Ma disks amlengalenga - okwera mtengo komanso othamanga kwambiri

Pakalipano, chinthu chofulumira kwambiri chomwe chinayambika mumlengalenga ndi munthu ndi kafukufuku wa Voyager, womwe udatha kuthamanga mpaka 17 km / s chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka ya Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus ndi Neptune. Uku ndikochedwa kuwirikiza masauzande angapo kuposa kuwala, komwe kumatenga zaka zinayi kuti ifike ku nyenyezi yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi Dzuwa.

Kuyerekeza pamwambaku kumasonyeza kuti pankhani ya luso loyendetsa maulendo mumlengalenga, timakhalabe ndi zambiri zoti tichite ngati tikufuna kupita kwinakwake kupyola matupi apafupi a dongosolo la dzuwa. Ndipo maulendo ooneka ngati oyandikirawa ndithudi ndiatali kwambiri. Masiku a 1500 othawira ku Mars ndi kubwerera, ndipo ngakhale ndi malo abwino a mapulaneti, sizikumveka zolimbikitsa kwambiri.

Pa maulendo ataliatali, kuwonjezera pa zoyendetsa zofooka kwambiri, pali mavuto ena, mwachitsanzo, ndi katundu, mauthenga, mphamvu zamagetsi. Ma sola salipira dzuŵa kapena nyenyezi zina zikakhala kutali. Zida za nyukiliya zimagwira ntchito mokwanira kwa zaka zochepa.

Kodi zotheka ndi ziyembekezo za chitukuko cha umisiri wochulukirachulukira ndikupereka liŵiro lapamwamba ku zouluka zathu? Tiyeni tiwone mayankho omwe alipo kale komanso omwe ali otheka mwaukadaulo komanso mwasayansi, ngakhale akadali ongopeka.

Panopa: makemikolo ndi ion roketi

Pakadali pano, kuthamangitsidwa kwamankhwala kumagwiritsidwabe ntchito pamlingo waukulu, monga ma hydrogen amadzimadzi ndi maroketi okosijeni. Kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe kungapezeke chifukwa cha iwo ndi pafupifupi 10 km / s. Ngati titha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu yokoka mumlengalenga, kuphatikiza padzuwa lokha, sitima yokhala ndi injini ya rocket yamankhwala imatha kupitilira 100 km / s. Liwiro laling'ono la Voyager ndi chifukwa chakuti cholinga chake sichinali kupeza liwiro lalikulu. Sanagwiritsenso ntchito afterburner ndi injini panthawi yamphamvu yokoka ya mapulaneti.

Ma ion thrusters ndi injini za rocket momwe ma ion amathamangira chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwamagetsi ndizomwe zimanyamula. Imagwira bwino kwambiri kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa ma injini a rocket a chemical. Ntchito pa injini inayamba pakati pa zaka zapitazo. M'matembenuzidwe oyamba, mpweya wa mercury unagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa. Noble gas xenon imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.

Mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku injini zimachokera kunja (ma solar panel, riyakitala yomwe imapanga magetsi). Ma atomu a gasi amasanduka ma ion abwino. Ndiye imathandizira mchikakamizo cha mphamvu ya magetsi kapena maginito, kufika liwiro la 36 Km / s.

Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa chinthu chotulutsidwa kumatsogolera ku mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri pa unit mass ya chinthu chotulutsidwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi operekera, kuchuluka kwa chonyamulira chothamangitsidwa kumakhala kochepa, komwe kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa rocket. Sitima yapamadzi yokhala ndi injini yoteroyo imayenda mothamanga pang'ono.

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