Amagetsi amagonjetsa Kumadzulo

Mukangoyang'ana kuwonjezeka kwa malonda a magalimoto amagetsi m'mayiko olemera a Kumadzulo, mungakhale ndi nthawi yovuta kukana kukwera kwamphamvu kwa electro-changu. Kumbali inayi, "kusintha" uku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha thandizo la boma, ndipo ndendende chifukwa tikulankhula za mayiko olemera.

Kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi - yakale kwambiri kuposa injini yoyaka mkati chifukwa ntchito zake zoyamba zidawonekera m'zaka za zana la XNUMX - zakhala zikusangalala ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwazaka zaposachedwa. Zowona, okayikira amati chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo yamafuta amadzimadzi, ndizosatheka kusazindikira kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kwachitika posachedwa chifukwa chakuyenda kwamagetsi. Makhalidwe achilengedwe amagalimoto amagetsi (EVs) ndiwofunikanso.

Chilimbikitso champhamvu pakukula kwa kuyenda kwamagetsi chinali chisankho chaposachedwa cha Elon Musk, CEO wa Tesla, kuti apereke galimoto yamagetsi pamtengo wotsika mtengo. Kwa sabata, kugulitsa koyambirira kwa Model 3 ndikokwanira 325 zikwi. anthu adatengera akaunti yakampaniyo ndi ndalama zoyambira mabowo 1. Musk adavomereza kuti kuwerengera kumakonzedwa pamaziko a kusanthula komwe kumayika mtengo wogula wa galimoto yachinayi ya wopanga uyu pa 42 3. dzenje. Mtundu wotsika mtengo kwambiri wa Model 35 udzawononga ma ruble 30. dzenje. (awa ndiye kuchuluka kwa kugula galimoto yatsopano ku US), yomwe itachotsa ndalama zochulukirapo zogulira galimoto yamagetsi, imapereka mtengo wake pansi pa PLN XNUMX XNUMX. dzenje.

Mwachisangalalo, Tesla adalengeza kuti sabata yoyamba ya Epulo 2016 idzakumbukiridwa ngati nthawi yomwe magalimoto amagetsi adakhala chinthu chambiri. Model 3 ikuyembekezeka kuyamba kupanga kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2017, koma zimadziwika kale kuti pakukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulani amakono amakampani, makasitomala ambiri amayenera kudikirira chaka china, kapena zaka ziwiri, mpaka galimoto ikugulitsidwa. kukwezedwa. Chifukwa chake Elon Musk adatsimikizira mwalamulo kuti Tesla adayamba kufunafuna njira zowonjezera mphamvu zopanga.

Kupambana mothandizidwa ndi boma

Pafupifupi aliyense wopanga magalimoto akuluakulu akupanga ukadaulo wamtunduwu. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi ogulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chikukula kwambiri. Mpaka pano, Nissan akupitiriza kukhala ndi magalimoto ogulitsidwa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Leaf.

Malinga ndi zonenedweratu zomwe zidasindikizidwa mu Marichi chaka chino ndi kampani yaku Britain yofufuza Frost & Sullivan, pambuyo pa 2020, magalimoto amagetsi okwana 10 miliyoni akuyembekezeka kukhala m'misewu yapadziko lonse lapansi. Panthawiyo, magalimoto obiriwira adzawerengera pafupifupi 1/3 ya magalimoto ogulitsidwa m'misika yotukuka komanso pafupifupi 1/5 m'mizinda yakumayiko akutukuka. Bungwe lofufuza zapadziko lonse la Navigant Research likulosera kuti pofika chaka cha 2023, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kudzakhala 2,4% ya malonda am'badwo wotsatira padziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, msika wamagalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi ukhoza kuwonetsa kukula kwa malonda kuchokera pa 2,7 miliyoni mu 2014 mpaka 6,4 miliyoni mu 2023.

Censuswide yalamula Go Ultra Low, kampeni yolimbikitsa kugulidwa kwa magalimoto otsika kwambiri, kafukufuku wowonetsa achinyamata aku Western azaka zapakati pa 14 mpaka 17 akukonzekera kugula galimoto yamagetsi ngati galimoto yawo yoyamba. Osachepera asanu ndi atatu mwa khumi azaka za 81 - 50% kukhala enieni - amafuna galimoto yamagetsi. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengerochi chimachepa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zaka za omwe anafunsidwa, chikadali choposa XNUMX%.

