Omenyera m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi

Masomphenya a 2013 a m'badwo wotsatira wa Boeing F/A-XX womenyedwa ndi anthu (patsogolo) komanso mitundu yopanda anthu. Poyerekeza ndi lingaliro lapitalo, ndegeyo ili ndi mchira wakutsogolo.

Pakalipano, m'mayiko angapo padziko lapansi, ntchito yowunikira, malingaliro ndi mapangidwe akuchitika okhudzana ndi omenyana atsopano (kapena, mozama: machitidwe omenyera nkhondo). Pali zizindikiro zambiri kuti ena a iwo akhoza kukhala oimira oyamba atsopano, 6th generation jet fighter. Ngati zidapangidwa mwanjira yomwe ikuganiziridwa ndipo njira zina zamaluso ndi matekinoloje omwe adakonzedwa akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti ndegezi zidzakhala ndi mphamvu zolimbana kwambiri kuposa omenyera omwe alipo lero.

Kugawidwa kwa omenyera ndege m'mibadwo kumakhala kovomerezeka ndipo kumawoneka mosiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Kutsatira United States, akuvomerezedwa Kumadzulo kuti m'badwo wachisanu ndi m'badwo wotsiriza. Izi zikuphatikiza ndege zaku America (zankhondo) Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor ndi F-35 Lightning II, Russian Su-57 ndi Chinese Chengdu J-20 ndi Shenyang J-31. Mawonekedwe awo ofunikira kwambiri ndi awa: kuchepetsedwa kwa wailesi ndi mawonekedwe otenthetsera (chobisika), kutha kuwuluka pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma avionics ophatikizika a digito, radar yokhala ndi sikani yamagetsi yogwira AFAR (Active Electronics Scanned Array), yogwira ntchito. pakuzindikirika kwapang'onopang'ono mu LPI (Low Probability of Intercept) mode, injini thrust vectoring kapena makamera amkati a zida. Osati onse omenyera m'badwo wa 5 omwe ali ndi zida zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa, koma ngakhale zina ndizokwanira kusiyanitsa ndi makina omangidwa kale.

"M'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi" mpaka pano ndi lingaliro wamba komanso nthawi yomweyo mawu oti akuyenera kutsindika kuti omenyera omwe ali nawo adzakhala otsogola mwaukadaulo kuposa ndege za m'badwo wa 5 kapena adzakhala olowa m'malo awo. Mayankho achindunji omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuthekera kolimbana nawo atha kupezeka pokhapokha chivomerezo cha projekiti yomaliza, kapena m'malo mwake pambuyo pomanga ndi kuyesa chitsanzo cha imodzi mwa ndegezi (machitidwe).

Komabe, lero pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe omenyera m'badwo wa 6 amatha kusiyanitsa. Popeza palibe wankhondo wa m'badwo wa 5 yemwe anali ndi kuthekera kolimbana mwachindunji ndi mdani wa m'badwo womwewo, zomwe zimaganiziridwa komanso zokonzedwa bwino za omenyera m'badwo wa 6 ndizotsatira za kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndiukadaulo komanso zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, osati zochitika zenizeni zankhondo.

Zomverera dongosolo

Integrated complex of active and passive multispectral sensors - multifunctional radar station, televizioni, zithunzi zotentha ndi makamera owonera usiku, komanso zowunikira ma radiation ena amagetsi, kuthekera kopeza zambiri kuchokera kumagwero ambiri, kuphatikiza akunja (kudzera pa data ya Broadband). kusintha njira mu nthawi yeniyeni) , idzakulitsa kuzindikira kwa woyendetsa ndikulola kuzindikira kwa ndege zodziwika bwino. Ulalo wolumikizirana wosagwirizana ndi EMI udzalola kuti ndegeyo iphatikize bwino ndi zida zina zabwalo lankhondo lapa network ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito zolumikizana (mwachitsanzo, ndi ndege zina, magalimoto osayendetsedwa ndi ndege, zida zankhondo "zanzeru", zowuluka za drones).

Ma network a antennas "ophatikizidwa" mu khungu la airframe, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi radar ndi kudziteteza (nkhondo yamagetsi), chizindikiritso, kuyenda, mauthenga ndi machitidwe osinthanitsa deta adzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komanso, ngakhale masauzande masauzande a ma microsensors osiyanasiyana amatha "kuphatikizidwa" mu casing, kuyeza, mwachitsanzo, kutentha, kuthamanga, kuthamanga, kuthamanga, voteji, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi kugawa kwawo pamtunda wa airframe (khungu lanzeru). .

Masomphenya oyambirira a m'badwo wotsatira wankhondo wa Boeing FX/NGAD.

