Momwe mungawerenge chizindikiro cha mafuta a injini pa phukusi? Dziwani kagawidwe ka mafuta amgalimoto ndikuwona kuti mafuta agalimoto ali ndi mtundu wanji

Mafuta a injini ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyendetsa bwino kwagalimoto. Mafuta ocheperako amapaka mkati mwa injini, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kukangana. Zimagwiranso ntchito pakuziziritsa ndi kusindikiza pagalimoto. Onani momwe mungawerengere zilembo zamafuta a injini.

Mitundu yamafuta a injini

Mafuta agalimoto amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu yayikulu. Malingana ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, awa ndi awa: 

• Mafuta opangira amapangidwa pophatikiza mankhwala. Ubwino wawo ndi wapamwamba kuposa wa mitundu ina. Amachita bwino m'malo otentha komanso otsika;
• mafuta osakaniza - amatchedwanso semisynthetics. Amapangidwa pamaziko a mafuta amchere, koma mafuta opangira amawonjezeredwa panthawi yopanga;
• Mafuta a mchere amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta ofunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto akale.

SAE Viscosity Gulu la Mafuta a Magalimoto

Kukhuthala kwa injini yamafuta kumatsimikizira kukana komwe molekyu imodzi yamafuta imadutsa mumzake. Mu mafuta omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe otsika, amayenda mosavuta, ndipo mafuta omwe ali ndi viscosity yapamwamba, amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Kukhuthala kwamafuta a injini kumavoteredwa pamlingo kuchokera ku 0 (kukhuthala otsika) mpaka 60 (kukhuthala kwakukulu). Mafuta a injini awa adapangidwa ndi SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). 

Chitsanzo cha injini mafuta mamasukidwe kalasi kalasi SAE 0W-40. Werengani motere:

• nambala pamaso pa chilembo "W" zimasonyeza mmene mafuta kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha otsika; m'munsi ndi, m'munsi kutentha yozungulira kungakhale;
• nambala yotsatira imasonyeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mafuta pa kutentha kwambiri. Kukwera kwa chiwerengerocho, kumapangitsanso kutentha kozungulira komwe injini ingagwire ntchito.

Kukhuthala kwamafuta a injini - tebulo la miyezo

Kukhuthala kwa kalasi yamafuta a injini kumakupatsani mwayi wosankha mtundu wabwino kwambiri wamadzimadzi pa injini yanu. Malinga ndi gulu la mafuta agalimoto, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

• dzinja;
• chirimwe;
• mafuta a nyengo yonse - tsopano asinthidwa ndi mafuta a nyengo yonse.

Omalizawa amasinthidwa kuti azigwira ntchito m'mikhalidwe yotentha kwambiri komanso yotsika. 

Mafuta a injini - kusankha iti?

Magawo amafuta a injini ndi ofunikira pakuyendetsa koyenera kwagalimoto. Wopanga magalimoto anu amasankha mafuta omwe ali oyenera mtundu wanu. Izi zitha kupezeka mu bukhu la ogwiritsa ntchito. Ichi ndiye chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chiyenera kutsatiridwa posankha mafuta a injini. Ngati muli ndi chidziwitso ichi, ndiye kuti mothandizidwa ndi zilembo zamafuta a injini mudzasankha chinthu choyenera. 

Bukuli lidzakuuzaninso kuti mulingo woyenera wamafuta ndi wotani mu injini yanu. Mwanjira iyi mutha kulingalira kuchuluka kwa zomwe muyenera kuwonjezera.

Mafuta a SAE - mafuta abwino a injini ayenera kukhala chiyani?

Mafuta a injini ya SAE ayenera kukwaniritsa izi:

• Kuthamanga kwakukulu, komwe kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azitha kufika mwachangu kwa wolandila;
• kukhuthala kwakukulu pa kutentha kwakukulu;
• kupirira mu nyengo yachisanu;
• zabwino kinematic mamasukidwe akayendedwe.

API ndi ACEA injini zamtundu wamafuta. Momwe mungawerenge chizindikiro cha mafuta a injini?

Pakati pa zizindikiro za mafuta a injini, mudzapezanso zambiri za khalidwe lake. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa ngati mafuta omwe mumapeza m'sitolo ndi abwino, muyenera kuyang'ana kuti muwone ngati ali ndi zolemba za API ndi ACEA. Chifukwa cha izi, mudzasankha mankhwala omwe ali ndi magawo abwino kwambiri. 

Kodi mtundu wa API ndi chiyani

API ndi mtundu wamafuta omwe adayambitsidwa ndi American Petroleum Institute. Kupaka kwa chinthucho kuyenera kuwonetsa kuti chikukwaniritsa zomwe bungweli limapereka. Mafotokozedwe amafuta awa akufotokozedwa ndi zilembo ziwiri:

• C - amatanthauza injini ya dizilo;
• S - injini ya mafuta.

Kalata yachiwiri ya API ikufanana ndi ubwino wa mafuta. Ma alfabeti akakhala pansi, amakwera kwambiri:

• A mpaka J kwa injini za dizilo;
• A mpaka M kwa injini zamafuta.

Masiku ano, ngakhale mafuta otsika mtengo amakwaniritsa zofunikira za API. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana gulu lapadera la ACEA. 

Kodi mtundu wa ACEA ndi chiyani

Mafuta okhala ndi dzina la ACEA amakhala ndi phulusa lotsika lomwe limatseka zosefera za DPF ndi FAP. Matchulidwe amafuta agalimoto a ACEA amawonetsa zomwe opanga magalimoto aku Europe amafunikira. Bungwe limatsimikizira kuti zinthu zomwe zili nawo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamainjini. 

ACEA imagawidwa m'magulu:

• A - injini zamafuta zamagalimoto;
• B - injini za dizilo zamagalimoto ndi ma minibasi;
• C - magalimoto okhala ndi zotsukira zamakono zotulutsa mpweya;
• E - magalimoto okhala ndi injini za dizilo.

Kalasi iliyonse imapatsidwa nambala yomwe mtengo wake umatsimikizira zofunikira za injini zinazake.

Podziwa zolembera mafuta a injini, muyenera kutchulanso buku lautumiki kapena buku. Kumeneko mudzapeza zambiri za zofunikira pagalimoto iyi. Tsopano mutha kusintha mafuta mosamala!