Wipers: vuto laling'ono koma lofunika

Wipers ndi chinthu chosadziwika, koma chofunikira kwambiri pagalimoto. Mwamsanga zinaonekeratu kuti kunali kosatheka kukwera popanda iwo.

Woyamba magetsi wipers injini anaonekera mu magalimoto Opel. Chosinthira chamasewera cha Opel cha 1928 chinali nacho kale. ma wipers. Mosiyana ndi zizolowezi zathu dzanja lidamangidwa pamwamba pa galasi. Kenako panafunika khama kuti asunthe chofufutiracho.

Ma wiper amagalimoto ali pafupifupi zaka 100. Woyamba anali wovomerezeka mu 1908 ndi Baron Heinrich von Preussen. “Chingwe chake choyeretsera” chinkafunika kusunthidwa ndi dzanja, choncho nthawi zambiri ankagwa pa okwerawo. Ngakhale lingaliro lokhalo silinali lothandiza kwambiri, linasintha chithunzi cha galimotoyo - zinali zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito nyengo yoipa.

Posakhalitsa ku America, dongosolo linapangidwa lomwe limamasula okwera ku ntchito zoyendetsa ma wiper. Iwo amayendetsedwa ndi makina a pneumatic. Tsoka ilo, zimangogwira ntchito ikakhala yoyima, chifukwa galimoto ikamayenda mwachangu, ma wiper amasuntha pang'onopang'ono. Mu 1926, Bosch adayambitsa ma wipers amoto. Yoyamba idayikidwa pagalimoto ya Opel, koma opanga onse adayambitsa chaka chomwecho.

Ma wiper oyamba adayikidwa pambali ya dalaivala yokha. Kwa wokwerayo, zinali zida zodzipangira zokha zomwe zimapezeka m'mawu amanja okha.

Poyamba, mphasayo inali ndodo ya mphira basi. Zinagwira ntchito bwino pamawindo athyathyathya. Komabe, pamene magalimoto okhala ndi mazenera okulira anayamba kupangidwa, ma wiper anayenera kupangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a galasi lakutsogolo. Masiku ano, chogwiriracho chimagwiridwa ndi manja angapo ndi ma knuckles.

"Windshield washer" wina anali makina ochapira mawotchi, omwe adayambitsidwanso ndi Bosch. Zinapezeka kuti rug si yophweka monga izo zikuwonekera. Choncho, zatsopano zosiyanasiyana zinayambika m'zaka za m'ma 60, kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe a aerodynamic a wipers. Mu 1986, ma wipers a windshield adayambitsidwa ndi chowononga chomwe chinawakanikiza ku galasi lakutsogolo pamene akuyendetsa mothamanga kwambiri.

Mpaka lero, maziko opangira ma rugs ndi mphira wachilengedwe, ngakhale lero ndi ennobled ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mawonekedwe a nthenga amasankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta.

Kuchulukirachulukira, zida zodziwikiratu zikuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimayatsa ma wipers pomwe madontho amadzi akuwonekera pagalasi ndikuwongolera liwiro la chopukutira kutengera kukula kwa mvula. Chotero posachedwapa tidzaleka kotheratu kulingalira za iwo.

Samalani m'mbali

Timatchera khutu ku momwe ma wipers alili pokhapokha ngati palibe chilichonse chowona kudzera m'mazenera akuda, amvula. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha wipers, mphindi ino ikhoza kuchedwa kwambiri.

Malinga ndi zomwe Bosch adawona, ma wipers ku Western Europe amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ku Poland - zaka zitatu zilizonse. Moyo wa rug akuyerekeza pafupifupi 125. cycles, i.e. miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, kaŵirikaŵiri amasinthidwa pambuyo pake, chifukwa chakuti masomphenyawo amazoloŵera mikhalidwe yoipitsitsa ndi yoipitsitsa ndipo timatchera khutu ku ma wipers pokhapokha atatopa kwambiri ndipo madera odetsedwa akuwonekera bwino, ndipo chopukutacho sichimatoleranso madzi ochuluka. koma upake pa galasi.

