Pali particles zambiri, zina zambiri

Asayansi akuyang'ana tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayenera kusamutsa zambiri pakati pa mibadwo ya ma quarks ndi ma leptons ndipo ndi omwe ali ndi udindo pakulumikizana kwawo. Kusaka sikophweka, koma mphotho zopeza ma leptoquarks zitha kukhala zazikulu.

Mu physics yamakono, pamlingo wofunikira kwambiri, nkhani imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kumbali imodzi, pali ma quark, omwe nthawi zambiri amalumikizana kuti apange ma protoni ndi ma neutroni, omwe amapanga phata la ma atomu. Kumbali ina, pali ma leptoni, ndiko kuti, china chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi misa - kuchokera ku ma elekitironi wamba kupita ku ma muons ndi ma toni achilendo, kukomoka, ma neutrinos osadziwika.

M'mikhalidwe yabwino, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala pamodzi. Quarks amalumikizana makamaka ndi ena quarks, ndi ma leptoni ndi ma leptoni ena. Komabe, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amakayikira kuti pali tinthu tambirimbiri kuposa mamembala a mafuko omwe tawatchulawa. Zambiri.

Mmodzi mwa magulu atsopanowa omwe aperekedwa posachedwa amatchedwa leptovarki. Palibe amene adapezapo umboni wachindunji wa kukhalapo kwawo, koma ochita kafukufuku akuwona zina zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndizotheka. Ngati izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa motsimikizika, ma leptoquark angadzaze kusiyana pakati pa ma leptoni ndi ma quarks pomanga mitundu yonse ya tinthu tating'ono. Mu Seputembala 2019, pa seva yosindikizira yasayansi ar xiv, oyesera omwe amagwira ntchito ku Large Hadron Collider (LHC) adasindikiza zotsatira za zoyeserera zingapo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa kukhalapo kwa ma leptoquarks.

Izi zinanenedwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya LHC Roman Kogler.

Kodi anomalies ndi chiyani? Kuyesera koyambirira ku LHC, ku Fermilab, ndi kwina kulikonse kwatulutsa zotsatira zachilendo - zochitika zambiri zopanga tinthu kuposa momwe fizikiki wamba imaneneratu. Ma leptoquarks omwe amawola kukhala akasupe a tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono atangopangidwa amatha kufotokozera zochitika zowonjezera izi. Ntchito ya akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo yatsutsa kukhalapo kwa mitundu ina ya leptoquarks, ponena kuti "tinthu tating'ono" tomwe timamanga leptons kumagulu ena a mphamvu sizinawonekere muzotsatira. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya mphamvu yolowera.

Intergenerational Particles

Yi-Ming Zhong, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi ku yunivesite ya Boston komanso wolemba nawo pepala lachiphunzitso la October 2017 pamutuwu, lofalitsidwa mu Journal of High Energy Physics monga "The Leptoquark Hunter's Guide," adanena kuti ngakhale kufufuza kwa leptoquarks ndi kosangalatsa kwambiri. , tsopano akuvomerezedwa masomphenya a tinthu ndi opapatiza kwambiri.

Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amagawaniza tinthu tating'ono osati ma leptoni ndi quarks, koma m'magulu omwe amawatcha "mibadwo." The up and down quarks, komanso electron ndi electron neutrino, ndi "m'badwo woyamba" quarks ndi leptons. Mbadwo wachiwiri umaphatikizapo ma quarks okongola komanso achilendo, komanso muons ndi muon neutrinos. Ndipo ma quarks aatali ndi okongola, tau ndi taon neutrinos amapanga m'badwo wachitatu. Tinthu ta m'badwo woyamba ndi wopepuka komanso wokhazikika, pomwe m'badwo wachiwiri ndi wachitatu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri timakhala ndi moyo wamfupi.

Kafukufuku wasayansi wofalitsidwa ndi asayansi ku LHC akuwonetsa kuti ma leptoquarks amamvera malamulo am'badwo omwe amalamulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Ma leptoquark a m'badwo wachitatu amatha kuphatikizana ndi taon komanso quark yokongola. Mbadwo wachiwiri ukhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi muon ndi quark yachilendo. Ndi zina zotero.

Komabe, Zhong, poyankhulana ndi ntchito "Live Science", adanena kuti kufufuza kuyenera kuganiza kuti alipo. "Multigenerational leptoquarks", kuchoka ku ma elekitironi a m'badwo woyamba kupita ku ma quark a m'badwo wachitatu. Ananenanso kuti asayansi ndi okonzeka kufufuza izi.

Wina angafunse chifukwa chake mukuyang'ana ma leptoquarks ndi zomwe angatanthauze. Mwachidziwitso chachikulu kwambiri. zina chifukwa chiphunzitso chachikulu cha mgwirizano mu physics, amaneneratu za kukhalapo kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tophatikizana ndi leptons ndi quarks, zomwe zimatchedwa leptoquarks. Choncho, kupeza kwawo sikunapezekebe, koma mosakayikira iyi ndiyo njira yopita ku Holy Grail ya sayansi.