Integrated Avionics

Chinthu china chofunikira chosiyanitsa ndi omenyana ndi mbadwo wa 6 chidzaphatikizidwa kwambiri kuposa lero, ma avionics apamwamba omwe ali ndi zomangamanga zotseguka, ndi mawonekedwe abwino a makina a anthu (pankhani ya ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi anthu). Zigawo zosiyana (ma modules) a avionics adzatha kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta wamba, otembenuza, amplifiers ndi zipangizo zina, mogwira mtima pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo (kukumbukira, nthawi ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mapurosesa, magetsi). Ayenera kulumikizidwa ndi mabasi a data a fiber optic okhala ndi bandwidth yokwera kwambiri. Makina apakompyuta owuluka pang'onopang'ono akuyeneranso kukhazikika paukadaulo wamaulendo opepuka kapena ukadaulo wopanda zingwe.

Kuti muwonjezere kulumikizana kwa woyendetsa ndi makina apamtunda, chiwonetsero chokwera chisoti pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowonjezera kapena wowona zenizeni (Augmented Reality, AR kapena Virtual Reality, VR), chiwonetsero chazithunzi ndi manja ndi / kapena kuwongolera mawu. kukhazikitsidwa. kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapulogalamu apakompyuta adzagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms a intelligence (AI), chifukwa chomwe ndege yoyendetsa ndege idzatha kupanga chisankho chabwino kwambiri panthawi yeniyeni, idzapatsa woyendetsa ndegeyo chidziwitso chofunika kwambiri komanso chofunikira panthawiyi, ndipo adzadziimira payekha. wongolerani ma UAV, ma drones ndi zida "zanzeru".

Chida chatsopano

Omenyera nkhondo a m'badwo wa 6 adzalandira mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu ya zida - zida zakutali zamlengalenga ndi mpweya ndi mpweya kupita pansi, zida zoponya "zanzeru" komanso mabomba owongolera, zida zankhondo zambiri, zida zamphamvu (Zida Zamphamvu Zowongolera). , MAWA). Pamapeto pake, awa ndi "mfuti" za laser kapena microwave zomwe zimatha kuwononga kapena kungolepheretsa ("khungu") chandamale, malingana ndi zosowa.

Atayikidwa mu "nsanja" yozungulira, chidebe kapena malo angapo pa airframe, amatha kuphimba malo onse ozungulira ndegeyo, zomwe zingathe kuwononga mivi yowuluka kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana. Ubwino wawo ndi kulondola komanso kuthamanga kwa ntchito komanso "zipolopolo" zopanda malire. Zida zamphamvu, komabe, zimakhala ndi zovuta ziwiri zazikulu - zimafunikira gwero lamphamvu kwambiri lamphamvu ndikupanga kutentha kwakukulu, kutayika komwe ndi chimodzi mwamavuto akulu kwambiri panjira yogwiritsira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pa zida “zanzeru” (zoponya zapanyanja, maroketi ndi mabomba otsogozedwa), pali nkhani zochulukirachulukira za magulu osayendetsedwa ndi anthu. Awa ndi ma UAV ang'onoang'ono, omwe amadziwikanso kuti zida zongoyendayenda kapena ma drones odzipha, omwe ndi zida, osati zonyamulira. Gulu la khumi ndi awiri, khumi ndi awiri, kapena ma drones ang'onoang'ono mazana angapo adzakhala ovuta kwambiri kuwononga kuposa roketi imodzi kapena bomba (komanso yotsika mtengo) ndipo adzakhala ndi mwayi wodabwitsa womwe akufuna. ma drone ndi zida zanzeru

Chitsogozo chachilengedwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito womenya nkhondo yokhala ndi ma avionics ochulukirapo komanso dongosolo lowongolera moto ngati ndege yoyambira, kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera zochita za ma UAV, ma drones ndi zida "zanzeru". Ma UAV, ma drones ndi zoponya zidzanyamulidwa mwina ndi ndege yankhondo kapena nsanja ina yamlengalenga (monga ndege yonyamula katundu) yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati zida zowuluka. Pomalizira pake, ndege ya arsenal ikanakhala kunja kwa dera lachitetezo cha adani ndipo idzayambitsa ma UAV, ma drones ndi zoponya "polamula" kuchokera kwa womenya nkhondo yolowera kumalo a adani. Izi, zidzakhalanso ndi udindo wozindikira, kuzindikira ndi kutchula zolinga ndi kugwirizanitsa ziwopsezo.

Mitundu ya injini zatsopano

M'kanthawi kochepa, palibe kusintha komwe kukuyembekezeka m'derali - injini za jet turbine jet zipitiliza kukhala gwero lalikulu la kayendetsedwe ka ndege zankhondo. Kupatula apo, ntchito ikuchitika pamitundu yatsopano ya osuntha otere. Zomwe zatsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa ndi ma injini omwe ali ndi magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana oyendetsa ndege komanso kuponderezana (Variable Cycle Engine, VCE kapena Adaptive Cycle Engine, ACE), zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wothamanga kwambiri kapena kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kutengera zosowa zapano (ndege).

