jenereta VAZ 2104: Buku dalaivala
Zamkatimu
VAZ 2104 ndi chitsanzo cha wopanga nyumba, wopangidwa kuyambira 1984 mpaka 2012. Madalaivala aku Russia amayendetsabe "anayi" lero, popeza galimotoyo ndi yosasamala komanso yotsika mtengo pokonza. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za 2104 ndi jenereta ya "AvtoVAZ", yomwe imayang'anira magwiridwe antchito agalimoto yonse. Komabe, ngakhale mbiri yakale yachitsanzocho, eni ake akadali ndi mafunso ambiri okhudza ntchito, kuwonongeka ndi kukonzanso gawoli.
Jenereta ya VAZ 2104: cholinga cha chipangizo
Pansi pa "zinayi" pali njira zambiri ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kotero nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwa woyambitsa kuthana ndi zowonongeka zina. Ndi jenereta ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa Vaz 2104, chifukwa ena onse zimango "kuvina" ntchito yake.
Autogenerator ndi chipangizo chomwe ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kutembenuza mphamvu kuchokera ku makina kupita ku magetsi, ndiko kuti, kupanga zamakono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, jenereta imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kosasunthika kwa zida zonse zamagetsi m'galimoto, komanso kusunga mlingo wa batri.
Kuchita ntchito yake mu nyumba jenereta, ntchito zotsatirazi zimachitika:
- Dalaivala atangoyambitsa galimotoyo, mphamvu yokhala ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera imadutsa poyatsira moto kupita kumalo otetezera, nyali yamoto, chowongolera ndikutuluka kudzera muzitsulo kupita ku mphamvu ndi chizindikiro chochotsera.
- Kuunikira pa chida chomwe chili mnyumbamo chikamayatsa mphamvu, "plus" imalowa mu jenereta - pamapiritsi amkuwa.
- Kuzungulirako kumasintha chizindikirocho ndikuchipititsa ku pulley ngati mphamvu yamakina.
- Pulley imayamba kuzungulira, kupanga magetsi.
- Njira zosinthira zomwe zimapezedwa zimasamutsidwa ku batri ndi zida zina zamagalimoto.
Makhalidwe akuluakulu a jenereta "anayi"
Jenereta wokhazikika wa chitsanzo G-2104 waikidwa pa Vaz 222. Ichi ndi chipangizo wamba opangidwa ndi AvtoVAZ ndi ntchito khola. Ngati tilankhula za luso la jenereta G-222, iwo anasonyeza zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- pazipita zotheka mphamvu panopa pamene rotor atembenuza 5000 rpm - 55 A;
- voteji - mpaka 14 V;
- mphamvu - mpaka 500 Watts;
- kuzungulira kwa rotor kumachitika m'njira yoyenera;
- kulemera kwa chipangizo popanda pulley ndi makilogalamu 4.2;
- miyeso: kutalika - 22 cm, m'lifupi - 15 cm, kutalika - 12 cm.
jenereta pa Vaz 2104 anaika mwachindunji pa galimoto nyumba kumanja ake. Kuyambitsa jenereta kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kusuntha kwa crankshaft itangoyatsa.
Kodi ma jenereta akhoza kuikidwa pa VAZ 2104
Dalaivala nthawi zonse amakhutira ndi ntchito ya jenereta wamba VAZ. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chipangizocho chimapangidwira katundu wodziwika bwino, ndipo pamene zida zowonjezera zamagetsi zimagwirizanitsidwa, sizimagwiranso ntchito.
Choncho, eni "anayi" nthawi zambiri amaganiza za kuyika jenereta yatsopano, yamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda mavuto:
- zida zowonjezera zowunikira;
- makina atsopano omveka;
- navigator.
Majenereta a G-222 ndi G-221 ali ofanana kwa wina ndi mzake, kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti G-221 imapanga ma amperes 5 ochepa. Choncho, sipakanakhala phindu m'malo mwake.
