SHRUS crunches. Momwe mungayang'anire ndikuthetsa mavuto

Pakuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo pali gawo lomwe lili ndi zachilendo poyamba dzina la CV olowa. Ndipo osati mmodzi yekha, koma anayi. Dzina lopusitsa limatanthauza "hinji yofanana ndi ma velocities". M'mabuku aukadaulo, mawu akuti homokinetic hinge amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kunja, cholumikizira cha CV chikufanana ndi grenade, ndichifukwa chake anthu adachitcha motero. Koma ambiri oyendetsa galimoto, ngakhale mawonekedwe kapena decoding wa chidule kufotokoza chimene gawo ili cholinga. Tiyeni tiyese kuziganizira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo tipeze momwe kusagwira ntchito kwa ma CV kumadziwonetsera komanso momwe tingadziwire kuti ndi ziti zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Kodi kulumikizana kwa liwiro lokhazikika ndi chiyani?

Chofunikira chachikulu cha gudumu lakutsogolo ndikuti kuzungulira kuyenera kusamutsidwa ku mawilo, omwe samangosunthira mmwamba ndi pansi panthawi yoyenda, komanso kutembenukira pamakona ofunikira.

Mumzere woyendetsa, womwe poyamba unkagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa izi, kupatuka kwa dongosolo la coaxial la ma shafts kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa liwiro la angular la kuzungulira kwa shaft yoyendetsedwa molingana ndi shaft yoyendetsa. Ndipo pamene galimotoyo imayenda mothamanga kwambiri, m’pamenenso imachedwetsanso kuzungulira kwa zitsulo zoyendera. Chotsatira chake, zonsezi zinayambitsa kutaya mphamvu, kugwedezeka m'makona ndi ntchito yovuta ya kufalitsa kwathunthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuvala mofulumira komanso kuchepetsa moyo wautumiki wa zigawo zake. Malumikizidwe a Cardan okhawo sanali osiyana ndi moyo wautali.

Kupangidwa kwa hinge ya mawilo aang'ono ofanana kunasintha kwambiri zinthu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kumapangitsa kuti ma axle shafts azizungulira mothamanga kwambiri, ngakhale mawilo atatembenuzidwira pa ngodya yaikulu. Zotsatira zake, kusowa kwa kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka kumatsimikiziridwa, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, kusamutsidwa kwa kasinthasintha kuchokera ku galimoto kupita ku mawilo kumachitika popanda kutaya mphamvu kwakukulu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalumikizidwe a CV ndi mawonekedwe ake

Pa semi-axes iliyonse pali zolumikizira ziwiri za CV. Ndiko kuti, mu galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo, pali mabomba anayi okha - awiri amkati ndi awiri kunja.

Mahinji amkati ndi akunja amasiyana mogwira ntchito komanso mwadongosolo. Yamkatiyo ili pafupi ndi bokosi la gear ndipo idapangidwa kuti itumize torque kuchokera ku axle shaft. Njira yake yogwirira ntchito, monga lamulo, sichidutsa 20 °, koma nthawi yomweyo imalola kusamuka kwinakwake pamtunda, motero kumapereka mwayi wosintha kutalika kwake. Kufupikitsa kapena kukulitsa shaft yoyendetsa ndikofunikira kuti mulipire maulendo oyimitsidwa.

Cholumikizira chakunja cha CV chimayikidwa kumbali ina ya shaft ya axle, pafupi ndi gudumu. Amatha kugwira ntchito pa ngodya ya 40 °, kupereka kasinthasintha ndi kuzungulira kwa gudumu. Zikuwonekeratu kuti grenade yakunja imagwira ntchito movutikira kwambiri, motero imalephera nthawi zambiri kuposa yamkati. Dothi lomwe likuwuluka pansi pa mawilo limathandizanso pa izi, cholumikizira chakunja cha CV chimapeza zambiri kuposa zamkati.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamapangidwe amitundu yolumikizana nthawi zonse. Komabe, m'nthawi yathu m'magalimoto mungapeze mitundu iwiri ya olowa CV - "Tripod" ndi Rzeppa mpira olowa. Yoyamba ilibe ngodya yayikulu yogwirira ntchito, koma ndiyodalirika komanso yotsika mtengo, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati hinge yamkati. Amagwiritsa ntchito zodzigudubuza zomwe zimayikidwa pa foloko yamitengo itatu ndikuzungulira pazitsulo za singano.