Injini yotereyi idzagwira ntchito bwino mumayendedwe onse othamanga - pa liwiro lotsika, mawonekedwe ake adzakhala ofanana ndi a injini ya turbojet yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwapawiri, komanso kuthamanga kwambiri - ku injini ya turbojet yokhala ndi digiri yochepa. wa maulendo awiri. mphamvu ziwiri. Kuonjezera apo, kutentha komwe kumachotsedwa ku zida zamphamvu ndi machitidwe ena amagetsi a ndege angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutenthetsa mpweya mu injini, zomwe zingachepetse kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta ndi kupititsa patsogolo mafuta.

Zida zatsopano zomangira ndi njira zopangira

Pankhaniyi, tikukamba za mitundu yatsopano ya composites, polyamides, graphene, nanomaterials, metamatadium. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo pakupanga ndi khungu la airframe kumalola osati kuchepetsa kulemera kwake (komwe nthawi zonse kwakhala cholinga cha okonza), komanso kuonjezera moyo wa ndege (chifukwa cha mtengo waukulu wa chitukuko ndi chabwino- kukonza, okhawo omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri adzakhala ovomerezeka pazachuma), komanso kukulitsa luso laukadaulo lochepetsera kuwoneka (zobisika).

Zomangamanga zodzichiritsa zimaganiziridwanso, i.e. kudzibwezeretsanso zotayika zazing'ono zomwe zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi zidutswa. Monga m'makampani amagalimoto, maloboti ogulitsa mafakitale, etc. ma cobots kapena maloboti ogwirizana, omwe angachepetse kwambiri mtengo wopangira.

Ndege zopanda munthu

Tikukamba za galimoto yopangidwa mwachisawawa (OPV), kapena m'malo mwake galimoto yopanda munthu. Ma avionics ochuluka, masensa, ndi makompyuta oyendetsa ndege (kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi ndege) adzachotsa woyendetsa ndegeyo kuchokera ku cockpit ndikusintha womenya nkhondo ya 6th kukhala UAV yodziyimira yokha yomwe idzagwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha komanso kupanga ma UAV ena kapena ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi anthu. (monga "wokhulupirika wingman").

Kale pa ntchito yomanga ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali a m'badwo wa 5, akatswiri ambiri adanena kuti adzakhala ndege yomaliza yomenyana ndi woyendetsa ndege. Komabe, chifukwa cha malire aukadaulo, malamulo azamalamulo komanso nkhawa zamakhalidwe, sizokayikitsa lero kuti ma UAV odziyimira pawokha azikhala maziko a zida za Air Force. Komabe, nthawi zina kapena mkangano waukulu wa zida, kusungitsa kumeneku kumataya kufunikira kwake, kuphatikiza pano lingaliro la OPV.

Kuchepetsa kuzindikirika

Chilichonse chikuwonetsa kuti zinthu zobisika sizitaya mtengo wake, ngakhale siziyenera kukhala zofunika kwambiri. Komabe, kuthekera kogwira ntchito m'malo odzaza kwambiri ndi njira zotsogola za Anti-Access/ Area-Denial (A2/AD) - kapena, mulimonse, mwayi wopulumuka mumikhalidwe yotere - idzakhala yofunikira. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a aerodynamic ndi mawonekedwe a airframe azitsatirabe kuchokera ku chikhumbo chochepetsera gawo lothandiza la chiwonetsero cha radar (Radar Cross-Section, RCS). Pazifukwa zomwezo, khungu la ndege lidzapangidwa ndi zida ndi zida zomwe zimayamwa ma radiation a electromagnetic (Radar Absorbing Materials, RAM ndi Radar Absorbing Structure, RAS) ndikuchepetsa siginecha yamafuta (Infrared Topcoat). Mukhozanso kuyembekezera makamera amfuti amkati.

Pachifukwa chomwecho, zida zonse ndi masensa (kuyenda, kuona, nkhondo zamagetsi) zidzamangidwa mu airframe, osati mu mawonekedwe a zitsulo zoyimitsidwa pansi pa fuselage kapena mapiko. Kuyika kwawo kudzafuna miniaturization yawo, kuwonjezeka kwa airframe ndi / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito dziwe wamba la makompyuta, amplifiers, majenereta amagetsi, otembenuza, machitidwe ozizira, tinyanga, ndi zina zotero ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi masensa.

