Injini Volkswagen: mitundu, makhalidwe, mavuto ndi matenda

Kukhudzidwa kwa Volkswagen kumapanga ma powertrains osiyanasiyana, omwe amaphatikizapo injini zamafuta a spark ignition ndi injini za dizilo zoyatsira. Chodetsa nkhawa chimayika zosintha zake pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto.

Zambiri za injini za Volkswagen Group

Nkhawa ya Volkswagen, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Berlin pa Meyi 28, 1937, idalengeza kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kupanga magalimoto otsika mtengo okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri. Makinawa amayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

• chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri;
• injini yodalirika;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mwachuma;
• chitonthozo chovomerezeka;
• salon kwa anthu anayi;
• kukhudzidwa kochepa pa chilengedwe;
• kukongoletsa bwino kwabwino.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, nkhawa imayenera kupanga magalimoto a bajeti okhala ndi injini yamphamvu komanso yachuma.

Mwiniwake aliyense wa VW Beetle ankadziyerekezera ali m’galimoto yokhala ndi injini yamphamvu

Kusintha kwa injini za Volkswagen

Ma injini onse opangidwa ndi Gulu la Volkswagen amayesedwa mu malo ovomerezeka a Deutsches Institut für Normung. Mayunitsiwa ali ndi njira yabwino yojambulira jekeseni komanso makina otulutsa mpweya wabwino. Gululi lalandira mphoto zingapo zatsopano chifukwa cha injini zake.

Ma powertrains onse apangidwa motsatira miyezo ya chilengedwe ya Volkswagen

M'mbiri yake yonse, nkhawa yayesera kuti injiniyo ikhale yachuma. Zotsatira za maphunzirowa zinali gawo lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito malita 3 amafuta pa 100 km. Inali injini ya dizilo yamasilinda atatu yokhala ndi voliyumu ya malita 1,2 yokhala ndi chipika cha aluminiyamu, jakisoni, turbocharger ndi kuziziritsa kwa mpweya woperekedwa. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa masilindala kunakhudza pang'ono mawonekedwe a injini. Pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa, chipangizochi chinasonyeza mphamvu zabwino chifukwa cha:

• kuchepetsa kulemera kwa injini;
• kuchepetsa kukangana pakati pa mfundo ndi zigawo;
• kuwonjezera mphamvu ya kuyaka kwa osakaniza mpweya-mafuta;
• kusinthika kwadongosolo la jakisoni ndi mpweya wotulutsa turbocharger.

Banja la injini zamafuta zopepuka za turbocharged limakhazikitsa njira yatsopano kwa gululo

Woyamba injini za Volkswagen

Mu 1938, VW Type 1 idayambitsidwa, ndikusintha injini ya F4 ya silinda inayi idayikidwa kumbuyo ndikuzizidwa ndi mpweya. Chigawochi chinali ndi mphamvu ya malita 1,131 ndi mphamvu ya malita 34. Ndi. M'kati mwa chisinthiko, voliyumu ya injini yawonjezeka kuchokera ku 1,2 mpaka 1,6 malita. Chitsanzo chaposachedwa chinali kuphatikiza koyenera kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuchita bwino komanso kudalirika. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe a carburetor, kuchuluka koyenera kunawonedwa popanga chisakanizo choyaka. Injini ya 1,6 lita inayala maziko a mzere wa injini zamagalimoto onyamula katundu ndi okwera.

Mphamvu yopanga injini ya Volkswagen injini ku Kaluga imalola kupanga injini mpaka 5000 pachaka.

Mafotokozedwe a injini za Volkswagen

Injini yokhazikika ya Volkswagen ndi gawo la ma silinda anayi okhala ndi camshaft pamwamba komanso kuziziritsa kwamadzi. Nthawi zambiri chipika cha silinda, mutu wake ndi ma pistoni amapangidwa ndi aluminum alloy, ndipo crankshaft yokhala ndi ma bere atatu othandizira imapangidwa ndi zitsulo zopukutira.

Ma injini a Volkswagen ali ndi izi:

• mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito - petulo kapena dizilo;
• dongosolo yozizira - mpweya kapena madzi;
• mtundu wa makonzedwe a silinda - mu mzere, V-woboola pakati kapena VR;
• voliyumu - kuchokera 1 mpaka 5 l;
• mphamvu - kuchokera 25 mpaka 420 malita. Ndi.;
• mafuta - kuchokera 3 mpaka 10 malita pa 100 makilomita;
• chiwerengero cha silinda - kuchokera 3 mpaka 10;
• pisitoni m'mimba mwake - mpaka 81 mm;
• chiwerengero cha ntchito zozungulira - 2 kapena 4;
• mtundu wa zoyatsira zosakaniza - kuyatsa kapena kuponderezana;
• chiwerengero cha camshafts - 1, 2 kapena 4;
• chiwerengero cha mavavu mu chipinda choyaka moto ndi 2 kapena 4.