Yachiwiri ili ndi ngodya yokulirapo yogwirira ntchito, kotero ndizomveka kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira chakunja cha CV. Amatchulidwa ndi injiniya wamakina Alfred Rzeppa (matchulidwe olakwika a Rzeppa ndiofala), mbadwa yaku Poland yemwe amagwira ntchito kukampani ya Ford. Ndi iye amene, mu 1926, adapanga mapangidwe ophatikizana othamanga nthawi zonse ndi mipira isanu ndi umodzi, yomwe imachitikira m'mabowo a olekanitsa omwe amaikidwa pakati pa thupi ndi mtundu wamkati. Kusuntha kwa mipira yomwe ili pamphepete mwa mpikisano wamkati komanso kuchokera mkati mwa nyumbayi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kosiyana pakati pa nkhwangwa zoyendetsa galimoto ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwazitsulo pamtunda waukulu.

Zheppa's CV ophatikizana ndi mitundu yake yamakono ("Birfield", "Lebro", GKN ndi ena) akugwiritsidwabe ntchito bwino mumakampani amagalimoto.

Zifukwa za kusokonekera mu SHRUS

Paokha, maulalo othamanga nthawi zonse ndi odalirika kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhalapo kwa ma kilomita mazana angapo, kapena kupitilira apo. Pokhapokha, ngati simulola kuti dothi ndi madzi zilowemo, kusintha anthers ndi mafuta odzola panthawi yake, kuyendetsa mosamala ndikupewa misewu yoipa.

Ndipo komabe ma grenade amalephera posachedwa. Pazifukwa zina, ntchito zimawonekera mu khola kapena thupi la hinge. Mipira yomwe idagubuduzika mkati idawagunda, ndikutulutsa chitsulo chosawoneka bwino. Kenako amalankhula za "crunch" ya mgwirizano wa CV.

Kubwerera kumbuyo ndi kuvala kumachitika chifukwa cha kuvala kwachilengedwe kapena chifukwa cha ntchito yosayenera. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo, koma chofala kwambiri ndi anther yowonongeka. Kupyolera mu nthawi yopuma mu nsapato yoteteza mphira, mafuta amawuluka, kusiya zinthu zopaka pa hinge popanda mafuta. Kuonjezera apo, kupyolera mu ming'alu ya anther, chinyezi, zinyalala, mchenga zimalowa mu mgwirizano wa CV, zomwe zimakhala ngati zowonongeka, zomwe zimafulumizitsa kuvala kwa grenade. Mkhalidwe wa anthers uyenera kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse - 5 ... 6 makilomita zikwi, ndipo pa chizindikiro chochepa cha kuwonongeka, kusintha popanda kukayikira. Nsapato ya rabara ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kuphatikiza kwa CV.

Chinthu chachiwiri chodziwika bwino chomwe chimachititsa kuti ma grenade avale msanga ndi njira yoyendetsa mwaukali. Kuyendetsa kwambiri m'malo ovuta komanso kuyamba kwambiri kuyenda panthawi yomwe mawilo akutuluka kumawononga kwambiri ma CV.

Chifukwa china chomwe chingatheke ndikuwongolera injini ndikumanga mphamvu. Ikhoza kuonjezera kwambiri katundu pa kutumiza. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zake, kuphatikiza zolumikizira za CV, zitha kuvala mwachangu.

Ngati grenadeyo idayamba kugunda patangopita nthawi pang'ono mutalowa m'malo, mwina mwapeza kope lolakwika kapena zabodza. Koma ndizosatheka kusiya zolakwika pakukhazikitsa zomwe zitha kuletsa hinge yatsopano yapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati mulibe chidaliro pa luso lanu, ndikwabwino kuyika m'malo mwa ma CV kwa akatswiri.

N'chifukwa chiyani hinge imaphwanyidwa pa kutentha kochepa

Kupaka mafuta ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti cholumikizira cha CV chikugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali. Mkhalidwe wake uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma simungathe kuyika mafuta oyamba omwe amabwera mu grenade. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a graphite ndikoletsedwa. Pamagulu a CV, mafuta apadera amapangidwa, monga lamulo, okhala ndi molybdenum disulfide monga chowonjezera. Ili ndi zinthu zoletsa madzi ndipo imatha kufewetsa katundu wodabwitsa. Umu ndi momwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwira ntchito. Kuti mafutawo alowe bwino, grenade iyenera kuchotsedwa, kupasuka ndikutsukidwa bwino.

