Kodi magetsi amayenda patali bwanji m'madzi?

Nthaŵi zambiri madzi amaonedwa kuti ndi kondakitala wabwino wa magetsi chifukwa ngati m’madzimo muli madzi ndipo wina wawakhudza, amatha kugwidwa ndi magetsi.

Pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika kuziwona zomwe zingakhale zofunikira. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi mtundu wa madzi kapena kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi mchere zina, ndipo chachiwiri ndi mtunda kuchokera pa mfundo kukhudzana magetsi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zonse ziwiri koma ikuyang'ana pa yachiwiri kufufuza momwe magetsi amayendera m'madzi.

Titha kusiyanitsa magawo anayi mozungulira poyambira magetsi m'madzi (zowopsa, zoopsa, zowopsa, zotetezeka). Komabe, mtunda weniweniwo kuchokera ku gwero la mfundo ndizovuta kudziwa. Zimatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza kupsinjika / kulimba, kugawa, kuya, mchere, kutentha, topografia, ndi njira yosakanizidwa pang'ono.

Miyezo ya mtunda wachitetezo m'madzi imadalira kuchuluka kwa vuto lomwe lilipo mpaka pamlingo wotetezeka wapano (10 mA ya AC, 40 mA ya DC):

• Ngati vuto la AC ndi 40A, mtunda wachitetezo m'madzi a m'nyanja udzakhala 0.18m.
• Ngati chingwe chamagetsi chatsika (pamalo owuma), muyenera kukhala mtunda wa 33 mita (10 metres), womwe ndi utali wa basi. M'madzi, mtunda uwu ungakhale waukulu kwambiri.
• Ngati chowotchera chagwera m'madzi, uyenera kukhala mkati mwa 360 mapazi (110 metres) kuchokera kugwero lamagetsi.

Ndilowa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kudziwa

Ndikofunikira kudziwa utali woti magetsi ayende m’madzi chifukwa pamene pali magetsi kapena pansi pa madzi, aliyense amene wakumana ndi madziwo kapena amene wakumana ndi madziwo amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kugwidwa ndi magetsi.

Zingakhale zothandiza kudziwa mtunda wotetezeka kwambiri kuti mupewe ngoziyi. Pamene chiwopsezochi chingakhalepo pakasefukira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi chidziwitso ichi.

Chifukwa china chodziŵira utali umene mphamvu ya magetsi ingayendere m’madzi ndicho kusodza kwa magetsi, kumene magetsi amadutsa mwadala m’madzimo kuti agwire nsomba.

Mtundu wa madzi

Madzi oyera ndi insulator yabwino. Ngati panalibe mchere kapena mchere wina, chiwopsezo cha kugwedezeka kwa magetsi chikanakhala chochepa chifukwa magetsi sakanatha kuyenda patali mkati mwa madzi oyera. M'zochita, komabe, ngakhale madzi omwe amawoneka bwino amakhala ndi ma ionic mankhwala. Ndi ma ions awa omwe amatha kuyendetsa magetsi.

Kupeza madzi aukhondo omwe sangalowetse magetsi sikophweka. Ngakhale madzi osungunula opangidwa kuchokera ku nthunzi ndi madzi osungunuka okonzedwa m'ma laboratories asayansi amatha kukhala ndi ma ion. Izi zili choncho chifukwa madzi ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chosungunulira mchere, mankhwala, ndi zinthu zina.

Madzi omwe mukuganizira kutalika kwa magetsi sangakhale aukhondo. Madzi apampopi wamba, madzi a mitsinje, madzi a m’nyanja, ndi zina zotero sadzakhala aukhondo. Mosiyana ndi madzi aukhondo ongopeka kapena ovuta kupeza, madzi amchere ndi oyendetsa bwino kwambiri magetsi chifukwa cha mchere wake (NaCl). Izi zimathandiza kuti ma ion aziyenda, monga momwe ma elekitironi amayendera poyendetsa magetsi.

Kutalikirana ndi komwe mwakumana

Monga momwe mungayembekezere, pamene mukuyandikira pafupi ndi madzi ndi gwero la mphamvu yamagetsi, kudzakhala koopsa kwambiri, ndipo kutali, kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri. Mphepo yamkuntho ikhoza kukhala yotsika kwambiri kuti isakhale yoopsa kwambiri pamtunda wina.

Mtunda wochokera kumalo okhudzana ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. M’mawu ena, tifunika kudziwa mmene magetsi amayendera m’madzi madziwo asanafooke kuti akhale otetezeka. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira monga kudziwa kutalika kwa magetsi m'madzi onse mpaka mphamvu yapano kapena voteji ndi yosafunika, pafupi kapena yofanana ndi ziro.

Titha kusiyanitsa magawo otsatirawa kuzungulira poyambira, kuchokera kufupi kupita kumadera akutali:

• Malo oopsa kwambiri -Kukhudzana ndi madzi m'derali kumatha kupha.
• Malo owopsa - Kukhudzana ndi madzi m'derali kungayambitse vuto lalikulu.
• Moderate Risk Zone - M'kati mwa chigawo ichi, mumamva kuti pali madzi m'madzi, koma zoopsa zake zimakhala zochepa kapena zochepa.
• Safe Zone - Mkati mwa chigawochi, muli kutali kwambiri ndi gwero lamagetsi kuti magetsi angakhale owopsa.