Ma injini a petulo a TSI ndiwophatikiza bwino ntchito komanso chuma. Ngakhale pa liwiro lotsika, amapereka torque yayikulu, ndipo kuphatikiza kopangidwa mwaluso kwa piston kusamutsidwa, turbocharging ndi jakisoni wachindunji kumapereka ngakhale mafuta.

The mafuta jekeseni atomize ndi kuyaka osakaniza pansi kuthamanga kwambiri

Ma injini a mafuta a Volkswagen amadziwika ndi:

• mapangidwe osakaniza mafuta mu zobwezedwa zobwezedwa kapena mwachindunji mu chipinda kuyaka;
• kuyatsa kusakaniza kuchokera ku spark plugs;
• kuyaka yunifolomu ya osakaniza;
• kachulukidwe kusintha osakaniza;
• Mfundo inayi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kusintha kwa crankshaft ndi ngodya ya 720 °.

Ma injini a dizilo a Volkswagen TDI okhala ndi turbocharging ndi jekeseni wamafuta mwachindunji amadziwika ndi:

• mtengo wogwira;
• mphamvu yokoka kwambiri;
• zokolola;
• kudalirika pakugwira ntchito.

Kukhuthala kokwanira kwa mafuta a dizilo kumatsimikizira kusakanikirana kwabwino mu chipinda choyaka

The ntchito ya Volkswagen injini dizilo yodziwika ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:

• mapangidwe osakaniza mafuta ndi mpweya mu chipinda choyaka moto;
• kudziwotcha kwamafuta kuchokera ku mpweya woponderezedwa;
• mkulu psinjika chiŵerengero;
• Kukonzekera kwapamwamba kwa osakaniza;
• mfundo ya ntchito ya injini ya sitiroko anayi kwa zosintha ziwiri za crankshaft.

Okonza adatha kuyika injini yayikulu kwambiri mu chipinda cha injini

Ubwino wa injini zamafuta a Volkswagen ndi:

• chiŵerengero chochepa cha kulemera kwa mphamvu (kg/kW);
• osiyanasiyana ntchito;
• mphamvu zabwino;
• mtengo wotsika;
• nyengo zonse;
• kumasuka kukonza.

Komabe, mayunitsiwa alinso ndi zovuta zake. Choyamba ndi:

• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri;
• kutsika kofooka pa liwiro lotsika;
• kuwonjezeka kwa kudya pamene mukukweza kanyumba;
• kuyaka kwamafuta.

Magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a Volkswagen Jettas a 2013 ali ndi injini ya XNUMX-lita ya turbodiesel.

Ubwino wa injini za dizilo ndi:

• mafuta otsika;
• torque yayikulu;
• kusowa kwa spark plugs;
• kusamalira bwino pa liwiro lotsika;
• kusamalira bwino m'magiya apamwamba.

Kuipa kwa dizilo ndi:

• zofunika kwambiri za mafuta abwino;
• nyengo yamafuta (vuto kuyambira nyengo yozizira);
• utumiki wokwera mtengo kwambiri;
• kufunikira kotsatira mosamalitsa pafupipafupi kusintha mafuta ndi zosefera;
• mtengo wokwera.

Ma injini a Volkswagen amagalimoto

Magalimoto onyamula katundu wolemetsa nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa mothamanga kwambiri ndipo amafuna mphamvu yowonjezera ya injini. Njira yabwino kwa iwo ndi injini ya dizilo yotanuka yokhala ndi chiŵerengero choyenera cha mphamvu zake ndi kulemera kwa galimoto. Kukwera kwamphamvu kwa injini, kuthamanga kwachangu kumachitika. Izi ndizowona makamaka m'matauni, komwe mayunitsi a dizilo amagwira bwino kwambiri kuposa amafuta.

Injini ya VW Crafter ndi kuphatikiza kwa zochitika, magwiridwe antchito komanso chuma

Kukonzekera kwa silinda mu injini za Volkswagen

Malingana ndi malo a masilinda, pali:

• injini yamagetsi;
• injini zooneka ngati V;
• VR injini.

Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake.

inline injini

Injini ya pistoni wamba ndi masilindala angapo omwe amakonzedwa pambuyo pa mnzake. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi masilinda anayi, kuwerengera komwe kumayambira mbali ya flywheel.

