Wawaya
- Gawo 1 - Lumikizani kumagetsi
- Gawo 2: Yatsani gasi
- Khwerero 3 - Yezerani Makulidwe a Mbale
- Khwerero 4 - Pewani tebulo lowotcherera
- Khwerero 5 - Khazikitsani Kuthamanga ndi Kuthamanga
- Gawo 6 - Valani zida zodzitetezera
- Khwerero 7 - Ikani Tochi Pakona Yakumanja
- Khwerero 8 - Kokani kapena Kokani
- Khwerero 9 - Dinani Choyambitsa Kusintha
- Gawo 10 - Malizitsani kuwotcherera
- Nkhani Zachitetezo Zokhudzana ndi Welding
- Kufotokozera mwachidule
Pakutha kwa bukhuli, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chowotcherera cha waya.
Owotcherera mawaya ndi njira imodzi yabwino yolumikizira zitsulo zopyapyala komanso zokhuthala, ndipo kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kungakuthandizeni kuti mukwaniritse luso la kuwotcherera. Kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito makina owotchera mawaya sikovuta. Koma pali zinthu zina, monga mtundu wa mpweya ndi ngodya ya kasinthasintha, zomwe, ngati sizinaphunzire bwino, zingayambitse mavuto ambiri.
Tsoka ilo, anthu ambiri sapatula nthawi yophunzira mwatsatanetsatane ndipo pamapeto pake amadzivulaza kapena kugwira ntchito zabwino.
Nthawi zambiri, kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino makina owotcherera mawaya, tsatirani izi.
- Lumikizani makina owotcherera mawaya ku malo oyenera magetsi.
- Yatsani silinda yamafuta ndikusunga mpweya wabwino wotuluka (CFH).
- Yang'anani mbale yachitsulo ndikuwona makulidwe azinthu.
- Lumikizani chotchinga chapansi pa tebulo lowotcherera ndikuchipera.
- Khazikitsani liwiro lolondola ndi voteji pamakina owotcherera.
- Valani zida zonse zodzitetezera.
- Ikani mfuti yowotchera pamalo oyenera.
- Sankhani njira yanu yowotcherera.
- Dinani batani loyambira lomwe lili pamfuti yowotcherera.
- Yambitsani bwino chowotcha pazitsulo zazitsulo.
Tilowa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Kodi makina owotcherera a waya amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Owotcherera opangidwa ndi mawaya amapanga ma welds pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi a waya omwe amadyetsedwa mosalekeza. Ma electrode awa amalowa m'makina mothandizidwa ndi chogwiritsira ntchito electrode. Njira zotsatirazi zimayambika pamene choyambitsa choyatsira chowotchera chikanikizidwa.
- Zida zopangira magetsi zidzayamba kugwira ntchito
- Ma cutscenes adzayambanso nthawi yomweyo.
- Arch Spring idzayamba kugwira ntchito
- Gasi adzayamba kuyenda
- Odzigudubuza adzadyetsa waya
Choncho, ndi arc yoyaka moto, electrode ya waya ndi zitsulo zoyambira zidzayamba kusungunuka. Njira ziwirizi zimachitika nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa cha njirazi, zitsulo ziwirizi zidzasungunuka ndikupanga mgwirizano wowotcherera. Kuteteza zitsulo kuti zisaipitsidwe zimagwira ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza.
Ngati mumadziwa kuwotcherera kwa MIG, mumvetsetsa kuti njirayi ndi yofanana. Komabe, kukhazikitsa kuwotcherera koteroko kumafuna luso ndi zida zoyenera.
Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Musanagwiritse Ntchito Wowotchera Waya
Tisanapitirire kudula, ndikofunikira kuphunzira zaukadaulo wamakina opangira ma waya. Kumvetsetsa koyenera kwa njira izi kudzakuthandizani kwambiri powotcherera.
Buku
Pankhani ya mayendedwe, mutha kusankha kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri. Mukhoza kukoka kapena kukankha. Pano pali kufotokoza kosavuta kwa iwo.
Mukabweretsa mfuti yowotcherera kwa inu mukuwotcherera, njirayi imadziwika kuti kukoka. Kukankhira mfuti yowotchera kutali ndi inu kumadziwika ngati njira yokankhira.
