Ndibwino kuti mugawidwe ndi 2

Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi ndimagwirizanitsa akatswiri asayansi anzanga ponena kuti physics yokha ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa iwo. Fiziki yamakono yakhala masamu ambiri ndi 90%, ngati si 100%. Nthawi zambiri aphunzitsi a physics amadandaula kuti sangaphunzitse bwino chifukwa alibe zida zoyenera za masamu kusukulu. Koma ndikuganiza kuti nthawi zambiri ... samatha kuphunzitsa, chifukwa chake amati ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro oyenera ndi masamu, makamaka mawerengedwe osiyanitsa. N’zoona kuti tikamaliza masamu funso m’pamene tingalimvetse bwino lomwe. Mawu oti "compute" ali ndi mutu wofanana ndi mawu oti "nkhope". Onetsani nkhope yanu = muwerengedwe.

Tinali titakhala ndi mnzanga, katswiri wa zafilosofi wa ku Poland ndi katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu Andrzej, pafupi ndi nyanja yokongola ya Mauda, ​​​​Suwałki. July chaka chino kunali kozizira. Sindikumbukira chifukwa chake ndinauza nthabwala yodziwika bwino yokhudza woyendetsa njinga yamoto yemwe adalephera kudziletsa, kugwera mumtengo, koma adapulumuka. Mu ambulansi, adadandaula, "ndibwino kuti adagawana nawo osachepera awiri." Adotolo anamudzutsa ndikumufunsa chomwe chikuchitika, agawane kapena asagawane pawiri. Yankho linali: mv².

Andrzej anaseka kwa nthawi yayitali, koma mwamantha anafunsa kuti mv2 ikunena chiyani. ndinafotokoza E = mv²/2 iyi ndi formula ya mphamvu zamagetsizodziwikiratu ngati mukudziwa integral calculus koma simukuzimvetsa. Patapita masiku angapo anapempha kuti afotokoze m’kalata yake kuti imufikire, mphunzitsi wachipolishi. Pokhapokha, ndinanena kuti ku Russia kulibe misewu yachifumu (monga momwe Aristotle adanena kwa wophunzira wake wachifumu Alexander Wamkulu). Onse ayenera kuvutika mofanana. O, ndi zoona? Kupatula apo, wotsogolera mapiri wodziwa bwino adzatsogolera kasitomala panjira yosavuta.

mv² za Dummies

Andrey. Sindingakhutire ngati malemba otsatirawa akuwoneka ovuta kwambiri kwa inu. Ntchito yanga ndikukufotokozerani zomwe clip iyi ikunena.². Makamaka chifukwa lalikulu komanso chifukwa chake timagawaniza awiri.

Mukuwona, mv ndiyothamanga, ndipo mphamvu ndiye gawo lofunikira pakukula. Zosavuta?

Kuti wasayansi akuyankheni. Ndipo ine…Koma basi, ngati mawu oyamba, chikumbutso cha masiku akale. Tinaphunzitsidwa izi m’magiredi a pulaimale (panalibe sukulu yapakati panobe).

Ziwirizi ndizofanana mwachindunji ngati, pamene wina akuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa, wina akuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa, nthawi zonse mofanana.

Mwachitsanzo:

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Ine 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Pamenepa, Y nthawi zonse amakhala wamkulu kasanu kuposa X. Timatero Proportionality factor ndi 5. Njira yofotokozera chiŵerengerochi ndi y = 5x. Titha kujambula mzere wowongoka y = 5x (1). Chithunzi chofanana cha mzere wowongoka ndi mzere wokwera mofanana. Kuchulukitsa kofanana kwa mtundu umodzi kumayenderana ndi ma increments ofanana ndi enawo. Chifukwa chake, dzina lasamu la ubale wotero ndi: kudalira kwa mzere. Koma sitigwiritsa ntchito.

1. Chithunzi cha ntchito y = 5x (mamba ena pa nkhwangwa)

Tiyeni titembenukire tsopano ku mphamvu. Kodi mphamvu ndi chiyani? Timavomereza kuti uwu ndi mtundu wina wa mphamvu zobisika. "Ndilibe mphamvu zoyeretsa" zimakhala zofanana ndi "ndilibe mphamvu zoyeretsa." Mphamvu ndi mphamvu yobisika yomwe yagona mwa ife ngakhale m'zinthu, ndipo ndi bwino kuiweta kuti ititumikire, ndipo sichimayambitsa chiwonongeko. Timapeza mphamvu, mwachitsanzo, mwa kulipiritsa mabatire.

Kodi kuyeza mphamvu? Ndi zophweka: muyeso wa ntchito yomwe angatichitire. Kodi timayezera mphamvu ndi mayunitsi ati? Monga ntchito. Koma pazolinga za nkhaniyi, tidzayesa mu ... mamita. Mwanjira yanji?! Tiwona.

Chinthu chopachikidwa pamtunda h pamwamba pa chizimezime chili ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Mphamvu imeneyi idzamasulidwa tikamadula ulusi umene thupi limapachikikapo. Kenako adzagwa n’kugwira ntchito, ngakhale angoboola pansi. Chinthu chathu chikawuluka, chimakhala ndi mphamvu ya kinetic, mphamvu ya kayendetsedwe kake.