Injini ya ma silinda anayi nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto.

Monga mwayi wa injini ya sitiroko zinayi yokhala ndi crankshaft yotalika nthawi yayitali, mphamvu zabwino komanso zotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri zimadziwika. Kuipa kwa chipangizo ichi ndi kuchuluka kwa zofunikira za malo mu chipinda cha injini, chofunikira pa malo a chipika cha masilinda anayi.

V-injini

Injini yooneka ngati V imakhala ndi masilindala angapo pamakona wina ndi mzake. Ngodya yopendekera imatha kufika 180 °. Chifukwa cha izi, ma cylinders ambiri amatha kuikidwa pamalo ochepa. Ma injini onse okhala ndi masilinda asanu ndi atatu kapena kupitilira apo amakhala amtundu wa V (V6, V8 kapena V12). Magawo a V4, poyerekeza ndi omwe ali mumzere, ali ndi chiwerengero chabwino cha kulemera kwa mphamvu, koma ndi okwera mtengo kupanga.

Injini yooneka ngati V imakhala ndi masilindala angapo omwe amakhala pamtunda wina ndi mnzake

Poyerekeza ndi injini yapamzere, V-injini ndi yaying'ono komanso yopepuka. Choncho, V12 ndi yaitali pang'ono kuposa silinda silinda mu mzere injini. Choyipa chake ndi kapangidwe kake kovutirapo, zovuta zina pakusanja, kugwedezeka kwakukulu komanso kufunikira kobwereza mfundo zina.

Kanema: 8-cylinder V-injini ntchito

Animated V8 Engine

VR injini

Injini ya VR yopangidwa ndi nkhawa ndi symbiosis ya V-injini yokhala ndi ngodya yotsika kwambiri (15 °) ndi gawo la mzere. Masilinda ake asanu ndi limodzi amakonzedwa pakona ya 15 °. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi V-injini zachikhalidwe, momwe ngodya iyi ndi 60 ° kapena 90 °. Ma pistoni ali mu chipika mu mawonekedwe a checkerboard. Mapangidwe awa amakulolani kuti muphatikize kuchuluka kwa injini yooneka ngati V ndi m'lifupi mwake kakang'ono ka injini yamzere ndikupulumutsa kwambiri malo mu chipinda cha injini.

VR injini ndi osakaniza V-injini ndi in-line injini

Injini ya VR ilinso ndi zovuta zingapo:

• ngodya yayikulu yokhotakhota ya ndodo zolumikizira imatsogolera ku katundu wambiri wa radial pa pistoni;
• kutalika kosagwirizana kwa njira zolowera ndi kutulutsa kumakhudza mpweya ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya;
• kupanga mutu wa silinda ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Makhalidwe a injini za Volkswagen AG

Vuto la Volkswagen limapanga injini zamafuta ndi dizilo.

Ma injini amafuta a Volkswagen

Pakusintha kwa injini zamafuta a Volkswagen, mutha kusiyanitsa mitundu ingapo yayikulu.

1. Chithunzi cha E111 Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ma injini a EA111 adayikidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1970 pamagalimoto a VW Polo. Anali pamizere yamainjini amafuta amafuta amafuta atatu ndi ma silinda anayi. Camshaft imayendetsedwa ndi lamba wa mano kuchokera ku crankshaft. Shaft yapakati inkayang'anira pampu yamafuta ndi choyatsira moto. Ma injini a EA111 anali ndi VW Polo, VW Golf, VW Touran.
   

   Ma injini a EA111 amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu ya VW Polo, VW Golf ndi VW Touran
2. Chithunzi cha E827 Kupanga kwa seri ya injini za EA827 kudayamba mu 1972. Magawo a silinda anayi ndi asanu ndi atatu anali ndi makina oziziritsira madzi odalirika ndipo anaikidwa pa VW Golf ndi VW Passat.
   

   Kupanga kwa seri ya injini za EA827 kudayamba mu 1972
3. Chithunzi cha E113 Ma injini a EA113 ayikidwa m'magalimoto ambiri - kuchokera ku Audi 80, Seat Leon, Škoda Octavia kupita ku VW Golf ndi VW Jetta. Ma motors a mndandandawu adaperekedwa pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa International Engine of the Year.
4. Chithunzi cha EA211 Magawo amtundu uwu wa EA211 ndikusintha kwa injini za TSI za silinda zinayi zokhala ndi turbocharging ndi jakisoni wachindunji. Poyerekeza ndi Mabaibulo akale, kutalika kwa injini yatsika ndi 50 mm. Kulemera kwa injini ya aluminium alloy ndi 97 kg kwa 1,2 TSI ndi 106 kg kwa 1,4 TSI. Kuti muchepetse kulemera, ma pistoni okhala ndi pansi pansi amaikidwa. Chipangizochi chili ndi makina ozizirira amitundu iwiri. M'malo otentha kwambiri, injiniyo imatsitsidwa ndi pampu yoyendetsedwa ndi makina, pomwe dera lotsika la kutentha limaphatikizapo intercooler ndi nyumba ya turbocharger.
   