Njira yokoka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu waya wa flux-cored ndi kuwotcherera ma electrode. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yokankhira powotcherera waya waya.
Langizo: Kwa wowotchera MIG, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokankhira kapena kukoka.
Njira yogwirira ntchito
Ubale pakati pa chowotcherera chogwirira ntchito ndi mbali ya electrode imadziwika kuti ngodya yogwirira ntchito.
Njira yogwirira ntchito imadalira kwathunthu kugwirizana ndi mtundu wachitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, ngodya yogwirira ntchito imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wachitsulo, makulidwe ake, ndi mtundu wa kulumikizana. Poganizira zomwe zili pamwambazi, tikhoza kusiyanitsa malo anayi osiyana siyana.
- malo athyathyathya
- Malo opingasa
- Poyima
- Malo apamwamba
Angle kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizira
Pamalo olumikizirana matako, ngodya yoyenera ndi madigiri 90.
Sungani ngodya ya madigiri 60 mpaka 70 kuti mugwirizane ndi lap.
Khalani ndi ngodya ya 45 digiri ya T-joints. Malunjiki atatu onsewa ali m’malo opingasa.
Zikafika pamalo opingasa, mphamvu yokoka imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, sungani mbali yogwirira ntchito pakati pa 0 ndi 15 madigiri.
Sungani ngodya yowongoka yogwira ntchito ya madigiri 5 mpaka 15. Maudindo apamwamba ndi ovuta kuwagwira. Palibe mbali yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito pa malo awa. Chifukwa chake gwiritsani ntchito zomwe mwakumana nazo pa izi.
Njira yoyenda
Ngodya yapakati pa nyali yowotcherera ndi chowotcherera mu mbale imadziwika kuti ngodya yoyendera. Komabe, mbaleyo iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi momwe amayendera. Owotcherera ambiri amasunga ngodya iyi pakati pa 5 ndi 15 madigiri. Nazi zina mwazopindulitsa za ngodya yolondola yoyenda.
- Pangani sipatter yochepa
- Kuchulukitsa kukhazikika kwa arc
- Kulowa kwapamwamba
Makona opitilira madigiri 20 amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ochepa. Amatulutsa kuchuluka kwa spatter komanso kulowa pang'ono.
Waya kusankha
Kusankha waya woyenera pa ntchito yanu yowotcherera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mawaya opangira makina owotcherera waya. Choncho sikovuta kusankha chinachake.
ER70C-3
ER70S-3 ndiyabwino pazowotcherera zolinga wamba.
ER70C-6
Ndilo chisankho choyenera pazitsulo zakuda kapena dzimbiri. Choncho gwiritsani ntchito wayawu pokonza ndi kukonza.
Kukula kwa waya
Pazitsulo zokhuthala, sankhani waya wa 0.035" kapena 0.045". Gwiritsani ntchito waya wa inchi 0.030 pazofuna zambiri. Waya wa 0.023" m'mimba mwake ndi wabwino kwambiri pamawaya woonda kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutengera ntchito yanu, sankhani kukula koyenera kuchokera ku maelekitirodi amawaya ER70S-3 ndi ER70S-6.
Kusankha gasi
Mofanana ndi ma electrode amawaya, kusankha mtundu woyenera wa gasi wotchinga kumatsimikizira mtundu wa weld wanu. Kuphatikizika kwa 25% mpweya woipa ndi 75% argon ndiko kusakaniza koyenera kwa weld wapamwamba kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza uku kumachepetsa spatter. Kuonjezera apo, zidzateteza kwambiri kutentha-kupyolera muzitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito gasi wolakwika kungapangitse kuti porous weld ndi kutuluka kwa utsi wapoizoni.
Langizo: Kugwiritsa ntchito 100% CO2 ndi njira ina pamwamba osakaniza. Koma CO2 amatulutsa phala kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ndizabwinoko ndi Ar ndi CO2 kusakaniza.
Kutalika kwa mawaya
Kutalika kwa waya womwe umatuluka mumfuti yowotcherera ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa arc. Chifukwa chake, siyani kutalika kwa 3/8 inchi. Mtengo uwu ndi muyezo womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma welder ambiri.