Ndikwabwino kuti VAZ 2104 igule ma jenereta ku KATEK kapena KZATEM (Samara Plant). Amapanga mpaka 75 A, yomwe ili yovomerezeka kwa galimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a jenereta a Samara ndi oyenera "anayi".
Odziwika kwambiri ndi majenereta aku Western - Bosch, Delphi. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti njira za VAZ sizinapangidwe kuti zikhazikitse zida za ku Europe, chifukwa chake kukwera kwa chipangizocho kuyenera kukonzedwanso.
Eni ake a Vaz 2104 amaona kuti si jenereta yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe ikufunika, koma chipangizo chokhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba:
Ndikuganiza kuti jenereta yamphamvu kwambiri silingathetse vutoli, timafunikira jenereta yomwe ilibe mphamvu, koma yotulutsa zambiri pa liwiro lopanda ntchito. , koma zimawononganso nthawi 2 zokwera mtengo kwambiri !!!) Koma ndi ma foglights anu, sizingagwirizane ndi XX. Amafunikira 5W / 50V = 13A * 3,85 + ina ~ 4A miyeso ndi mtengo woviikidwa = 10A. , chisangalalo cha jenereta, wailesi, potsiriza ... Mukhoza, ndithudi, kuyesa m'malo pulley pa jenereta ndi m'mimba mwake ang'onoang'ono kuti jenereta shaft azungulire ndi apamwamba chiwerengero cha zosintha. mipiringidzo ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira, ndipo lamba sangathe kugwedezeka.Inde, ndi mayendedwe a jenereta ndi mapiritsi a rotor, kuzungulira ndi kusinthika kwakukulu sikuli bwino.
Choncho, mwiniwake wa Vaz 2104 ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino zolinga zomwe akufuna kukhazikitsa jenereta yatsopano kuti akwaniritse.
Momwe jenereta imalumikizirana
Jenereta makamaka ndi chipangizo chamagetsi, choncho ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mugwirizane bwino. Nthawi zambiri madalaivala amakhala ndi vuto lolumikizana, popeza mawaya angapo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe ayenera kulumikizidwa ku mlanduwo, ndipo chipangizocho chiyeneranso kukhala ndi polarization yoyenera.
Njira yosavuta yolumikizira jenereta ku machitidwe agalimoto ndi molingana ndi chiwembu ichi. Jenereta ya jenereta imakhala ndi maulendo atatu, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndondomeko ya "nyenyezi". Cholumikizira cholumikizira batire chimalumikizidwa ndi "zero" terminal. Komanso, kugwirizana ikuchitika molingana ndi chiwembu.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi mulu wa mawaya
Jenereta ndi chipangizo chamagetsi, kotero palibe chodabwitsa kuti mawaya angapo amitundu yambiri amalumikizidwa nawo nthawi imodzi. Kuti muchite bwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awa:
- waya wachikasu amachokera ku chipangizo chowongolera nyali mu kanyumba;
- imvi wandiweyani - kuchokera ku regulator kupita ku maburashi;
- wandiweyani woonda - wolumikizidwa ndi relay;
- lalanje limagwira ntchito ngati cholumikizira chowonjezera ndipo nthawi zambiri limalumikizidwa ndi waya woonda wa imvi pakuyika.
Chida cha jenereta
Vaz 2104 ali muyezo G-222 jenereta. Kuyambira 1988, wakhala penapake kusinthidwa ndipo anayamba kutchedwa chizindikiro 37.3701 (ndendende zipangizo chomwecho anaika pa Vaz 2108). G-222 ndi 37.3707 amasiyana kokha mu data ya windings, kukhalapo kwa anamanga-mu regulator relay.
Chipangizocho chimakhazikika ku bulaketi yotayira pa injini ndi bawuti imodzi ndi pini imodzi. Chomangira ichi ndi chokwanira pakugwira ntchito kodalirika kwa jenereta.
G-222 imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo, zazikulu ndi zozungulira, stator ndi zophimba.