   

   Injini ya EA211 ndikusintha kwa injini ya TSI ya ma silinda anayi a turbocharged mwachindunji.
5. Chithunzi cha E888 Inayi yamphamvu EA888 injini yokhala ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku 151 mpaka 303 hp. Ndi. ili ndi ma jakisoni apawiri, poyikira jekeseni, midadada ya injini yopyapyala yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, kuzungulira kwa gasi wotulutsa ndi kuziziritsa. Palibe coil yoyatsira. Injini ya Volkswagen Golf R400 Galimoto ya Galimoto yokhala ndi ma gudumu onse ndi gearbox ya sikisi-liwiro yokhala ndi malita 2,0 ili ndi mphamvu ya 400 hp. Ndi. Kufikira 100 Km / h, galimoto yoteroyo imathamanga mumasekondi 3,8.
   

   Kugwiritsa ntchito ma chain drive munthawi yake kumawonjezera moyo wa injini ya EA888

Table: specifications luso Volkswagen injini mafuta

kachidindo	Voliyumu, cm3	Kusintha	mphamvu, kwt	Mphamvu, hp ndi.	Mtundu wamagalimoto	Kuyamba kwa kupanga, chaka	Kusiya, chaka
1	1100	F4	18	25	Lembani 1	1947	1954
1	1200	F4	22	30	Lembani 1	1954	1960
1	1500	F4	31	42	Lembani 2	1963	1964
1	1500	F4	33	45	Lembani 3	1961	1965
1V	1600	I4	45	60	Gulf, Jeta	1989	1992
2H	1800	I4	73	98	Golf Convertible	1989	1993
ABS	1791	I4	66	90	Gofu, Vento, Passat	1991	1994
ADR	1781	I4	92	125	Passat	1996	1999
ADX	1300	I4	41	55	Polo	1994	1995
AGZ	2324	V5	110	150	Golf, Bora, Passat	1997	2001
AJH	1781	I4T	110	150	Polo, Golf, Jetta, Passat	2001	2004
Mtengo wa APQ	1400	I4	45	60	Polo, Golf, Mphepo	1995	1998
Zamgululi	1781	I4T	125	170	Jetta, New Beetle, Passat	2002	2005
OLETSA	5998	V12	309	420	phiri	2002	-
BAR	4163	V8	257	349	Touareg	2006	-

Patebulo, injini zimakonzedwa molingana ndi zilembo zamakalata. Ma injini a VW Beetle ndi VW Transporter asanafike 1965 analibe zilembo. Zalembedwa patebulo ndi code 1.

Ma injini a dizilo a Volkswagen

oimira chachikulu cha Volkswagen injini dizilo banja mayunitsi zotsatirazi.

1. Chithunzi cha E188 Mapangidwe a injini amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ma valve awiri ndi pampu ya jakisoni. Mabaibulo amapezeka ndi voliyumu ya 1,2 mpaka 4,9 malita ndi ma cylinders angapo kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 10. Mutu wa silinda wamagulu amphamvu kwambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula, opanda mphamvu kwambiri amapangidwa ndi aluminiyumu yokhala ndi zitsulo zotayidwa.
   
   

   Kuti akwaniritse inertia yosafunikira, injiniyo imakhala ndi shaft yoyendetsedwa ndi unyolo kuchokera ku crankshaft.

2. Chithunzi cha E189 Injini za mndandanda uwu ndi mayunitsi anayi (1,6-2,0 l) ndi mayunitsi atatu (1,2 l). Injiniyo ili ndi turbocharger, njira yochepetsera kutentha kwa mpweya wocheperako komanso fyuluta ya dizilo. Zochuluka zomwe zimalowetsamo zimakhala ndi zotchingira zomwe zimawongolera mosalekeza kutuluka kwa mpweya ukubwera. Pa RPM yotsika, ma dampers awa amatseka, ndipo liwiro la injini likamakwera kufika 3000 RPM, amakhala otseguka.