Kumbukirani: Waya wautali ukhoza kumveka phokoso kuchokera ku arc.
10 Malangizo Othandizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Wowotcherera Wawaya
Tsopano mukudziwa za ngodya, waya ndi gasi kusankha kuchokera m'gawo lapitalo. Chidziwitso choyambirirachi ndi chokwanira kuti tipitirize kugwira ntchito ndi makina athu opangira waya.
Gawo 1 - Lumikizani kumagetsi
Kwa makina owotcherera chakudya cha waya, mudzafunika socket yapadera. Owotcherera ambiri amabwera ndi 13 amp outlet. Chifukwa chake, pezani chotulutsa cha 13 amp ndikulumikiza makina anu owotcherera mawaya.
Langizo: Kutengera mphamvu ya makina opangira zowotcherera, zomwe zikutuluka zimatha kusiyanasiyana.
Gawo 2: Yatsani gasi
Kenako pitani ku tanki yamafuta ndikumasula valavu. Tembenuzani valavu mopingasa.
Khazikitsani mtengo wa CFH pafupifupi 25. Mtengo wa CFH umatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa gasi.
Kumbukirani: Sankhani mpweya malinga ndi malangizo omwe ali mu gawo lapitalo.
Khwerero 3 - Yezerani Makulidwe a Mbale
Kenako tengani mbale ziwiri zomwe mugwiritse ntchito powotcherera ndikuyesa makulidwe ake.
Kuti muyeze makulidwe a mbale iyi, mufunika geji ngati yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi pamwambapa. Nthawi zina mumapeza sensor iyi ndi makina owotcherera. Kapena mutha kugula kuchokera ku sitolo ya hardware yapafupi.
Ikani gauge pa mbale ndikuzindikira makulidwe a mbale. Mu chitsanzo chathu, makulidwe a mbale ndi mainchesi 0.125. Lembani mtengo uwu. Mudzazifuna pambuyo pake mukayika liwiro ndi voteji.
Khwerero 4 - Pewani tebulo lowotcherera
Makina ambiri owotcherera amabwera ndi chotchingira pansi. Gwiritsani ntchito chotchingirachi kuti muchepetse tebulo lowotcherera. Iyi ndi njira yovomerezeka yachitetezo. Apo ayi, mukhoza kugwidwa ndi magetsi.
Khwerero 5 - Khazikitsani Kuthamanga ndi Kuthamanga
Kwezani chivundikiro chomwe chili kumbali ya makina owotcherera.
Pa chivindikiro mungapeze tchati chosonyeza liwiro ndi voteji ya chinthu chilichonse. Kuti mupeze zikhalidwe ziwirizi, muyenera kudziwa zotsatirazi.
- Mtundu wazinthu
- Mtundu wa gasi
- Waya makulidwe
- Plate diameter
Pachiwonetserochi, ndidagwiritsa ntchito mbale yachitsulo ya 0.125" m'mimba mwake ndi mpweya wa C25. Mpweya wa C25 umaphatikizapo Ar 75% ndi CO2 25%. Kuphatikiza apo, makulidwe a waya ndi mainchesi 0.03.
Malinga ndi zoikamo izi, muyenera kukhazikitsa voteji 4 ndi liwiro 45. Yang'anani chithunzi pamwambapa kuti mudziwe bwino za izi.
Tsopano yatsani chosinthira pa makina owotcherera ndikuyika voteji ndi liwiro pamagetsi.
Gawo 6 - Valani zida zodzitetezera
Njira yowotcherera ndi ntchito yowopsa. Kuti muchite izi, mudzafunika zida zambiri zodzitetezera. Choncho valani zida zodzitetezera zotsatirazi.
- Wopumira
- Galasi loteteza
- Magolovesi oteteza
- Chipewa chowotcherera
Taonani: Osayika thanzi lanu pachiwopsezo povala zida zodzitetezera zomwe zili pamwambapa musanayambe kuwotcherera.
Khwerero 7 - Ikani Tochi Pakona Yakumanja
Ganizirani za ngodya yogwirira ntchito ndi ngodya yoyendayenda ndikuyika tochi yowotcherera pa ngodya yoyenera.
