Indian Ocean pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, gawo 2

Msilikali wa Grumman Martlet wa 888th Fleet Air Arm, yemwe akugwira ntchito kuchokera ku chonyamulira cha HMS Formidalbe, akuwulukira pa HMS Warspite, sitima yankhondo yopambana kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 1942; Meyi XNUMX

Poyamba, nyanja ya Indian Ocean inali njira yayikulu yodutsa pakati pa Europe ndi Far East ndi India. Pakati pa anthu a ku Ulaya, British - ndendende chifukwa cha India, ngale mu korona wa ufumu - anapereka chidwi kwambiri ku Indian Ocean. Sikokokomeza kunena kuti ufumu wa atsamunda wa Britain unali ndi madera omwe anali panyanja ya Indian Ocean ndi njira zopitako.

Kumapeto kwa 1941 - pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa Italy East Africa ndi kugonjetsa mayiko a Persian Gulf - mphamvu ya Great Britain mumtsinje wa Indian Ocean inkawoneka yosatsutsika. Madera atatu okha - Mozambique, Madagascar ndi Thailand - anali kunja kwa ulamuliro wa London. Mozambique, komabe, inali ya Portugal, dziko lomwe silinalowererepo, koma kwenikweni bwenzi lakale kwambiri la Britain. Akuluakulu aku France aku Madagascar sanafunebe kugwirizana, koma analibe mphamvu kapena mphamvu zowononga nkhondo ya Allied. Thailand sinali yamphamvu kwambiri, koma - motsutsana ndi France - idawoneka ngati yachifundo kwa aku Britain.

Pa September 22-26, 1940, gulu lankhondo la Japan linachita ntchito yankhondo kumpoto kwa Indochina ndipo, pambuyo pa kukana kwanthaŵi yochepa kwa Afalansa, anayang’anira dera lonselo.

Ndizowona kuti Nyanja ya Indian Ocean idakhudzidwa ndi achifwamba a Germany ndi sitima zapamadzi - koma zotayika zomwe zidabwera nazo zinali zophiphiritsira. Dziko la Japan likhoza kukhala lowopsa, koma mtunda wapakati pa likulu la Japan, Tokyo, ndi Singapore - malo ankhondo apanyanja pamalire a madzi a Indian ndi Pacific Ocean - ndi wofanana ndi mtunda wapakati pa New York ndi London. Zipolowe zambiri zandale zidapangidwa ndi Msewu wa Burma, womwe United States idapereka kwa aku China akumenyana ndi Japan.

M’chilimwe cha 1937, nkhondo inayambika pakati pa China ndi Japan. Sizinapite molingana ndi mapulani a Chiang Kai-shek - mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Kuomintang, akulamulira Republic of China. Anthu a ku Japan anathamangitsa zigawenga za ku China, anayamba kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo anapitirizabe, kulanda likulu la Nanjing ndikuyesera kukhazikitsa mtendere. Komabe, Chiang Kai-shek ankafuna kuti apitirize nkhondoyo - adawerengera mwayi wowerengera, adathandizidwa ndi Soviet Union ndi United States, kumene zida ndi alangizi ankhondo adachokera. M’chilimwe cha 1939, panali ndewu pakati pa Ajapani ndi Asovieti pamtsinje wa Chałchin-Goł (pafupi ndi mzinda wa Nomonhan). Red Army anayenera kukwaniritsa bwino kwambiri kumeneko, koma kwenikweni, chifukwa cha "chipambano" Moscow anasiya kupereka thandizo Chiang Kai-shek.

Mothandizidwa ndi Chiang Kai-shek wa ku America, Japan analimbana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzirira mabuku

wapakatikati - kudula Chinese. Mu 1939, asilikali a ku Japan analanda madoko a kum’mwera kwa China. Panthawiyo, thandizo la America ku China lidatumizidwa ku madoko a French Indochina, koma mu 1940 - pambuyo poti Paris idalandidwa ndi Ajeremani - a French adavomera kuti atseke zopita ku China. Panthawiyo, thandizo la ku America linawoloka nyanja ya Indian Ocean kupita ku madoko a Burma ndi kupitirira - kudzera mumsewu wa Burma - kupita ku Chiang Kai-shek. Chifukwa cha nkhondo ku Ulaya, a British adagwirizananso ndi zofuna za Japan kuti atseke ulendo wopita ku China.

Ku Tokyo, 1941 zinanenedweratu kuti kudzakhala chaka cha kutha kwa nkhondo ku China. Ku Washington, komabe, chigamulo chothandizira Chiang Kai-shek chinatsimikiziridwa, ndipo adatsimikizanso kuti popeza kunali kosatheka kupereka China ndi zida zankhondo, kuperekedwa kwa zida zankhondo ku Japan kuyenera kutsekedwa. Chiletsocho chinali - ndipo chikuwoneka ngati chankhanza chomwe chinali casus belli, koma nkhondo siinaope ku United States. Ku Washington ankakhulupirira kuti ngati gulu lankhondo la Japan silingapambane ndi mdani wofooka wotero monga Gulu Lankhondo la China, silingasankhe kupita kunkhondo ndi Asilikali a US. Anthu a ku America adadziwa za kulakwitsa kwawo pa December 8, 1941 ku Pearl Harbor.

Singapore: mwala wofunikira wa chuma cha atsamunda aku Britain

Pearl Harbor anaukiridwa patadutsa maola angapo Japan itayamba kumenyana. M'mbuyomu, chiwembuchi chinali cha British Malaya, yomwe ndi gulu la mayiko osiyanasiyana omwe ali pansi pa ulamuliro wa London. Kuphatikiza pa ma sultanates ndi maulamuliro omwe adatengera chitetezo cha Britain, panali pano - osati pa Peninsula ya Malay komanso pachilumba cha Indonesia cha Borneo - komanso madera anayi omwe adakhazikitsidwa mwachindunji ndi Briteni. Singapore yakhala yofunika kwambiri mwa iwo.

Kumwera kwa British Malaya kunali Dutch East Indies yolemera, yomwe zilumba zake - makamaka Sumatra ndi Java - zimalekanitsa nyanja ya Pacific ku Indian Ocean. Sumatra imasiyanitsidwa ndi Peninsula ya Malay ndi Strait of Malacca - njira yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, kutalika kwa 937 km. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a fanjelo makilomita mazana angapo m'lifupi momwe Nyanja ya Indian imalowa mkati mwake ndi 36 km yopapatiza pomwe imalumikizana ndi Pacific Ocean - pafupi ndi Singapore.