   

   Chophimbacho chimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndipo chili ndi ma camshaft awiri
3. Chithunzi cha VW288 Injini za mndandandawu zikuimiridwa ndi mitundu itatu ndi inayi yamphamvu. Pankhani ya ma cylinders atatu, chipikacho chimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, ndipo ngati zinayi, chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo. Silinda iliyonse ili ndi ma valve anayi. Injiniyi idapangidwa ndi ma camshafts awiri apamwamba oyendetsedwa ndi lamba wokhala ndi mano. Kuti mufulumizitse kutentha kwa unit, makina ozizira amagawidwa m'mabwalo angapo. Chozizira chimadutsa pamutu wa silinda ndi chozizira cha EGR.
4. Chithunzi cha E898 Mu 2016, nkhawa idayamba kukhazikitsa injini zamasilinda asanu ndi atatu a EA898 okhala ndi ngodya ya 90 ° pamagalimoto angapo. Chigawo chokhala ndi mphamvu mpaka malita 320. Ndi. ali ndi crankcase yachitsulo, ma valve anayi pa silinda, ma camshaft anayi, ma turbocharger a gasi oziziritsidwa ndi madzi komanso ma turbine geometry osinthika. Pa crankshaft imathamanga mpaka 2200 rpm, turbocharger imodzi ndi valve imodzi yotulutsa mpweya pa silinda imagwira ntchito, ndipo pamene liwiro lozungulira likuwonjezeka, ma valve onse otulutsa mpweya amatsegulidwa. Turbocharger yachiwiri imayimbidwa ndi gasi kuchokera ku mavavu achiwiri otulutsa mpweya. Ngati crankshaft iyamba kutembenuka mwachangu kuposa 2700 rpm, mavavu onse anayi mu masilinda ayamba kugwira ntchito.
   

   Eyiti yamphamvu V woboola pakati injini ali ndi buku la malita 3,956

Table: Mafotokozedwe a injini ya dizilo ya Volkswagen

kachidindo	mawu, cm3	Kusintha	mphamvu, kwt	Mphamvu, hp ndi.	Mtundu wamagalimoto	Kuyamba kwa kupanga, chaka	Kusiya, chaka
1Z	1896	I4T	66	90	Polo, Golf, Sharan, Passat	1993	1997
AAB	2370	I5	57	77	Transporter, Syncro	1990	1998
AAZ	1896	I4T	55	75	Gofu, Vento, Passat	1991	1998
AEF	1900	I4	48	64	Polo, Kadi	1994	1996
AFN	1896	I4T	81	110	Gofu, Vento, Passat, Sharan	1995	1999
IGA	1896	I4T	66	90	Polo, Golf, Jetta	1999	2001
AHF	1896	I4T	81	110	Gulf, Jeta	1997	2006
AHH	1896	I4T	66	90	Passat	1996	2000
AJM	1896	I4T	85	116	Golf, Jetta, Passat	1998	2002
AJS	1896	I4T	230	313	phiri	2002	2006
AKN	4921	Zamgululi	110	150	Passat	1999	2003
KOMA	2496	Zamgululi	66	90	Polo, Jetta, Caddy	1997	1999
Alh	1896	I4T	66	90	Polo, Golf, Jetta, New Beetle	1997	2004
CHINSINSI	1896	I4T	110	150	Gulf, Jeta	2000	2006
ASV	1896	I4T	81	110	Polo, Golf, Jetta	1999	2006

Kanema: Ntchito ya injini ya Volkswagen W8

Volkswagen W8 injini

Mafakitole opangira injini zamagalimoto a Volkswagen

Gulu la Volkswagen ndiye wopanga magalimoto wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero cha antchito ndi 370 anthu zikwi omwe amagwira ntchito pa zomera 61 m'mayiko 15 a ku Ulaya, North ndi South America, Asia ndi Africa. Kufikira magalimoto 26600 amapangidwa chaka chilichonse ndikugulitsidwa m'maiko 150. Malo akuluakulu opanga ma Volkswagen powertrains ndi awa:

1. Chomera cha Volkswagen ku Chemnitz. Ndi gawo la Volkswagen Sachsen GmbH. Amapanga mafuta a silinda anayi ndi injini za dizilo zokhala ndi jakisoni wachindunji wamafuta ndi zida zamagulu a TSI. Zimapanga injini za 555 pachaka. Imatengedwa ngati likulu la ukatswiri waukadaulo watsopano. Chidwi kwambiri chimaperekedwa kuzinthu zochepetsera kuwononga mafuta komanso kusungitsa mpweya wabwino, poyang'ana kwambiri CO.₂. Malowa amagwiritsa ntchito anthu pafupifupi 1000.
   