Chozungulira
Rotor ndi chinthu chozungulira cha jenereta. Amakhala ndi tsinde lokhala ndi malata. Manja achitsulo ndi mizati amayikidwa pa shaft, zomwe pamodzi zimapanga maziko a electromagnetic field.
Rotor imazungulira mizere iwiri ya mpira. Ndikofunikira kuti mayendedwe atsekedwe, ndiye kuti, safuna mafuta owonjezera. Choncho, ngati athyoka pakapita nthawi, zimakhala zosavuta kuwasintha.
Pulley
Pulley imayikidwanso pa rotor shaft. Pali mabowo atatu pamwamba pa pulley - ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira chopangira mpweya wabwino wa jenereta ndi kuteteza chipangizo kuti chisatenthedwe. Pulley imalandira mphamvu yozungulira kuchokera ku crankshaft ndikuitumiza ku rotor.
Stator yokhala ndi ma windings
Stator imapangidwa ndi mbale zazitsulo zamagetsi. Mambale onse amalumikizidwa mugulu limodzi ndi kuwotcherera. Mapiritsi a waya wamkuwa amalowetsedwa muzitsulo zapadera za mankhwala. M'malo mwake, iliyonse mwa ma windings atatu imagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi.
Regulator
The regulator relay ndi mbale yokhala ndi dera lamagetsi. Ntchito yayikulu ya mbale iyi ndikuwongolera voteji pakutulutsa kwa mlanduwo, kotero chinthucho chimamangiriridwa kumbuyo kwa jenereta.
Maburashi
Maburashi ndizinthu zazikulu mu dongosolo lopangira mphamvu. Iwo amathiridwa mu chotengera burashi ndipo alinso pa stator.
Mlatho wa diode
Mlatho wa diode (kapena rectifier) umapangidwira kuphatikiza kwa ma diode asanu ndi limodzi, omwe amakhazikika pamtunda wofanana pa bolodi limodzi. Chowongoleracho chimafunika kuti chizitha kukonza makina osinthira ndikupangitsa kuti chisasunthike, chokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, ngati imodzi mwa ma diode ikulephera, padzakhala mavuto pakugwira ntchito kwa jenereta.
Momwe mungayang'anire jenereta
Kuyang'ana ntchito ya jenereta pa Vaz 2104 zikhoza kuchitika m'njira zingapo. Diagnostics ndi oscilloscope kapena pa stand kumaphatikizapo kulankhulana ndi akatswiri, kotero tiyeni tione njira yosavuta yodzitsimikizira nokha.
Kuti muwone jenereta, mufunika zida zotsatirazi:
- multimeter;
- nyali yowala yokhala ndi mawaya ogulitsidwa;
- mawaya olumikizirana pakati pa jenereta ndi batire.
Njira yotsimikizira
Pamene injini yazilala, mukhoza kuyamba kuyang'ana:
- Tsegulani bonnet.
- Lumikizani mawaya a babu ku chotengera cha alternator ndi rotor.
- Lumikizani mawaya amagetsi: zoyipa ku terminal ya "minus" ya batri ndi pansi pa jenereta, zabwino ku terminal ya "plus" ya jenereta ndi kutulutsa kwake.
- Ndi bwino kulumikiza misa yomaliza kuti musapange dera lalifupi mumaneti.
- Kenaka, yatsani multimeter, gwirizanitsani kafukufuku wina ku "plus" ya batri, ina ndi "minus" ya batri.
- Pambuyo pake, nyali yoyesera iyenera kuyatsa.
- Multimeter iyenera kuwonetsa pafupifupi 12.4 V.
- Kenako, muyenera kufunsa wothandizira kuti azizungulira jenereta. Nthawi yomweyo, mutha kuyatsa zida zowunikira pa VAZ.
- Kuwerenga kwa multimeter sikuyenera kutsika kapena kudumpha kwambiri. Njira yoyendetsera jenereta imachokera ku 11.9 mpaka 14.1 V, ngati chizindikirocho chili chochepa, jenereta idzalephera posachedwa, ngati ili pamwamba, ndiye kuti batire ikhoza kuwira.