Ubwino wa mafuta odzola nthawi zonse sufika pa chizindikiro. Mitundu ina simalekerera chisanu ndipo imatha kukhuthala pakatentha kwambiri. Kenako makangaza amayamba kung’ambika. Malumikizidwe amkati a CV amatenthetsa mwachangu ndikusiya kugogoda, pomwe akunja amatha kupitiliza kupanga phokoso nthawi yayitali. Zikatero, ndi bwino kupewa kutembenukira chakuthwa ndi accelerations mpaka crunching kusiya. Mwinamwake, muyenera kusankha mafuta abwino omwe angatsimikizire kuti ma hinges akugwira ntchito nthawi yachisanu.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani mukanyalanyaza vutolo

Malumikizidwe a CV samagwa usiku wonse popanda zizindikiro zoyambira. Zowonongeka zamkati ndi kuvala zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo njira yowononga gawolo imatenga nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ma hinges a crispy mutha kukwera, koma ngati nkotheka, kuthamangitsa ndikutembenuka mwachangu kuyenera kupewedwa. Ndikofunikiranso kuti musaphonye mphindiyo ndipo musalole kuti grenade igwe. N'zotheka kuti mbali zina zotumizira zidzawonongekanso. Ndi cholumikizira cha CV chogwa, galimotoyo sichitha kusuntha, ndipo mudzayenera kuipereka ku garaja kapena kumalo ochitirako ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ngolo kapena kukoka. Nthawi zina, kulumikizana kwa CV kungayambitse kutayika kwa magalimoto. Sikofunikira kufotokoza zotsatira zake.

Chifukwa chake, ngati idagwedezeka kapena kuyimitsidwa, musazengereze kupeza zifukwa ndikuzindikira woyambitsa vutolo. Komanso, nthawi zina crunch imangotanthauza kusowa kwa mafuta, ndipo kusokonezeka koteroko kumachotsedwa mosavuta komanso motchipa.

Kuzindikira Hinge Yolakwika Yeniyeni

Popeza pali ma CV anayi olowa m'galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo, ndikofunikira kudzipatula ndikuzindikira kuti ndi ma grenade ati omwe akufunika kusinthidwa kapena kuthiridwa mafuta. Ambiri sadziwa momwe angachitire izi, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zonse zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Choyamba, ndithudi, muyenera kuchita kuyendera zithunzi. Ngati anther yawonongeka, ndiye kuti mgwirizano wa CV umafunikiradi kugwetsa, kupewa, kudzoza ndi kubwezeretsanso nsapato zoteteza mphira, komanso ngati pazipita - m'malo. Kuwonongeka kwa boot kudzawonetsedwa mwachindunji ndi mafuta omwe amawaza pamadera oyandikana nawo.

Yesetsani kutembenuza hinji mozungulira ndi manja. Cholumikizira cha CV chothandizira chiyenera kukhala chosasunthika. Ngati pali sewero, ndiye kuti hinge iyenera kusinthidwa. Komabe, zidzakhala zodalirika kwambiri kuti mudziwe kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa backlash mwa kuthyola tsinde la axle ndi ma grenade ndikuligwira mu vise.

Kutsimikiza kwa cholowa chakunja cha CV cholakwika

Kuchuluka kwa ngodya pakati pa mayendedwe ndi shaft yoyendetsedwa, kumapangitsanso kuchulukira kwa hinge, makamaka ngati nthawi yomweyo imalandira torque yayikulu kuchokera ku mota. Chifukwa chake njira yosavuta yodziwira cholumikizira chakunja cha CV cholakwika. Tembenuzirani chiwongolerocho momwe mungathere kumanzere kapena kumanja ndikuyamba kuyenda mwamphamvu. Ngati crunch ikuwoneka pamene mawilo atembenuzidwira kumanzere, ndiye kuti vuto liri kumanzere kwa grenade. Ngati iyamba kugogoda pomwe chiwongolero chatembenuzidwira kumanja, muyenera kuthana ndi hinge yakunja yakumanja. Phokoso, monga lamulo, limamveka momveka bwino ndipo limatha kutsagana. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimamveka bwino ndipo sizimayambitsa kukayikira. Ngati phokoso liri lofooka, makamaka kumbali yoyenera, ndi bwino kufunsa wothandizira kuti amvetsere.

Kutsimikiza kwa cholowa chamkati cha CV cholakwika

Cholowa chamkati cha CV cholakwika nthawi zambiri sichidziwonetsera momveka bwino. Ngati msewu uli wofanana, grenade yamkati yomwe ili ndi vuto nthawi zambiri imayamba kumveka mothamanga kwambiri kapena panthawi yothamanga, pamene katundu pa hinge akuwonjezeka. Kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka kwa makina kumathekanso pano. Pa liwiro lotsika mpaka lapakati, kugunda kwapakati kumamveka poyendetsa molunjika m'misewu yoyipa, makamaka gudumu likagunda pothole.