   Akatswiri aukadaulo ochokera kufakitale ya Chemnitz adathandizira kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa dizilo wa njanji
2. Volkswagen fakitale ku Dresden. Inakhazikitsidwa mu December 2001. Mulinso malo ochitira msonkhano a VW Phaeton okhala ndi mkati mwapamwamba opangidwa ndi manja. Pafupifupi magalimoto 6000 amapangidwa pachaka. Amazindikira lingaliro la kuphatikiza conveyor ndi ntchito yamanja. Wogula amatha kuwona momwe kusonkhana kwagalimoto kukuyendera kumalo opangira 55000 m.². Galimoto yomalizidwa ikuyembekezera mwiniwake munsanja ya galasi 40 mamita pamwamba. Kampaniyo ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 800.
   

   Chomera cha Dresden chimaphatikizapo malo osonkhanitsira a VW Phaeton okhala ndi nyumba zapamwamba zopangidwa ndi manja
3. Volkswagen fakitale ku Salzgitter. Ndiwopanga injini yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Tsiku lililonse kudera la 2,8 miliyoni m² mpaka 7 injini za petulo ndi dizilo zimasonkhanitsidwa mumitundu 370 ya VW, Audi, Seat, Škoda ndi Porsche Cayenne. Ndiwodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi ya silinda sikisitini yokhala ndi malita 1000. Ndi. kwa Bugatti Veyron. Kuphatikiza apo, imapanga zida zama injini zamafakitale ena. Injini ya 50 miliyoni idatulutsidwa posachedwa (inakhala gawo la TDI la EA288 la VW Golf yatsopano). Malowa amagwiritsa ntchito anthu pafupifupi 6000.
   

   Chomera cha Volkswagen ku Salzgitter ndichopanga injini zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
4. Chomera cha Volkswagen ku Kaluga. Ili ku Grabzevo Technology Park ku Kaluga. Ndilo likulu lopanga la Volkswagen ku Russia. Bzalani ndi malo a 30 zikwi mamita² amapereka injini zamagalimoto onse a Volkswagen ophatikizidwa ku Russia. Kukhoza kupanga ndi injini 150 zikwi pachaka. Mu 2016, kupanga chomeracho kunali pafupifupi 30% ya magalimoto onse ku Russia omwe ali ndi injini zopangidwa kwanuko.
   

   Chomera ku Kaluga chimapereka injini zamagalimoto onse aku Russia a Volkswagen

Ma injini a contract

Injini iliyonse imakhala ndi moyo wocheperako. Pambuyo pazithandizozi, mwini galimotoyo akhoza:

• kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini yachibadwidwe;
• kugula pansi pa mgwirizano ku Europe kapena America ndikuyika injini yogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Galimoto ya mgwirizano imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi zofunikira zaumisiri, ndi gawo logwirira ntchito lomwe limachotsedwa pagalimoto yofanana.

Ma injini onse a mgwirizano amayesedwa kale. Othandizira nthawi zambiri amasintha machitidwe onse, amayesa kuyesa ndikutsimikizira kuti palibe vuto komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Kuphatikiza pa injini zamakontrakitala, zikalata zaukadaulo, zomata ndi zinthu zokwera zikuphatikizidwa.

Kuwongolera injini yamagalimoto sikoyenera nthawi zonse. Makamaka ngati chitsanzo ichi chatha kale.

Kotero, bwenzi lodziwika bwino linali ndi galimoto yoyambirira ya Volkswagen Golf 1.4 ndi kufala kwamanja mu 1994. Makinawa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chonse komanso pa mpata uliwonse. Nthawi zina, zodzaza mpaka malire. Galimoto yakale movutikira idadutsa kukwera ndi injini si kutsitsimuka koyamba. Makina, ngakhale yaying'ono, koma yotakata. Mu zaka zisanu umwini anasintha dengu zowalamulira ndi kumasula kubala. Malamba a nthawi ndi zodzigudubuza zimawonedwa ngati zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Akukonzekera kusintha ma pistoni ndikupanga kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, komanso kutsika pang'ono. Koma paumodzi wa maulendowo, sanasunge kutentha kwake ndipo anatenthetsa injiniyo kotero kuti anasuntha mutu wake. Kukonza kunali pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya mtengo wa galimotoyo. Uwu ndi mtengo wokwera wagalimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito, osawerengera nthawi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso, kufunafuna magawo apachiyambi kapena ma analogi ofanana. Ndiye ife tinalibe lingaliro za kuthekera m'malo injini ndi seti wathunthu. Tsopano iwo sakanaganiza nkomwe za izo.