Kanema: njira yoyesera pa jenereta yochotsedwa
Ndiletsedwa:
- yang'anani jenereta kudzera mu dera lalifupi, ndiye kuti, kudzera mu "spark";
- yesani kugwira ntchito kwa jenereta ndi batri yotsekedwa.
Zolakwika pakugwira ntchito: Zizindikiro zamavuto ndi momwe mungawakonzere
Tsoka, mu kapangidwe ka galimoto iliyonse palibe tsatanetsatane kotero kuti posakhalitsa sakanayamba "kuchitapo kanthu". Jenereta ya VAZ 2104 nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti chipangizocho chidzagwira ntchito nthawi zonse mumayendedwe abwino.
Dalaivala ayenera kukhala tcheru paziwonetsero zonse za zolakwika pa ntchito yake kuti zithetsedwe panthawi yake komanso motetezeka.
Chifukwa chiyani chowunikira chowunikira chinabwera pagawo la zida?
Ndipotu, iyi ndi ntchito ya babu - kuwonetsa dalaivala panthawi yomwe palibe malipiro okwanira mu dongosolo. Komabe, babu samagwira ntchito nthawi zonse pazifukwa izi:
- lamba alternator anayamba kuzembera - m`pofunika kusiya ndi kusintha mlingo wa mavuto ake;
- pali kuwonongeka kwa nyali yowongolera, chifukwa chake sizigwira ntchito bwino - muyenera "kuyimba" ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino;
- kuthyolako kutsekeka - muyenera kusokoneza jenereta, kuyeretsa zolumikizira zonse, ndipo, mwina, kusintha cholumikizira chowongolera kukhala chatsopano;
- maburashi atha - ndikofunikira kuwasintha ndi atsopano;
- dera lalifupi mu imodzi mwa ma diode okonzanso - padzakhala kofunikira kusintha ma diode, kapena mlatho wonse wa diode nthawi imodzi.
Chifukwa chiyani batire silikulipira mukamayendetsa?
Chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pa VAZ 2104. Zowonadi, vuto ili nthawi zambiri limapezeka pa ma jenereta a G-222, omwe, pakugwira ntchito bwino, samalipira batire pazifukwa zingapo:
- lamba wa alternator wataya mphamvu zake - ndikofunikira kusintha;
- pakugwira ntchito, zomangira za waya zimatha pakati pa jenereta ndi batire yomasulidwa - ndikofunikira kuyeretsa kulumikizana, ngati kuli kofunikira, m'malo mwa mawaya owonongeka;
- Batire ndi yolakwika - ngati vuto la kulipiritsa lidawonekera mutangosintha batire, ndiye kuti simuyenera kudzudzula jenereta, mwina, muyenera kugula batri yatsopano;
- kuwonongeka kudawonekera mumagetsi owongolera - yeretsani zolumikizira zonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mawayawo ali bwino.
Kanema: kuyang'ana zifukwa zakusowa kwa batire
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti betri iwonongeke
Kuwotcha batire kumatha kuonedwa ngati gawo lomaliza la "moyo" wa batri. Ndipotu, ngakhale pambuyo refueling, palibe chitsimikizo kuti batire adzakhala bwinobwino:
- kukhudzana kosauka pakati pa "nthaka" ndi nyumba yoyendetsa magetsi - muyenera kubwezeretsanso kukhudzana, ngati kuli kofunikira, m'malo mwa ma terminals;
- kuwonongeka kwa owongolera - ndibwino kuti musinthe nthawi yomweyo ndi yatsopano;
- Kuwonongeka kwa batri palokha - kungochotsa batire kumapulumutsa.