Ku UK, pafupifupi magalimoto amagetsi a 2016 amalembedwa tsiku lililonse m'gawo loyamba la 115. Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kuyambira Januwale 2011, pomwe boma laderalo lidaganiza zothandizira kugulitsa galimoto yamtunduwu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya subsidy. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi ogulidwa kudzera m'mathandizi kuzilumbachi chikuposa 60. UK yakhala msika waukulu wagawoli, ngakhale kuti ili kumbuyo kwa Netherlands yaying'ono potengera kulembetsa.

Izi ndichifukwa chakukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo lomwe lidzalola kuti magalimoto amagetsi okha aziperekedwa pamsika waku Dutch kuyambira 2025. Zambiri za izi zidaperekedwa ndi tsamba la csmonitor.com. Lingaliroli lidaperekedwa ndi Labor Party yakomweko, zomwe zimaletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa magalimoto okhala ndi mafuta ndi dizilo pamsika wakunyumba kuyambira 2025. Magalimoto okhala ndi mtundu woterewu, omwe akanakhala olembetsedwa pamene chiletsocho chinayambika, akanatha kukhalabe muutumiki ndi “kufa” mwamtendere.

Pogula magalimoto amagetsi, a Dutch amatha kuwerengera, makamaka, kuti asapereke msonkho wapamsewu ndi kulembetsa (mpaka ma euro 5,3 zikwi zonse kwa anthu komanso mpaka 19 euro kwa makampani kwa zaka zinayi zoyambirira zogwiritsidwa ntchito). Zopereka zoyesa zikuyembekezera eni makampani operekera katundu ndi oyendetsa taxi omwe asankha kusintha galimoto yokhala ndi injini yapamwamba kukhala galimoto yamagetsi. Akagula galimoto yotere, adzalandira ndalama zokwana 5 euro. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu okhala ku Rotterdam amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo oimikapo magalimoto pakati pa mzinda kwaulere chaka chonse akalembetsa galimotoyo. Kufikira kumalo othamangitsira mwachangu m'dziko lonselo kulinso kwaulere.

Germany ikuyerekeza kuti kumapeto kwa 2020 padzakhala magalimoto amagetsi pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi m'misewu. Kuti akwaniritse cholinga chimenechi, pulogalamu yapadera ya boma inakhazikitsidwa mu 2010 yolimbikitsa magalimoto otsika kwambiri m’misewu ya ku Germany. Ntchitoyi imapereka, mwa zina: kukhululukidwa msonkho wapachaka wamsewu wamagalimoto amagetsi ndi ma hybrids ophatikizika kwazaka zisanu kuyambira tsiku lolembetsa koyamba (ku Poland msonkho wotere umaphatikizidwa pamtengo wamafuta), kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi. yamtengo wamisonkho wokonda kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito bizinesi yamagalimoto pazolinga zawo, komanso kukulitsa kwamphamvu kwa netiweki yamasiteshoni othamangitsa m'dziko lonselo.

Norway ndi dziko limene magalimoto amagetsi amapangidwa mwapadera - chaka chatha, mwa anthu 5 miliyoni, analipo kale 50. magalimoto amagetsi olembetsedwa. Anthu aku Norway omwe amayendetsa magalimoto amagetsi samasulidwa ku msonkho wogula magalimoto (kuphatikiza VAT), msonkho wapachaka wamsewu, komanso zolipirira magalimoto ndi anthu ammudzi. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe amabasi.

Momwemonso, boma limapereka mphotho kwa aku Sweden chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi. Pogula galimoto yamagetsi, amamasulidwa ku msonkho wapachaka wapachaka kwa zaka zisanu zoyambirira atalembetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, mabizinesi aku Sweden ndi mabungwe amatha kudalira thandizo la PLN 40 18,5. kroons (pafupifupi 40 zlotys zikwi) pogula "magetsi". Phindu lachitatu ndikuchepetsa msonkho ndi XNUMX% mukamagwiritsa ntchito galimoto yamakampani pazolinga zanu.

Maiko ena aku Europe nawonso ayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuyika magetsi kwamakampani amagalimoto. Anthu aku Ireland ndi aku Romania amakwera mpaka 5 pogula galimoto yotsika mtengo. Co-ndalama mu yuro, British kufika 5 mapaundi, Spaniards kuti 6 mayuro zikwi, French mpaka 7 mayuro, ndi okhala Monaco 9 mayuro.

Monga mukuonera, kuwonjezeka kwa magalimoto amagetsi makamaka chifukwa cha zothandizira. Ku Poland, komwe kuli koyipa kwambiri, magalimoto mazana angapo amtunduwu amagulitsidwa pachaka. Izi ndizocheperako kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa ku Germany. Choyamba, tiyenera kukulitsa network yolipira. Pakadali pano, tili ndi mfundo ngati 150 mdziko muno.

