Magalimoto a Hybrid: zabwino ndi zoyipa
Mayendedwe amsewu ndi gwero lamphamvu la kuwononga chilengedwe. Chowonadi sichikusowa chitsimikiziro chowonjezera, ndikwanira kufananitsa mkhalidwe wamlengalenga mumzinda waukulu ndi mpweya kumidzi - kusiyana kuli koonekeratu. Komabe, alendo ambiri omwe adayendera maiko aku Europe, USA kapena Japan amadziwa kuti kuyipitsidwa kwa mpweya sikuli kolimba kuno, ndipo pali kufotokozera kosavuta kwa izi:
- Miyezo yolimba kwambiri ya mpweya wa CO2 mumlengalenga - lero mulingo wa Euro-6 wakhazikitsidwa kale, pomwe ku Russia injini zopangidwa ndi nyumba, YaMZ, ZMZ ndi UMP yomweyo, zimakumana ndi miyezo ya Euro-2, Euro-3;
- kufalikira kwa zoyendera zachilengedwe - magalimoto amagetsi, ma hybrids, hydrogen ndi magalimoto amafuta amasamba, ngakhale LPG yomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpweya wochepa;
- kusamala chilengedwe - Azungu ali okondwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zoyendera zapagulu, kukwera njinga, pomwe m'dziko lathu mulibe njira zanjinga zamba kulikonse.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti ma hybrids pang'onopang'ono koma molimba mtima akuyamba kuwonekera m'misewu yathu. Nchiyani chimapangitsa kuti anthu asinthe kupita kumtundu woterewu? Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa nkhaniyi patsamba lathu la Vodi.su.
Плюсы
Chophatikiza chofunikira kwambiri chomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa ndikusunga chilengedwe. Zokonda kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi ma plug-in hybrids omwe amatha kulipiritsidwa mwachindunji kuchokera pakhoma. Amayika mabatire amphamvu ndi ma motors amagetsi, mtengo wawo ndi wokwanira makilomita 150-200. Injini yoyatsira mkati imagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kuti athe kufika kugwero lapafupi la magetsi.
Palinso mitundu ya hybrid auto yofatsa komanso yodzaza. Pang'onopang'ono, galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito yowonjezera mphamvu, mokwanira, imagwira ntchito mofanana. Chifukwa cha ma alternators, mabatire amatha kulipiritsidwa pomwe injini wamba yamafuta ikugwira ntchito. Komanso, pafupifupi mitundu yonse imagwiritsa ntchito ma brake force recovery system, ndiko kuti, mphamvu ya braking imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipiritsa mabatire.
Kutengera ndi mtundu wa injini, mtundu wosakanizidwa ungawononge mafuta ochepera 25 peresenti poyerekeza ndi dizilo kapena petulo.
Mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yamagalimoto osakanizidwa, omwe tidakambirana mwatsatanetsatane pa Vodi.su, amatha kuwononga 30-50% yamafuta okha, motero, samafunikira malita 100-7 pa 15 km, koma zochepa.
Pazinthu zonse zotulutsa mpweya, ma hybrids ndi apamwamba mwaukadaulo kuposa magalimoto wamba popeza ali ndi mphamvu ya injini yofanana, torque yomweyo.
Mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti maboma a mayiko ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa magalimoto okonda zachilengedwe, choncho amapereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwa oyendetsa galimoto. Simukuyenera kupita patali - ngakhale ku Ukraine, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuitanitsa ma hybrids kuchokera kunja, chifukwa boma lathetsa ntchito yapadera yoitanitsa. Komanso ku United States, pogula wosakanizidwa pa ngongole, boma likhoza kulipira gawo la ndalamazo, ngakhale kuti ku America chiwongoladzanja cha ngongole ndi chochepa - 3-4% pachaka.
Pali umboni kuti kuvomereza kofananako kudzawonekera ku Russia. Mwachitsanzo, akukonzekera kuti pogula galimoto yosakanizidwa kuchokera kwa wogulitsa boma, boma lidzapereka ndalama zokwana madola 1000.
M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe apadera a hybrids amatha pamenepo. Palinso mbali zoipa ndipo si ochepa.
Минусы
Choyipa chachikulu ndi mtengo, ngakhale kunja ndi 20-50 peresenti kuposa yachitsanzo chokhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati. Pachifukwa chomwecho, m'mayiko a CIS, ma hybrids samaperekedwa mumagulu akuluakulu - opanga sali okonzeka kutibweretsera ife, podziwa kuti kufunikira kudzakhala kochepa. Koma, ngakhale izi, ogulitsa ena amapereka dongosolo lachindunji la zitsanzo zina.
Choyipa chachiwiri ndi kukwera mtengo kwa kukonza. Ngati batire ikulephera (ndipo posachedwa idzatero), kugula kwatsopano kudzakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri. Mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati idzakhala yaying'ono kwambiri pakuyendetsa bwino.
Kutaya ma hybrids ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, kachiwiri chifukwa cha batri.
Komanso, mabatire a magalimoto osakanizidwa amadziwika ndi mavuto onse a mabatire: kuopa kutentha pang'ono, kudziletsa, kukhetsa mbale. Ndiko kuti, tinganene kuti wosakanizidwa si chisankho chabwino kwambiri kumadera ozizira, sichingagwire ntchito pano.
Tikutsegula...