Titha kuvomereza mosavuta kuti mphamvu zomwe zingatheke ndizofanana ndi kutalika kwa h. Kunyamula katundu mpaka utali wa maola a 2 kudzatitopetsa kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa kukweza kumtunda h. Pamene elevator imatifikitsa ku chipinda chakhumi ndi chisanu, idzawononga magetsi katatu kuposa chachisanu ... (nditatha kulemba chiganizo ichi, ndinazindikira kuti izi sizowona, chifukwa chokwera, kuwonjezera pa anthu, chimanyamulanso. kulemera kwake, komanso kwakukulu - kupulumutsa chitsanzo, muyenera kusintha chikepe, mwachitsanzo, ndi crane yomanga). Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pakufanana kwa mphamvu zomwe zingatheke ku thupi. Kunyamula matani 20 kufika pa utali wa mamita 10 kumafuna magetsi owirikiza kawiri monga matani 10 kufika pa mamita 10. Izi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi ndondomeko E ~ mh, pamene tilde (i.e., ~ sign) ndi chizindikiro chofanana. Pawiri kuchuluka kwake ndikuwirikiza kutalika kwake ndikufanana ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke kanayi.

Kupatsa thupi mphamvu zokhoza mwa kukwezera ku utali winawake sizikanatheka mphamvu yokoka. Ndikuthokoza kwa iye kuti matupi onse amagwa pansi (padziko lapansi). Mphamvu imeneyi imagwira ntchito kuti matupi alandire mathamangitsidwe nthawi zonse. Kodi "kuthamanga kosalekeza" kumatanthauza chiyani? Izi zikutanthawuza kuti thupi lakugwa limangowonjezera liwiro lake - monga momwe galimoto ikuyambira. Imayenda mofulumira komanso mofulumira, koma imathamanga pa liwiro lokhazikika. Posachedwapa tiwona izi ndi chitsanzo.

Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti tikutanthauza kuthamangitsa kugwa kwaulere g. Ndi pafupifupi 10 m/s². Apanso, mwina mungakhale mukudabwa: ndi chiyani chodabwitsa ichi - lalikulu la sekondi? Komabe, ziyenera kumveka mosiyana: sekondi iliyonse kuthamanga kwa thupi lakugwa kumawonjezeka ndi 10 m pamphindi. Ngati nthawi ina imayenda pa liwiro la 25 m / s, ndiye pambuyo pa sekondi ili ndi liwiro la 35 (m / s). Zikuwonekeranso kuti apa tikutanthauza thupi lomwe silimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukana mpweya.

Tsopano tiyenera kuthetsa vuto la masamu. Ganizirani za thupi lomwe langofotokozedwa kumene, lomwe panthawi imodzi liri ndi liwiro la 25 m / s, ndipo pambuyo pachiwiri 35. Kodi lidzayenda bwanji mu sekondi iyi? Vuto ndilakuti liwiro limakhala losinthika ndipo chofunikira ndichofunikira pakuwerengera kolondola. Komabe, zidzatsimikizira zomwe timamva mwachidziwitso: zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana ndi thupi lomwe likuyenda mofanana pa liwiro lapakati: (25 + 35) / 2 = 30 m / sec. - ndipo chifukwa chake 30 m.

Tiyeni tisunthire ku pulaneti lina kwakanthawi, ndi mathamangitsidwe osiyana, kunena 2g. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kumeneko timapeza mphamvu zomwe tingathe kuwirikiza kawiri mofulumira - pokweza thupi mpaka kutalika kawiri. Choncho, mphamvuyi imagwirizana ndi kuthamanga kwa dziko lapansi. Monga chitsanzo, timatenga kuthamangitsidwa kwa kugwa kwaulere. Ndipo chifukwa chake sitikudziwa chitukuko chokhala padziko lapansi ndi mphamvu yosiyana yokopa. Izi zikutifikitsa ku formula ya mphamvu yomwe ingatheke: Е = mwa.

Tsopano tiyeni tidule ulusi umene tinapachikapo mwala wa mass m kutalika kwake h. Mwala wagwa. Ikafika pansi, imagwira ntchito yake - ndi funso laukadaulo, momwe tingaigwiritsire ntchito kuti tipindule.

Tiyeni tijambule graph: thupi la misa m likugwa pansi (omwe amandidzudzula chifukwa cha mawu oti sangagwe, ndiyankha kuti akulondola, choncho ndinalemba kuti zinali pansi!). Padzakhala mkangano wozindikiritsa: chilembo cha m chidzatanthauza mamita ndi misa. Koma tidziwa liti. Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa graph ili pansipa ndikuyankhapo.