Ubwino wa injini yogulidwa pansi pa mgwirizano ndi:

• khalidwe la fakitale;
• ntchito pa mafuta apamwamba;
• kuvala pang'ono;
• gwero lalikulu la ntchito;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta abwino kwambiri;
• kusamala mtima kuchokera kwa eni ake akale;
• kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo yosamalira;
• utumiki wogulitsa;
• mtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi gawo latsopano.

Kuipa kwa injini zotere ndi monga:

• mtunda wautali wa magalimoto akunja;
• kulephera kuyang'ana moyo wautumiki;
• kusowa kwa zitsimikizo kuti mwiniwake wakale adzatsatira malangizo a wopanga.

Simuyenera kugula magetsi opitilira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Izi ndi zoona kwa injini za dizilo.

Moyo wa injini ya Volkswagen ndi chitsimikizo cha wopanga

Kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa injini kuvala kumakhala kovuta, chifukwa zimatengera:

• gwero loyendetsedwa ndi wopanga;
• zochitika;
• katundu wagalimoto;
• kalembedwe kagalimoto.

Volkswagen imatsimikizira kuti gawo lililonse ndi msonkhano wagalimoto zimakwaniritsa zofunikira. Chitsimikizochi chimagwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi kapena 20 km (chilichonse chomwe chimachitika poyamba) kuyambira tsiku logulira magawo amodzi ndi zaka 4 kapena 100 km pagalimoto yonse.

Kupanda chisamaliro choyenera ku injini kudzafulumizitsa kuvala kwake.

Makina odalirika samayambitsa vuto ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe amasinthidwa pafupipafupi ndi mafuta a injini.

Chitsimikizo chimathetsedwa pazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa:

• kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika;
• kusasamala pa nthawi ya ntchito;
• kusintha ndi kusinthidwa kwa zigawo ndi misonkhano;
• kukonza molakwika;
• kusintha kolakwika kwa mfundo za munthu;
• kuwonongeka mwadala kwa ziwalo;
• kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo ndi zogwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi chitsanzo ichi;
• kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto pazifukwa zopikisana komanso zakunja;
• kusagwirizana ndi magawo omwe akulimbikitsidwa komanso zofunikira zogwirira ntchito;
• kugundana ndi zinthu;
• kuwononga ena;
• kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe;
• kusefukira kwa madzi;
• ngozi;
• moto.

Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito

Pogula galimoto yatsopano kuwonjezera moyo wa injini, akatswiri amalangiza kulabadira mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Makilomita chikwi choyamba pagalimoto yatsopano sayenera kuyendetsedwa mothamanga kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwa crankshaft sikuyenera kupitirira 75% ya mtengo wokwanira wotheka. Kupanda kutero, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumawonjezeka ndikuyamba kuvala mkati mwa masilinda. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri gwero la gawo lamagetsi.
2. Injini iyenera kutenthedwa musanayendetse. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamainjini a turbo ndi ma dizilo.
3. M'mainjini atsopano a dizilo, mulingo wamafuta uyenera kuyang'aniridwa pamafuta aliwonse.
4. Nthawi yokonza injini yoperekedwa ndi Volkswagen iyenera kuwonedwa mosamalitsa.

Kudzifufuza kwa injini

M'galimoto yamakono, gawo loyendetsa injini limayendetsa ntchito za masensa ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu. Zowonongeka zomwe zingatheke zimasonyezedwa ndi nyali zowonetsera mumagulu a zida - mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cha Check Engine. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera pa doko lodziwika bwino la OBD-II, mutha kulumikiza zida zowunikira ndikupeza chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chokhudza machitidwe amunthu payekha powerenga manambala olakwika.

Kudzifufuza nokha kumakupatsani mwayi wopewa ndalama zowonjezera mukayendera ntchito yamagalimoto

Kukhala kumidzi, nthawi zonse simukhala ndi nthawi ndi mwayi wopita kumalo othandizira. Koma simuyenera kupirira zovuta, chifukwa padzakhala mavuto ambiri. Chifukwa chake, chojambulira chojambulira chidandithandizira kuzindikira sensor yolakwika yokhala ndi code P0326 "Signal out of range". Komanso, adaputala anathandiza paokha kudziwa vuto m'dera ndi pafupifupi wotha maburashi jenereta. Code P0562 idadziwitsidwa za kuchuluka kwamagetsi otsika a netiweki. Njira yothetsera vutoli inali kusintha "tablet" ndi kopi yatsopano. Kugwiritsa ntchito scanner ngakhale munjira yowerengera zolakwika kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe amtundu wa injini. Ndipo nthawi zina kunali kokwanira kukonzanso zolakwika zamakina apakompyuta pomwe zidapezeka kuti zidawoneka kuti zikuyenda bwino pamsewu.