Pantographs zam'tsogolo

Kusintha kwamagetsi kumachokera ku kafukufuku ndi kufufuza njira zatsopano zothetsera. Mwachitsanzo, aku Sweden ayamba kuyesa galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi. Ma Model okhala ndi ma pantograph adzayesedwa zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi pamtunda wamakilomita awiri a E16 motorway kumpoto kwa Stockholm. Magalimoto osakanizidwa anapangidwa ndi Scania ndipo tsopano akugwira ntchito ndi Siemens kuti agwirizane nawo ndi traction.

Galimoto ya Scania yokhala ndi pantograph

Nthawi yophunzira ya zaka ziwiri ndikutsimikizira ngati dongosolo, lotchedwa E-Highway, lidzakulitsidwa ndikutsimikizira kukhala yankho logwira ntchito mtsogolo. Zimaganiziridwa kuti dongosololi ponena za mphamvu ziyenera kukhala zowirikiza kawiri kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panopa. Mfundo yake yaikulu ndi pantograph wanzeru pamodzi ndi hybrid drive, amene amalola kusuntha pa liwiro la 90 Km/h. Ili ndi yankho lotengera batire ndi gasi wagalimoto ya hybrid drive system, kotero kuti galimotoyo imatha kuyenda ngakhale itachotsedwa pamzere wapamwamba.

Siemens ikugwira ntchito mofananamo ku California mogwirizana ndi Volvo. Mu 2017, magalimoto okhala ndi zida zoyendetsera msewu wamagetsi womwe ukutuluka adzayesedwa pafupi ndi madoko a Los Angeles ndi Long Beach.

Magalimoto a Ground Rapid Transport opangira anthu okhala ku Singapore.

Kumbali ina ya dziko lapansi, Singapore-based SMRT Services (wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri wonyamula anthu pamsika wamba), pamodzi ndi mnzake wachi Dutch 2 Getthere Holding, akubweretsa ma taxi amagetsi odziyimira pawokha m'misewu ya Singapore, motero akutenga woyamba. malo. kusuntha kusintha kotheratu momwe anthu amasunthira. Adzakwaniritsa zoyendera za anthu onse zomwe zilipo, kukulolani kuti mufike komwe mukupita popanda kusamutsidwa. Mangolo a GRT (Ground Rapid Transport) amafanana ndi ma minibasi. Zitseko zazikulu zodziwikiratu mbali zonse zagalimoto zimalola kuti anthu asinthe mwachangu. Mkati mwamakonda anu mutha kukhala ndi mipando 24 ndi kuyimirira. Zimaganiziridwa kuti chifukwa cha GRT ndizotheka kunyamula anthu 8 pa ola limodzi, pa liwiro lalikulu la 40 km / h.

Kulipiritsa sikuwonjezera mafuta

Mibadwo yotsatira yamagalimoto amagetsi amafanana ndi magalimoto oyaka wamba potengera magwiridwe antchito. Zosiyanasiyana zawo zikuyenda bwino, zomwe zidatchulidwa ndipo zimatchulidwabe kuti ndi imodzi mwazovuta kuchokera kwa omwe angagule. Tesla Model S amalola, mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa pafupifupi 500 Km popanda recharging. Ndiye, ngati kufalitsa sikulinso nkhani, ndi chiyani?

Pamene geji ya petulo kapena dizilo ikuwonetsa kutsika kwamafuta, timayima pasiteshoni ndipo pakatha mphindi zingapo titha kuyendetsanso. Pankhani ya magalimoto amagetsi, mphamvu ikasowa poyendetsa galimoto, tiyenera kusunga nthawi yopumula. Izi ndichifukwa choti zimatengera maola ambiri kuti mudzaze mabatire mpaka 100%.

Komabe, pali malingaliro oti mabatire sayenera kuwonjezeredwa, koma kusinthidwa, zomwe zidzachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yopuma, koma mpaka pano awa ndi njira zothetsera vutoli. Amafunanso opanga kuti akonzenso malingaliro apangidwe kuti m'malo mwake zisawononge nthawi komanso zovuta. M'mindandanda yankhani zaukadaulo, nthawi zina pamakhala malipoti a mayankho "osintha" omwe amachepetsa nthawi yolipiritsa batire mpaka mphindi zochepa. Komabe, monga ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja, omwe ndi otchuka kwambiri kuposa magalimoto amagetsi, amadziwa bwino, njira zoterezi zolipiritsa mofulumira sizinawonekere pamsika wa ogula.