Ena angaganize kuti ndi njira zanzeru zowerengera manambala. Koma tiyeni tiyang'ane: ngati thupi lichoka pa liwiro la 50 km / h, lidzafika kutalika kwa 125 m - ndiko kuti, pamene liyima kwa mphindi yochepa, lidzakhala ndi mphamvu ya 1250. m, ndipo iyinso ndi mV²/ 2. Ngati tidayambitsa thupi pa 40 km / h, ndiye kuti liwuluke pa 80 m, kachiwiri mv.²/ 2. Tsopano sitikukayika kuti izi sizinangochitika mwangozi. Tinapeza mmodzi wa Malamulo a Newton oyenda! Zinali zofunikira kukhazikitsa kuyesa kwamalingaliro (o, pepani, dziwani kaye kuthamanga kwa kugwa kwaulere g - malinga ndi nthano, Galileo adachita izi pogwetsa zinthu kuchokera ku nsanja ya Pisa, ngakhale pamapindikira) ndipo koposa zonse: khalani ndi chidziwitso cha manambala. Khulupirirani kuti Ambuye Mulungu wabwino adalenga dziko lapansi potsatira malamulo (omwe angakhale adadzipangira yekha). Mwina anaganiza mumtima mwake, "O, ndipanga malamulo kuti agawidwe awiri." Ndilo theka, zosinthika zambiri zakuthupi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti mutha kukayikira Mlengi wa nthabwala. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku masamu, koma osati lero.

Pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazo, ku Tatras, okwera mapiri adapempha thandizo kuchokera ku umodzi mwa makoma a Morskie Oko. Unali February, kuzizira, masiku ochepa, nyengo yoipa. Opulumutsa anafika kwa iwo masana masana tsiku lotsatira. Anthu okwera mapiriwa ayamba kale kuzizira, anjala, atopa. Wopulumutsayo anapereka woyamba wa iwo thermos wa tiyi otentha. "Ndi shuga?" wokwera phiri anafunsa ndi mawu osamveka. "Inde, ndi shuga, mavitamini ndi circulatory booster." "Zikomo, sindimwa shuga!" - anayankha wokwerayo ndipo anataya chikumbumtima. Mwinanso, woyendetsa njinga yathu yamoto anasonyezanso nthabwala zofanana, zoyenera. Koma nthabwalayo ikanakhala yozama ngati akanausa moyo, tinene kuti: "O, ngati sibwalo ili!".

Pazomwe formula ikunena, ubale E = mv²/ 2? Nchiyani chimayambitsa "square"? Kodi chinsinsi cha ubale wa "square" ndi chiyani? Kuti, mwachitsanzo, kuwirikiza kawiri choyambitsacho kumatulutsa chiwonjezeko kanayi; katatu - kasanu ndi kamodzi, kanayi - kakhumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mphamvu zomwe timakhala nazo tikamayenda pa 20 km / h ndizotsika kanayi kuposa 40, ndipo nthawi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zocheperapo kuposa 80! Ndipo ambiri, taganizirani zotsatira za kugunda pa liwiro la 20 Km / h. ndi zotsatira za kugunda kwa 80 km / h. Chiŵerengero cha zotsatira chimawonjezeka mogwirizana ndi liwiro, ndipo kugawa ndi awiri kumafewetsa izi pang'ono.

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Maholide atha. Ndakhala ndikulemba nkhani kwa zaka zingapo tsopano. Tsopano…ndilibe mphamvu. Ndiyenera kulemba za kusintha kwa maphunziro, komwe kulinso ndi mbali zabwino, koma chisankhocho chinapangidwa mopanda nkhani ndi anthu omwe anali oyenerera zomwe ine ndiri pa ballet (Ndine wonenepa kwambiri ndipo ndili ndi zaka zoposa 70. ).

Komabe, ngati ndili pantchito, ndinenanso za chiwonetsero china chakusazindikira pakati pa atolankhani. Zoonadi, palibe chofanana ndi mtolankhani wochokera ku Olsztyn yemwe adapereka nkhani yayitali pa nkhani ya chinyengo cha ogula ndi opanga. Eya, mtolankhaniyo adalemba kuti, mafuta ochulukirapo adawonetsedwa pa paketi ya batala ngati peresenti, koma sizinafotokozedwe ngati anali pa kilogalamu kapena pa cube yonse ...

Zolakwika zolembedwa ndi mtolankhani A.B. (zoyamba zopeka) mu Tygodnik Powszechny wa July 30 chaka chino, woonda kwambiri. Iye ananena kuti, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa CBOS, anthu 48 pa 41 alionse amene amadziona kuti ndi opembedza kwambiri amakhala ndi maganizo akuti X (kaya atakhala wotani, zilibe kanthu), ndipo 100 peresenti ya anthu amene amachita nawo miyambo yachipembedzo kangapo. kuthandizira sabata X. Izi zikutanthauza, wolemba akulemba, kuti oposa awiri mwa asanu a Akatolika achangu samazindikira X. Ndinayesa kwa nthawi yaitali kuti ndipeze kumene wolembayo adapeza magawo awiri ndi asanu, ndi ... sindikumvetsa. Palibe cholakwika chovomerezeka, popeza ndithudi, polankhula masamu, oposa awiri mwa asanu mwa omwe adafunsidwa akutsutsana ndi X. Mutha kunena kuti oposa theka (48 - 52 = XNUMX).