Momwe musalakwitse posankha mafuta opangira mafuta

Kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene eni ake ambiri amayendetsa nyengo ya injini ndi makina ake odzola, kusankha koyenera kwa mafuta a injini kumakhala koyenera kwambiri kotero kuti pambuyo pake sichidzapweteka ndikumvera chisoni injini yowonongeka.

Kuti mumvetsetse kufunika kofunikira kofunikira pakusankha mafuta agalimoto yamagalimoto "zamadzimadzi", ndizomveka kutembenukira kuzinthu zina zaukadaulo zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo, komanso njira zopangira. Dziwani kuti masiku ano, popanga mafuta amoto amakono, zinthu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma gawo lalikulu kwambiri (mwachiwerengero) limayimiridwanso ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu - zowonjezera zapadera ndi mafuta oyambira.

Ponena za mafuta oyambira, malo akuluakulu ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi monga American Petroleum Institute (API) amawagawa m'magulu asanu. Awiri oyambirira amaperekedwa kwa mafuta amchere, gulu lachitatu limaphatikizapo mafuta otchedwa hydrocracking, gulu lachinayi limaphatikizapo mafuta opangidwa ndi PAO (polyalphaolefin), ndipo chachisanu ndi chirichonse chomwe sichikhoza kugawidwa molingana ndi makhalidwe a magulu anayi oyambirira.

Makamaka, gulu lachisanu lero limaphatikizapo zigawo za mankhwala monga esters kapena polyglycols. Iwo alibe chidwi kwenikweni kwa ife, kotero tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule mbali za "maziko" aliwonse olembedwa m'magulu 1-4.

Mafuta amchere amchere

Mafuta amchere akukhala ochepa komanso ocheperako chifukwa katundu wawo sakukwaniranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamainjini amakono amagalimoto onyamula anthu. Masiku ano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina am'mibadwo yakale. Zombo zamagalimoto zoterezi pamsika waku Russia zikadali zofunika kwambiri, kotero "madzi amchere" akugwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi ife, ngakhale kuti salinso otchuka monga, kunena, zaka khumi kapena khumi ndi zisanu zapitazo.

Mafuta a Hydrocracking

Malinga ndi akatswiri amsika, magwiridwe antchito amafuta a hydrocracked amayenera kuwongolera luso nthawi zonse. Zokwanira kunena kuti m'badwo waposachedwa wa "hydrocracking", wotengera HC-synthesis (Hydro Craking Synthese Technology), siwotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mafuta opangidwa mokwanira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, gulu la hydrocracking limagwirizanitsa bwino zinthu zofunika kwambiri za ogula monga kupezeka, mtengo ndi mphamvu.

Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera pazomwe zili pamwambazi kuti mafuta ambiri amakono omwe amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a OEM (ndiko kuti, amapangidwa kuti azidzazitsa koyamba pamzere wamagalimoto a automaker inayake) amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maziko opangidwa ndi HC. Chomwe, chifukwa chake, posachedwapa chachititsa kuti chiwonjezeko chiwonjezeke komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mitengo ya gulu ili la mafuta oyambira.

Mafuta opangidwa kwathunthu

Mawu akuti "mafuta opangidwa mokwanira" poyambirira adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga kutanthauza kusinthika kwamakono kwamafuta. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, msika wamafuta opangira mafuta amadzimadzi wagawika m'magulu awiri: "madzi amchere" ndi mafuta opangidwa kwathunthu (opangidwa kwathunthu). Kumbali inayi, izi zidayambitsa mikangano yambiri komanso yomveka pakugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "zopangidwa kwathunthu" palokha.

Mwa njira, zidzavomerezedwa mwalamulo ku Germany kokha, ndiyeno pokhapokha ngati maziko a polyalphaolefin (PAO) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta agalimoto, popanda zowonjezera zamafuta ena oyambira kuchokera kumagulu owerengeka 1, 2 kapena 3.

Komabe, kupezeka kwapadziko lonse pamalonda a PAO maziko, kuphatikizidwa ndi mtengo wake wokwera kwambiri, kunakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakadali pano opanga nthawi zambiri sagwiritsanso ntchito PAO maziko mu mawonekedwe ake oyera - pafupifupi nthawi zonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zigawo zotsika mtengo kuchokera ku gulu la hydrocracking.

Chifukwa chake, amayesa kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina opanga magalimoto. Koma, tikubwereza kachiwiri, m'mayiko angapo (mwachitsanzo, ku Germany), mafuta oterowo "osakaniza" sangatchulidwenso kuti "opangidwa mwathunthu", chifukwa mawuwa akhoza kusokeretsa ogula.

Komabe, makampani aku Germany amalola "ufulu wina waukadaulo" popanga mafuta awo, ndikuchotsa "hydrocracking" yotsika mtengo ngati yopangidwa kwathunthu. Mwa njira, zigamulo zolimba za Khothi Lalikulu la Germany zatengedwa kale motsutsana ndi angapo mwamakampani otere. Khothi Lalikulu Kwambiri ku Federal Republic of Germany linanena momveka bwino kuti mafuta okhala ndi zowonjezera za HC-synthesized base sangatchulidwe mwanjira iliyonse "yopangidwa kwathunthu".

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mafuta a injini a 100% PAO okha amatha kuonedwa kuti ndi "opangidwa mokwanira" pakati pa Ajeremani, omwe, makamaka, amaphatikizapo mzere wa mankhwala a Synthoil kuchokera ku kampani yodziwika bwino ya Liqui Moly. Mafuta ake ali ndi dzina la Volsynthetisches Leichtlauf Motoroil lolingana ndi kalasi yawo. Mwa njira, zinthuzi zimapezekanso pamsika wathu.

Malingaliro achidule

Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zingapezeke kuchokera ku ndemanga ya "AvtoVzglyad portal"? Iwo ali ophweka - mwiniwake wa galimoto yamakono (ndipo makamaka - galimoto yamakono yachilendo), posankha mafuta a injini, momveka bwino sayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi mawu akuti "pakhomo" omwe amaperekedwa ndi lingaliro limodzi kapena "lovomerezeka".

Chigamulocho chiyenera kupangidwa, choyamba, pamaziko a ndondomeko zomwe zili mu malangizo oyendetsa galimoto. Ndipo pogula, onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga za kapangidwe kazinthu zomwe mukufuna kugula. Ndi njira iyi yokha, inu, monga wogula, mudzakhala otetezeka kwathunthu.