Phokoso lalikulu pamene jenereta ikugwira ntchito - ndi yabwino kapena yoipa
Njira zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi ziwalo zosuntha nthawi zambiri zimapanga phokoso panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ndipo jenereta VAZ 2104 ndi chimodzimodzi. Komabe, ngati dalaivala anayamba kuona kuti phokoso likukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, m'pofunika kupeza chifukwa:
- nati pa pulley yamasulidwa - jenereta iyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino pamalo amodzi, kotero muyenera kumangitsa zomangira zake;
- zimbalangondo anagwa - tikulimbikitsidwa disassemble jenereta ndi kusintha mayendedwe pa rotor;
- panali dera lalifupi pozungulira - muyenera kusintha stator yonse nthawi yomweyo;
- maburashi creaked - m`pofunika kuyeretsa pamalo awo ndi kulankhula.
Kukonza jenereta pa VAZ 2104
Ndipotu, kukonza jenereta ya galimoto si ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa bwino ndi kusokoneza chipangizocho, ndipo m'malo mwa ziwalo zopsereza kapena zowonongeka ndizomveka. Choncho, oyendetsa amanena kuti ntchito yokonza pa G-222 ndithu mwa mphamvu ya ngakhale dalaivala, amene konse disassembled jenereta.
Kuchotsa jenereta m'galimoto
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale zida zochepa:
- wrench yotsegulira ya 10;
- wrench yotsegulira ya 17;
- open end wrench 19.
Galimotoyo itazirala, mukhoza kuyamba kuichotsa. Njirayi ndiyosavuta ndipo safuna chidziwitso chapadera pazida zamagetsi:
- Chotsani gudumu kumbali yakumanja ya galimotoyo.
- Onetsetsani kuti galimotoyo ili bwinobwino pa jack.
- Kwawa kumanja ndikupeza bokosi la jenereta.
- Masulani mtedza wokwera m'munsi, koma musamasule.
- Masulani mtedza pamtengowo pamwamba, komanso osauchotsa.
- Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kusuntha nyumba ya jenereta pa injini - motere lamba amamasulidwa, akhoza kuchotsedwa ku pulley popanda kuwonongeka.
- Chotsani waya wotuluka kuchokera pazotulutsa za jenereta.
- Chotsani mawaya kuchokera pokhotakhota.
- Chotsani waya pamaburashi.
- Chotsani mtedza wapansi ndi wapamwamba.
- Kokani jenereta kwa inu, chotsani ku bulaketi ya injini.
Kanema: malangizo ochotsa
Chipangizocho chikhoza kukhala chodetsedwa kwambiri, kotero musanachiphwasule, tikulimbikitsidwa kupukuta mlanduwo. Zowonadi, panthawi ya disassembly, fumbi limatha kulowa mkati ndikupita kudera lalifupi.
Momwe mungatsegule jenereta
Gawo lotsatira la ntchito likufuna kusintha zida:
- wrench yotsegulira ya 19;
- spanner kiyi 19;
- ratchet (mukhoza kuwonjezera chingwe chowonjezera);
- mutu 8;
- mutu 10;
- mphuno yaying'ono.
Musanayambe disassembling nyumba jenereta, m'pofunikanso kukonzekera muli mmene kuika mbali yaing'ono (mtedza, washers, zomangira). Mutha kusainanso momwe zida zina zidachotsedwa, kuti pambuyo pake zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsanso jenereta:
- Chinthu choyamba ndi kumasula mtedza anayi pachikuto chakumbuyo.
- Kenako, chotsani pulley, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kumasula nati yake.
- Pambuyo thupi akhoza kugawidwa magawo awiri. Mbali imodzi imatuluka mosavuta mu imzake. Zotsatira zake, jeneretayo imasweka kukhala stator yokhala ndi mafunde ndi rotor.
- Chotsani pulley ku rotor - nthawi zambiri imatuluka mosavuta. Zikavuta, mutha kuyikapo ndi nyundo.
- Kokani rotor ndi zonyamula kunja kwa nyumba.
- Sambani stator m'zigawo, kuyesera kuti musakhudze mafunde.