Mukhoza kusankha pothole yoyenera, mwamwayi, kusankha kwawo pamisewu yapakhomo ndi yotakata kwambiri, ndipo yesetsani kuyendetsa galimotoyo poyamba ndi gudumu lakumanzere, kenako ndi kumanja. Ngati kugunda kwachitsulo kumachitika koyamba, ndiye kuti cholumikizira chamkati cha CV chikukayikiridwa, ngati chachiwiri, fufuzani choyenera. Osapitilira izi, apo ayi mwanjira iyi mutha kuwononga grenade yothandiza.

Ndipo musaiwale kuti kugogoda kofananako mukuyendetsa pamsewu woyipa kumatha kubweranso kuchokera kumadera ena.

Njira ina yoyenera mitundu yonse iwiri yolumikizira ma CV

Ngati muli ndi jack handy, mutha kuyang'ana ma hinji onse anayi ndikuzindikira bwino lomwe lomwe layambitsa vuto. Ndondomeko ndi:

1. Ikani chiwongolero chapakati.

2. Yendetsani limodzi la mawilo akutsogolo.

3. Gwirizanitsani handbrake, ikani chotengera cha gear pamalo osalowerera ndale ndikuyambitsa injini.

4. Mutafooketsa clutch, gwiritsani ntchito zida za 1 ndipo pang'onopang'ono mutulutse chowongolera. Wilo lopachikidwa lidzayamba kupota.

5. Kwezani zolumikizira za CV poyika brake mofatsa. Hinge yamkati yomwe ili ndi vuto imadzipangitsa kuti imveke bwino. Ngati ma grenade onse amkati akugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala zomveka, ndipo injini imayamba kuyimilira.

6. Tsopano tembenuzani chiwongolero mpaka kumanzere momwe mungathere. Hinge yamkati yomwe yalephera idzapangabe phokoso. Ngati grenade yakumanzere ili ndi ntchito zamkati, imagundanso. Motero, phokosolo lidzakhala lokwera kwambiri.

7. Mofananamo, yang'anani cholumikizira chakunja cha CV potembenuza chiwongolero mpaka kumanja.

Mukamaliza kuyesa, ikani koboti ya gearshift mosalowerera, imitsani injini ndikudikirira mpaka gudumu lisiya kupota. Tsopano mutha kutsitsa galimotoyo pansi.

Kuthetsa mavuto

Mukazindikira hinji yomwe ili ndi vuto, muyenera kuichotsa, kuichotsa, kuchapa bwino ndikuyiyang'ana. Ngati pali kugwira ntchito, kuwonongeka, kubwereranso, cholumikizira cha CV chiyenera kusinthidwa ndi chatsopano. Palibe chifukwa chokonza. Kuyesa malo ogwirira ntchito mchenga kungakhale kutaya nthawi ndi khama ndipo sikungabweretse zotsatira zokhalitsa.

Ngati gawolo liri mu dongosolo, mutatsuka liyenera kudzazidwa ndi mafuta apadera a ma CV olowa ndikubwerera kumalo ake. Zomwezo ziyenera kuchitika ndi hinge yatsopano. Monga lamulo, kwa grenade yamkati mumafunikira pafupifupi 100 ... 120 g yamafuta, yakunja - pang'ono. Mafuta pa msonkhano ayenera kuikidwa pansi pa anther, ndiyeno motetezeka kumangitsa ndi zomangira mbali zonse.

Popeza zolakwika pakuyika ma CV olowa zingayambitse kulephera kwawo msanga, ndi bwino kuchita izi kwa nthawi yoyamba pamaso pa woyendetsa wodziwa zambiri yemwe angafotokoze tsatanetsatane wa njirayo.

Mukasintha magawo omwe ali ndi ma symmetrical mu makina, muyenera kutsogozedwa ndi lamulo lalikulu - sinthani zinthu zonse nthawi imodzi. Lamuloli liyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamalumikizidwe a CV, koma ndi kuwunikira kumodzi kofunikira: osachotsanso ma axle shafts nthawi imodzi kuti mupewe kusamuka kwa magiya osiyanitsira. Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito shaft imodzi ndikuyiyika pamalo ake, pokhapokha mutha kumasula yachiwiri ngati kuli kofunikira.

Mahinji otsika mtengo, opangidwa pansi pamitundu yodziwika pang'ono, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri ndipo samasonkhanitsidwa mosamala kwambiri; palinso mbali zolakwika poyamba. Zoterezi ziyenera kupewedwa. Muyeneranso kusamala posankha kumene kugula. Mu sitolo yapaintaneti mutha kugula zida zofunika zosinthira, kuyimitsidwa ndi machitidwe ena amagalimoto opangidwa ku China ndi Europe.

Onaninso

Lonjezani Poyankha