Lamba Wokokera - Loading

Nthawi zina malingaliro aakatswiri amapita patsogolo, kumayendedwe opanda zingwe komanso mayankho ngati misewu yamagetsi yomwe imayendetsa magalimoto mwachangu. Qualcomm yakhala ikugwira ntchito ya Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) kwakanthawi tsopano. Amagwirizana ndi akuluakulu aku UK, ofesi ya Meya wa London ndi bungwe lomwe limayang'anira zoyendera. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayankho otere ndi ndalama zazikulu. Njira yopangira magetsi pamagalimoto ikhala gawo la misewu yapagulu pano.

M’zaka zochepa chabe

Omwe amadziwika kuti ndi mpikisano wamkulu wa Tesla Motors, Faraday Future walandila chilolezo choyesa mawonekedwe ake amagetsi amagetsi pamisewu yaku California. Mabwana ake akuyembekeza kuti ayambe kupanga ndi kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi chaka chamawa, koma palibe mapulani a magalimoto odziimira okha omwe adawululidwa.

2016 Faraday Future FFZERO1 - Concept Car

Faraday Future ndi imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zoyambira ku China zomwe zimayang'ana kupikisana ndi Tesla pamagalimoto amakono amagetsi. Pakadali pano, kampaniyo sinafune kuwulula tsatanetsatane wa pulogalamu yoyendetsa galimoto yodziyimira payokha kupatula kuti dongosololi lipereka zokweza zofanana ndi zomwe Tesla adapereka. Faraday Future si kampani yokhayo yomwe ingayese magalimoto ake pamisewu ya California. Chivomerezo chomwecho chaperekedwa kwa ena khumi ndi atatu omwe akupikisana nawo pamakampani, kuphatikizapo Tesla, Nissan, Volkswagen, Ford, Honda, Mercedes-Benz ndi BMW.

Opanga osiyanasiyana akulengeza mibadwo yatsopano ya zitsanzo zamagalimoto amagetsi, kuyesa ogula m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mu Disembala, Porsche idatsimikiza kuti idayika ndalama zoposa $ 3,5 biliyoni kuti itsegule mizere yopangira yomwe ipange magalimoto oyamba amagetsi onse m'mbiri yamtunduwu. Mission E - Fulumirani mpaka "mazana" mumasekondi 80 ndikukhala ndi ntchito yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woti mupereke batire ndi 15% m'mphindi 6 zokha. Audi akufuna kuyamba kupanga SUV yake yaposachedwa yamagetsi, 2018 Audi Q500, kumayambiriro kwa chaka. Chojambulacho, choperekedwa ku Brussels, chili ndi ma motors atatu amagetsi ndi mabatire, okwanira mtunda wopitilira 2018 km. Mercedes akukonzekera kumasula SUV yoyamba yayitali isanafike 2020. Pofika zaka 500, kampaniyo ikukonzekera kupereka mitundu inayi yamagalimoto amagetsi. Mercedes avumbulutsa chiwonetsero choyamba ku Paris Motor Show mu Okutobala chokhala ndi ma mile pafupifupi XNUMX, malinga ndi Reuters.

Porsche Mission E - chithunzithunzi

Palinso galimoto ya Apple pafupifupi "yodziwika bwino", iCar, ngakhale sizikudziwikabe momwe idzawonekere komanso ngati kampaniyo idzabetcha pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi. Komabe, tikudziwa kuti Apple yakhala ikugwira ntchito molimbika kufunafuna mainjiniya aluso ndi akatswiri okhudzana ndi oyendetsa ndege. Atolankhani aku Germany amatinso galimoto ya Apple iwoneka m'misewu yaku Germany kumapeto kwa 2019 ndi 2020. Pakadali pano, kutchulidwa kwa opanga zida zamagalimoto a Magna International ngati mnzake wopanga magalimoto kukunena zambiri za momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera.

Monga mukuonera, m'dziko la magalimoto amagetsi, tili ndi malingaliro ambiri olimba mtima, zolengeza zambiri, zogulitsa zowonjezereka zothandizidwa ndi boma, ndi zofooka zochepa zaumisiri zomwe siziyenera kuchitidwa mokwanira. Kotero inu mukhoza kuwona mlengalenga, komanso chifunga chozungulira icho.

Kuyesa magalimoto amagetsi ku Sweden:

Kukonzekera komaliza pomanga msewu woyamba wamagetsi padziko lapansi