Video: malangizo ochotsa chipangizocho
Momwe mungakonzere jenereta
Pambuyo pochotsa chipangizocho, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mbali iliyonse. Gawo liyenera kusinthidwa ngati:
- waphimbidwa ndi chophimba chamoto ndi mwaye;
- kufooka kwakukulu kumawonekera;
- pali ming'alu ndi nsonga pamwamba;
- mawonekedwe ndi opunduka.
Choncho, kuti akonze zonse, m'pofunika kusintha njira zolephera za jenereta ndi zatsopano. Tsopano n'zovuta kupeza zinthu zoyenera pa Vaz 2104, choncho m'pofunika nthawi yomweyo kuwunika kuthekera kwa ntchito yokonza. Mwina ndizosavuta kugula jenereta yoyambirira kuposa kuwononga nthawi kufunafuna zida zosinthira zofunika?
Kutengera kutalika kwa zigawo kuchokera ku Moscow, G-222 ikhoza kukhala yamtengo wapatali pakati pa 4200 ndi 5800 rubles.
Ngati njira yokonzera chipangizocho idasankhidwa, padzakhala koyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo zonse ndizofanana ndi zinthu zokhazikika. Ngakhale kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera ku gawo la "mbadwa" kungayambitse ntchito yolakwika ya jenereta komanso ngakhale kuwonongeka kwake.
Bwezerani makinawo panthawi yosonkhanitsa chipangizocho motsatira ndondomekoyi.
Kanema: malangizo okonza
Lamba wa jenereta wa VAZ 2104
Chifukwa cha mbiri yakale ya "anayi", mitundu iwiri ya malamba alternator anaikidwa pa galimoto:
- Lamba lachikale linali losalala, monga ma pulleys oyendetsa galimoto analinso ndi malo osalala.
- Lamba wa chitsanzo chatsopanocho amapangidwa ndi mphira wamphamvu kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mano, pamene zoyendetsa zinayamba kupangidwa ndi mano kuti zikhale zogwirizana kwambiri.
Ngati tilankhula za malamba amtundu watsopano, ndiye kuti oyendetsa galimoto amakonda kuyika zinthu kuchokera kwa wopanga waku Germany Bosch - ali ndi moyo wautali wautumiki ndipo amamva bwino pa "anayi".
Lamba wamba wa alternator amalemera 0.068 kg ndipo ali ndi miyeso iyi:
- kutalika - 250 mm;
- m'lifupi - 8 mm;
- makulidwe - 2 mm.
Kukhazikika kwa lamba koyenera
Funso limadzuka kwambiri momwe mungamangirire lamba mutatha kusintha kapena kukonza jenereta, chifukwa kupambana kwa chipangizocho kudzadalira izi. Muyenera kutsatira malangizo awa:
- Ikani alternator m'malo mwa kumangitsa mitedza iwiri yomangirira pakati.
- M'pofunika kumangitsa mtedza mpaka sitiroko ya jenereta nyumba si upambana 2 cm.
- Ikani pry bar kapena bawuti yayitali yayitali pakati pa nyumba ya alternator ndi nyumba ya mpope wamadzi.
- Ikani lamba pa pulleys.
- Popanda kumasula kupanikizika kwa phiri, sungani lamba.
- Kenako, limbani nati pamwamba kuteteza jenereta.
- Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa lamba - sayenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri kapena, m'malo mwake, sag.
- Mangitsani mtedza wapansi.
Kuonetsetsa kuti lamba ali ndi digiri yogwira ntchito, m'pofunika kugulitsa malo ake aulere ndi chala chanu mukamaliza ntchito. Rubber sayenera kupitirira 1.5 centimita.
Choncho, tinganene kuti kudzikonza jenereta pa Vaz 2104 n'zotheka ndipo si wa gulu la ntchito zosatheka. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo ndi ma aligorivimu a ntchito inayake kuti akwaniritse kukonza kapena diagnostics m'njira yabwino.