Ngakhale tazindikira maderawa, kudziwa mtunda weniweni pakati pawo sikophweka. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zikukhudzidwa pano, kotero tingathe kuziyerekeza.

Samalani! Mukadziwa kumene gwero la magetsi lili m’madzi, muyenera kuyesetsa kukhala kutali ndi madziwo ndipo, ngati mungathe, muzimitsa magetsi.

Kuwunika mtunda wowopsa ndi chitetezo

Titha kuwunika mtunda wowopsa ndi chitetezo kutengera zinthu zisanu ndi zinayi zotsatirazi:

• Kuvuta kapena mphamvu - Kukwera kwamagetsi (kapena kulimba kwa mphezi), kumapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo chamagetsi chiwonjezeke.
• Gawani - Magetsi amawononga kapena kufalikira mbali zonse m'madzi, makamaka pamtunda ndi pafupi ndi pamwamba.
• kuya “Magetsi salowa m’madzi mozama. Ngakhale mphezi imangoyenda mozama pafupifupi mamita 20 isanawonongeke.
• mchere - Mchere wochulukira m'madzi, m'pamenenso amawonjezera magetsi mosavuta. Kusefukira kwa madzi a m'nyanja kumakhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso kutsika kwamadzi (nthawi zambiri ~ 22 ohmcm poyerekeza ndi 420k ohmcm ya madzi amvula).
• Температура Madzi akatentha, mamolekyu ake amayenda mofulumira. Choncho, mphamvu yamagetsi idzakhalanso yosavuta kufalitsa m'madzi ofunda.
• Zojambula pamutu - Maonekedwe a malowa angakhalenso ofunika.
• Njira - Chiwopsezo cha kugwedezeka kwa magetsi m'madzi ndichokwera ngati thupi lanu likhala njira yosakanizidwa pang'ono kuti magetsi aziyenda. Ndinu otetezeka pokhapokha ngati pali njira zina zochepetsera zomwe zikuzungulirani.
• touch point - Ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi zimalimbana mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mkono nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika (~ 160 ohmcm) kuposa torso (~ 415 ohmcm).
• Lumikizani chipangizo - Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu ngati palibe chida cholumikizira kapena ngati chilipo ndipo nthawi yake yochitira ipitilira 20 ms.

Kuwerengera mtunda wachitetezo

Ziwerengero za mtunda wotetezeka zitha kupangidwa potengera malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi pansi pamadzi komanso kafukufuku wamagetsi amagetsi apansi pamadzi.

Popanda kumasulidwa koyenera kuwongolera AC panopa, ngati thupi panopa si kupitirira 10 mA ndi kutsata kutsata thupi ndi 750 ohms, ndiye pazipita otetezeka voteji ndi 6-7.5V. [1] Miyezo ya mtunda wachitetezo m'madzi imadalira kuchuluka kwa vuto lomwe lilipo mpaka pano pachitetezo chathupi (10 mA ya AC, 40 mA ya DC):

• Ngati vuto la AC ndi 40A, mtunda wachitetezo m'madzi a m'nyanja udzakhala 0.18m.
• Ngati chingwe chamagetsi chatsika (pamalo owuma), muyenera kukhala mtunda wa 33 mita (10 metres), womwe ndi utali wa basi. [2] M'madzi, mtunda uwu udzakhala wautali kwambiri.
• Ngati chowotchera chagwera m'madzi, uyenera kukhala mkati mwa 360 mapazi (110 metres) kuchokera kugwero lamagetsi. [3]

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati madzi ali ndi magetsi?

Kupatula funso la momwe magetsi amayendera m'madzi, funso lina lofunikira lingakhale kudziwa momwe mungadziwire ngati madzi ali ndi magetsi.

mfundo yabwino: Shark amatha kuzindikira kusiyana kwa 1 volt makilomita angapo kuchokera kugwero la magetsi.

Koma kodi tingadziwe bwanji ngati madzi akuyenda?

Ngati madziwo ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, mungaganize kuti mudzawona checheche ndi mabawuti mmenemo. Koma sichoncho. Tsoka ilo, simudzawona kalikonse, kotero simungathe kudziwa pongowona madzi. Popanda chida choyesera chamakono, njira yokhayo yodziwira ndikudzimva, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa.

Njira ina yokhayo yodziwira motsimikiza ndikuyesa madzi kuti alipo.

Ngati muli ndi dziwe lamadzi kunyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chodzidzimutsa musanalowemo. Chipangizocho chimayatsa chofiira ngati chimazindikira magetsi m'madzi. Komabe, pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, ndi bwino kukhala kutali ndi komwe kumachokera.

Onani zina mwazolemba zathu pansipa.

• Kodi magetsi ausiku amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri
• Kodi magetsi amatha kudutsa matabwa
• Nayitrogeni amayendetsa magetsi

ayamikira

[1] YMCA. Ndondomeko ya malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito bwino magetsi pansi pa madzi. IMCA D 045, R 015. Yabwezedwa kuchokera ku https://pdfcoffee.com/d045-pdf-free.html. 2010.

[2] BCHydro. Mtunda wotetezeka kuchokera ku zingwe zamagetsi zosweka. Kuchotsedwa ku https://www.bchydro.com/safety-outages/electrical-safety/safe-distance.html.

[3] Reddit. Kodi magetsi angayende patali bwanji m'madzi? Zobwezedwa kuchokera ku https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2wb16v/how_far_can_electricity_travel_through_water/.

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