Mwachitsanzo, sungani ngodya yoyenda pakati pa 5 ndi 15 madigiri ndikusankha ngodya yogwirira ntchito kutengera mtundu wachitsulo, makulidwe ndi mtundu wolumikizira. Pachiwonetserochi, ndikuwotchera mbale ziwiri zachitsulo.
Khwerero 8 - Kokani kapena Kokani
Tsopano sankhani njira yowotcherera pa ntchitoyi; kukoka kapena kukankha. Monga mukudziwa kale, kukankhira kuwotcherera ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yowotcherera ma waya. Choncho, ikani muuni wowotcherera moyenerera.
Khwerero 9 - Dinani Choyambitsa Kusintha
Tsopano akanikizire choyambitsa chosinthira pa nyali ndi kuyamba kuwotcherera ndondomeko. Kumbukirani kugwira tochi yowotcherera mwamphamvu panthawiyi.
Gawo 10 - Malizitsani kuwotcherera
Dulani muuni wowotcherera mumzere wowotcherera wachitsulo ndikumaliza ntchitoyi moyenera.
Langizo: Osakhudza mbale yowotcherera nthawi yomweyo. Siyani mbale pa tebulo lowotcherera kwa mphindi 2-3 ndikuyisiya kuti izizire. Kugwira mbale yowotcherera ikadali yotentha kumatha kutentha khungu lanu.
Nkhani Zachitetezo Zokhudzana ndi Welding
Kuwotcherera kumabweretsa nkhawa zambiri zachitetezo. Kudziwa zimenezi mwamsanga kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri. Kotero, apa pali mafunso ofunikira otetezera.
- Nthawi zina makina owotcherera amatha kutulutsa utsi wowopsa.
- Mutha kugwidwa ndi magetsi.
- Mavuto a maso
- Mukhoza kulimbana ndi kutentha kwa ma radiation.
- Zovala zanu zikhoza kugwira moto.
- Mutha kupeza matenda a utsi wachitsulo
- Kuwonetsedwa ndi zitsulo monga nickel kapena chromium kungayambitse mphumu yapantchito.
- Popanda mpweya wabwino, mulingo waphokoso ungakhale wokulirapo kwa inu.
Kuti mupewe zovuta zoterezi, nthawi zonse muzivala zida zodzitetezera. Kotero, apa pali njira zingapo zodzitetezera.
- Kuvala magolovesi ndi nsapato kumakutetezani kuti musapse khungu. (1)
- Valani chisoti chowotcherera kuti muteteze maso ndi nkhope yanu.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito chopumira kumakutetezani ku mpweya wapoizoni.
- Kusunga mpweya wabwino m'malo owotcherera kudzachepetsa phokoso.
- Kuyika tebulo lowotcherera kumakutetezani ku zovuta zilizonse.
- Sungani chozimitsira moto mu msonkhano. Zidzakhala zothandiza pa nthawi ya moto.
- Valani zovala zosagwira moto powotchera.
Mukatsatira njira zomwe zili pamwambazi, mudzatha kumaliza ntchito yowotcherera popanda kuvulala.
Kufotokozera mwachidule
Nthawi zonse mukamagwiritsa ntchito chowotcherera mawaya, tsatirani malangizo 10 omwe ali pamwambapa. Kumbukirani kuti kukhala katswiri wowotcherera ndi ntchito yowononga nthawi. Choncho khalani oleza mtima ndikutsatira njira yoyenera yowotcherera.
Njira yowotcherera imatengera luso lanu, mayendedwe, ngodya yoyenda, mtundu wa waya ndi mtundu wa gasi. Ganizirani zonsezi mukawotcherera ndi chakudya chawaya. (2)
Onani zina mwazolemba zathu pansipa.
- Momwe mungayesere potulutsa magetsi ndi multimeter
- Momwe mungalumikizire mawaya apansi kwa wina ndi mzake
- Momwe mungatsegule waya kuchokera ku cholumikizira cholumikizira
ayamikira
(1) khungu limapsa - https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/burns/symptoms-causes/syc-20370539
(2) mtundu wa gasi - https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/gasoline/octane-in-depth.php
Maulalo amakanema