Mkhalidwe wa m'mphepete mwa wiper umakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya wiper. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti musawononge zosafunikira kapena tchipisi. Izi zikhoza kuchitika, mwachitsanzo, pamene ma wipers akutsogolo akuyatsidwa pamene galasi lakutsogolo lauma. Mphepete mwawo kenaka magalasiwo amawonongeka, atakutidwa ndi fumbi ngati sandpaper, kutsika mofulumira kuwirikiza 25 kuposa pamene anyowa. Kumbali ina, chowuma chowuma chimachotsa fumbi ndikuchipaka pagalasi, ndikusiya zipsera. Padzuwa kapena nyali zamoto zomwe zimachokera mbali ina, patapita kanthawi tikhoza kuona zokopa zazing'ono, zomwe muzochitika zoterezi zimasokoneza kwambiri kuwonekera.

Ndiye muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito sprayers. Onetsetsani kuti ali ndi madzi oyenerera. Madzi osayenera amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi rabala ndikuwononga nib.

Mukamatsuka galimoto yanu, ndizofunikanso kupukuta zitsulo zopukuta pamene zimasonkhanitsa zotsalira za tizilombo ndi fumbi, zomwe zimasokoneza m'mphepete ndikuchepetsa mphamvu.

Zikachitika kuti chopukutiracho chikuwuma ku galasi lakutsogolo, musaching'ambe. Choyamba, chifukwa m'mphepete mwake mwaphwanyidwa, ndikusiya mitsinje yamadzi osasamba pagalasi. Kachiwiri, pokoka zolimba, titha kupindika manja opukuta zitsulo. Zidzakhala zosaoneka ndi maso, koma chopukutira sichidzakwanira bwino ku galasi, kotero padzakhala mikwingwirima yambiri.

Palibe amene amakayikira kuti ma wipers amakhudza mawonekedwe. Koma amathanso kuwonjezera kutopa pagalimoto, chifukwa kuwona msewu kudzera m'mazenera omwe ali ndi "tinted" ndi matope kapena ophimbidwa ndi jeti lamadzi lomwe limasokoneza chithunzicho kumafuna kukhazikika komanso kuyesetsa. Mwachidule, kusamalira makapeti ndikusamalira chitetezo chanu.

Chatsopano ku sekondale

Bosch yabweretsa m'badwo watsopano wama wiper ogulitsa ku Poland.

Ma wiper a Aerotwin amasiyana ndi ma wiper achikhalidwe pafupifupi mwanjira iliyonse - makamaka mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana aburashi ndi chogwirizira chomwe chimawathandizira. Bosch adayambitsa ma wiper awiri mu 1994. Burashi imapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu iwiri ya mphira. Mbali yapansi ya wiper ndi yolimba, ndipo m'mphepete mwa burashi imatsuka galasi bwino kwambiri. Imalumikizana ndi armrest kudzera kumtunda wofewa, wosinthika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphasa igwirizane bwino ndi galasi lakutsogolo. Pankhani ya Aerotwin, lever yasinthidwanso. M'malo mwazitsulo zokhazikika zachitsulo, pali mipiringidzo iwiri ya zinthu zosinthika, ndipo mikono ndi mahinji amasinthidwa ndi chowononga chosinthika. Chotsatira chake, chopukutiracho chimakanikizidwa bwino ndi galasi lakutsogolo. Kugawa kwamphamvu kwambiri kumawonjezera moyo ndi 30%, pomwe mawonekedwe a wiper amachepetsa kukana kwa mpweya ndi 25%, zomwe zimachepetsa phokoso. Mapangidwe a bulaketi amakulolani kuti mubise pansi pa chivundikiro cha injini pamene sichikuyenda.

Wipers a mtundu uwu anaikidwa mu magalimoto okwera mtengo kuyambira 1999 (makamaka magalimoto German - Mercedes, Audi ndi Volkswagen, komanso "Skoda Superb" ndi "Renault Vel Satis". Komabe, mpaka pano sizinapezeke kunja kwa maukonde a malo ovomerezeka opangira magalimoto omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito. Tsopano azipezeka m'masitolo akuluakulu ndi m'masitolo.

Bosch akuyerekeza kuti pofika 2007, 80% ya mtundu uwu wa wiper idzagwiritsidwa ntchito. ed.

Pamwamba pa nkhaniyi