Mbiri yamagalimoto amafuta a hydrogen

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 ndi koyambirira kwa 2010 kudakwera kwambiri magalimoto a haidrojeni omwe adayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Ngati ndinu mtundu wa munthu yemwe sanadziwebe osewera a DVD ndipo mungakonde kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wanu kumayenda pa liwiro la kamba kuposa kalulu, lingaliro la magalimoto a haidrojeni lingakupangitseni kulakalaka masiku omwe ma pennies. ankalamulira misewu. 

Magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni angawoneke ngati owopsa m'tsogolomu, koma ndiukadaulo wamayendedwe omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe mukuganizira. 

Ndani anapanga galimoto yoyamba ya haidrojeni? 

Galimoto yoyamba yoyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) inali ngati chipangizo chozunzirapo anthu kuposa china chomwe chingakufikitseni kumeneko modalirika, ndipo inapangidwa ndi François Isaac de Rivaz wa ku Switzerland mu 1807 pogwiritsa ntchito baluni ya mpweya wotentha yodzaza ndi haidrojeni. hydrogen ndi oxygen. Mwaukadaulo, izi zitha kutchedwa galimoto yoyamba ya haidrojeni, ngakhale kuti galimoto yamakono ya hydrogen sinawonekere mpaka patatha zaka 150. 

Mbiri yama cell amafuta a hydrogen

Pamene moyo unali wozizira moti munthu wamba akanatha kukhala ndi ntchito zitatu panthaŵi imodzi (unali 1847), katswiri wa zamankhwala, loya, ndi fizikiki William Grove anapanga selo yogwira ntchito yamafuta, yotchedwanso chipangizo chimene chimatembenuza mphamvu ya mankhwala a hydrogen ndi hydrogen. mpweya. mu magetsi, zomwe zinamupatsa ufulu wodzitamandira ndi amene anayambitsa mafuta a cell.

Mbiri yama cell cell idayamba pomwe ntchito ya Groves idakulitsidwa ndi injiniya wachingelezi Francis Thomas Bacon pakati pa 1939 ndi 1959, pomwe galimoto yamakono yoyamba yamafuta inali thirakitala yaulimi ya Allis-Chalmers yokhala ndi cell yamafuta ya 15 kW kumapeto kwa 1950. zaka XNUMX. 

Galimoto yoyamba yamsewu yogwiritsa ntchito mafuta inali Chevrolet Electrovan, yomwe idafika mu 1966 kuchokera ku General Motors ndipo idadzitamandira pamtunda wa 200 km komanso liwiro lalikulu la 112 km / h. 

Hydrogen idagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati gwero lamafuta opangira zida zamlengalenga muzaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 90s, koma pofika 2001 matanki oyamba a 700 bar (10000 psi) adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, osintha masewera chifukwa ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto ndikukulitsa ndege. osiyanasiyana. 

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 ndi koyambirira kwa 2010 kudakwera kwambiri magalimoto a haidrojeni omwe adayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2008, Honda adatulutsa FCX Clarity yomwe inalipo kuti ibwereke kwa makasitomala ku Japan ndi Southern California, ngakhale idasamutsidwira kumalo osungirako magalimoto akuluakulu mu 2015.

Pafupifupi magalimoto ena a 20 opangidwa ndi hydrogen apangidwa ngati ma prototypes kapena ma demos, kuphatikizapo F-Cell hydrogen fuel electric galimoto (FCEV, osati "FCV" monga momwe anthu ena amatchulira) kuchokera ku Mercedes-Benz, HydroGen4 kuchokera ku General motors. ndi Hyundai ix35 FCEV.

Magalimoto a haidrojeni: chomwe chiri, chomwe chidzakhala posachedwapa 

Hyundai Nexo

Mlandu wamagalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni ngati njira yoyendetsera bwino idakula pomwe Hyundai idakhazikitsa Nexo ku Korea mu 2018, komwe idagulitsa mayunitsi opitilira 10,000 pamtengo wofanana ndi AU $ 84,000. 

Nexo ikugulitsidwanso ku US (m'chigawo chobiriwira cha California), UK ndi Australia, komwe imapezeka mwapadera ku boma ndi mabizinesi akulu kuyambira Marichi 2021, ndikupangitsa kuti FCEV ikhale yoyamba kupezeka pa malonda pa. nyanja zathu. 

Pakadali pano, malo okhawo a Nexo omwe amawotcha mafuta ku New South Wales ndi likulu la Hyundai ku Sydney, ngakhale kuli malo opangira mafuta a semi-state ku Canberra komwe boma labwereketsa ma hydrogen FCEV angapo. 

Malo osungiramo gasi wa hydrogen amatha kukhala malita 156.5, pomwe Nexo imatha kuyenda mtunda wa 666 km pamagetsi amagetsi a 120 kW/395 Nm.

Kuonjezera mafuta a Nexo - ndi magalimoto onse a haidrojeni - kumatenga mphindi zochepa chabe, zomwe ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa magalimoto amagetsi omwe amatenga paliponse kuyambira mphindi 30 mpaka maola 24 kuti azilipiritsa. 

Toyota Mirai

M'badwo woyamba Mirai FCEV anaonekera ku Japan mu 2014, ndipo posachedwapa anamasulidwa m'badwo wachiwiri Baibulo kale splash mu TV, kuika mbiri dziko mtunda wa makilomita 1,360 pa thanki zonse 5.65 makilogalamu wa haidrojeni.

Monga Hyundai, Toyota ikuyembekeza kuti zomangamanga za ku Australia za hydrogen refueling zidzatulutsidwa mofulumira kotero kuti zikhoza kugulitsa ma FCEV ake kwa ogula, ndipo Mirais yobwereketsa ya ku Australia imangowonjezera mafuta pamalo amodzi a Toyota ku Alton, Victoria. 

Kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo ma hydrogen ndi 141 malita, ndipo mayendedwe oyenda ndi 650 km.

Zithunzi za H2X

FCEV H2X Global yaku Australia iyamba kutumiza injini yake ya Warrego ute hydrogen mu Epulo 2022. 

Mitengo yamitengo isanakwane si ya anthu ofooka mtima: $189,000 ya Warrego 66, $235,000 ya Warrego 90, ndi $250,000 ya Warrego XR.

Matanki a hydrogen okwera m'bwalo amalemera 6.2 kg (kusiyana 500 km) kapena 9.3 kg (kusiyana 750 km).

Komanso…

Hyundai Staria FCEV ikukula, monganso ma FCEV ochokera ku Kia, Genesis, Ineos Automotive (Grenadier 4×4) ndi Land Rover (iconic Defender).