Chitetezo cha cyber komanso kuukira kwa cyber

Omenyera m'badwo wa 6 adzakhala "odzaza" ndi zamagetsi ndipo amadalira makompyuta ndi ma data a digito. Chifukwa chake, kutetezedwa kwa ma avionics ku kusokonezedwa kwa ma elekitiroma ndi ma hacker (cyber attack) kudzakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Momwemonso, chitukuko chofulumira cha njira zotetezera mpweya (malo opangira ma radar, mizinga) zidzapanga njira yodzitetezera (nkhondo yamagetsi) kukhala yofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, wankhondo wa m'badwo wa 6 ayenera kumenya nkhondo yogwira ntchito pakompyuta osati pongowongolera komanso kusokoneza ma radiation a electromagnetic, komanso pakuwukira kwapaintaneti pa intaneti ya mdani wa IT.

Kuchita kwakukulu

Mwachidziwitso, msilikali wa m'badwo wa 6 ayenera kuzindikira ndi kuwononga zolinga kuchokera patali kwambiri kotero kuti sipayenera kukhala misonkhano ndi nkhondo zamlengalenga pafupi. Komabe, kuthamanga kwambiri kukulolani kuti muchepetse nthawi yofikira komwe mukupita, motero, muchepetse nthawi yoyankha ku ziwopsezo zomwe zikubwera. M'malo mwake, palibe funso la kuthamanga kwa hypersonic, chifukwa izi zingafune kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo pamapangidwe a airframe ndi magetsi. Utali wautali umakupatsani mwayi kuti mugwiritse ntchito kutali ndi zoyambira zanu komanso popanda kuthandizidwa ndi akasinja owuluka, zomwe zimawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omenyera nkhondo, komanso kufulumizitsa nthawi yochitira.

Supermaneuverability

Kuwongolera kwakukulu, kuphatikiza pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri, kumawonjezera mwayi wopewa kuwopseza (mivi yolimbana ndi ndege) komanso mwayi wokhala ndi njira yabwino pankhondo yamlengalenga (ngati zidachitika). Mwinamwake, ma nozzles osunthika adzakhala muyezo, kukulolani kuti muwongolere mayendedwe oyendetsa ndege mu ndege imodzi, ndipo potero kusintha maonekedwe a ndegeyo. Kuletsa pankhaniyi kudzakhala kukana kwa thupi la woyendetsa kuti lichulukitse (umene ndi mkangano wina wokomera OPV).

Zowongolera za Aerodynamic zimapanga dongosolo limodzi lodziwongolera. Ndi mbali iti yomwe idzapendekeke komanso mbali iti yomwe kompyuta yoyang'anira ndege idzasankhe potsatira malangizo a woyendetsa ndege. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pakagwa kulephera kapena kuwonongeka kwa malo amodzi kapena angapo, ntchito zawo zidzatengedwa ndi ena onse.

Masomphenya a Boeing a 2016 omenyera m'badwo wotsatira wa FX/NGAD.

Multitasking

Izi zidzayendetsedwa ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito osati ndi luso la ndege pa se. Lingaliro limeneli silidzatanthauza kokha kutha kumenyana ndi zolinga zilizonse (mpweya, nthaka ndi nyanja), komanso - ndipo, mwinamwake, ngakhale pamwamba pa zonse - kuthekera kochita kafukufuku, kufufuza ndi nkhondo zamagetsi, kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza zidziwitso mu nthawi yeniyeni, kuzindikira ndi kufotokoza zolinga za zida zina zomenyera nkhondo, kulumikizana ndi ndege zina, zombo ndi zida zankhondo zapansi panthaka, komanso kuwongolera ma UAV, ma drone ndi zida zanzeru.

Kutengeka ndi zamakono

Ma Avionics ndi zida zowunikira ziyenera kukhala modular kuti zitha kusinthidwa mosavuta ngati pakufunika komanso / kapena kukonzanso mtsogolo. Pongoganiza kupita patsogolo kwasayansi ndiukadaulo (makamaka zamagetsi) komanso moyo wautali wautumiki wa ndege, ndizotsimikizika kuti mayankho omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, akuti, 2040 m'zaka makumi atatu adzakhala osatha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti adzafunika kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano. .

Zina mwazothetsera ndi matekinoloje omwe tafotokozedwa pamwambapa akhala akudziwika kwa zaka zambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wocheperako kapena wokulirapo (ngakhale osati kwenikweni mu ndege zankhondo). Ena akuyesedwabe kapena akukonzedwa. Titha kuganiziridwa kuti kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndiukadaulo kudzalola posachedwa kuthana ndi zolephera zomwe zilipo kapena zamtsogolo komanso zovuta. Vuto lalikulu lidzakhala kuphatikiza zinthu zonse kukhala dongosolo limodzi logwirizana, logwira mtima, logwira mtima komanso lodalirika, lomwe limatchedwa "m'badwo wa 6" womenya nkhondo.