Zida zowunikira zofunikira

Kuti muzindikire zamakompyuta mudzafunika:

• chipangizo chodziwira matenda chofanana ndi makina amagetsi a galimoto;
• kompyuta kapena foni yam'manja kuti isinthe zomwe mwalandira.

Kudzera pa doko la OBD-II lokhazikika, mutha kulumikiza adaputala yozindikira ndikupeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito agalimoto iliyonse.

Kuthetsa mavuto algorithm ya OBD-II diagnostic adaputala

1. Lumikizani adaputala ndi galimoto yozimitsa.
2. Lowetsani scanner mu doko la OBD-2.
   
   

   Pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chokhazikika, mutha kulumikiza zida zosiyanasiyana zojambulira
3. Yatsani poyatsira. Sikana yolumikizidwa idzayatsidwa yokha.
   

   Ndi ntchito zambiri za adapter, mwayi wozindikira zolakwika zobisika umakulitsidwa
4. Pezani chipangizo chojambulira pa kompyuta kapena foni yamakono - chidzatanthauzidwa ngati kugwirizana kwa doko la COM kapena chipangizo cha bluetooth.
   

   Pulogalamuyi idzalola mwiniwake aliyense wagalimoto kuti amvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa injini

Makina ozizira injini ya Volkswagen

Kuyenda bwino kwa injini za Volkswagen kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu ndi kudalirika kwa dongosolo lozizira, lomwe ndi dera lotsekedwa lolumikiza magetsi, radiator ndi mapaipi. Zoziziritsa (zozizira) zimazungulira muderali. Madzi otentha amatenthedwa mu radiator. Maziko a zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi ethylene glycol, yomwe imakhala yokhazikika pa kutentha kwakukulu. Wopanga amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya zoziziritsa kukhosi.

Zoziziritsa injini nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamitundu kotero kuti kudontha kulikonse kumakhala kosavuta kuwona.

Makina ozizira a injini ndi dera lotsekedwa lomwe antifreeze imayendetsedwa mokakamiza: 1 - radiator; 2 - pompa; 3 - wokonda; 4 - thermostat; 5 - chotenthetsera mkati; 6 - valavu yotenthetsera kanyumba; 7 - injini; 8 - kayendedwe ka mpweya

Pampu yamadzi imapereka kuzungulira kokakamiza kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi kudzera mugawo lozizirira ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi lamba. Mapaipi a injini yozizira ya Volkswagen amakhala ndi ma hoses, radiator ndi thanki yokulirapo. Zida zowongolera kutentha zimaphatikizapo masensa, thermostat, radiator ndi kapu ya thanki yowonjezera ndi fan. Zinthu zonsezi zimagwira ntchito mopanda mphamvu. Kuwongolera kutentha kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi kapangidwe ka mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.

Kuzizira kwa dongosolo lozizira

Mavuto ambiri a dongosolo lozizirira amakhala chifukwa cha kusowa kosamalira bwino zinthu zake komanso kusintha kwanthawi yayitali kwa choziziritsira. Radiator ndi mapaipi amatha kuvala, kuchepetsa kuziziritsa bwino.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono a zoziziritsa kukhosi pansi pagalimoto pambuyo pa kuyimitsidwa kwausiku ndi fungo lamphamvu la zoziziritsa kukhosi poyendetsa.

Vuto lodziwika bwino la dongosolo lozizira ndi:

• kutsika koziziritsa kukhosi, komwe kumatsogolera kukuwoneka kwa matumba a mpweya, kutenthedwa ndi kutenthedwa kwamphamvu kwa zitsulo zowonekera;
• kugwiritsa ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi zotsika kapena mtundu wosavomerezeka ndi wopanga;
• kutayikira kapena kutsekeka kwa radiator ndi thanki yowonjezera;
• madzi otsala m'dongosolo pambuyo powapukuta;
• kuwonongeka kwa lamba woyendetsa pampu yamadzi;
• kutayikira koziziritsa.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha kufalikira kwa madzi, mukhoza kudziwa malo a kutayikira

Simuyenera kuchita nthabwala ndi makina oziziritsa, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi nthawi ndi nthawi.

Ngati injini ikuwotcha kwambiri, mutu wa silinda ukhoza kukhala wopunduka ndipo mphamvu ya gasket yosindikiza idzachepa.

Kusaka zolakwika

Mutha kusunga makina anu ozizirira kuti azigwira bwino ntchito potsatira njira zosavuta izi:

• kuyang'ana tsiku ndi tsiku kwa dongosolo la kutulutsa koziziritsa;
• kuwongolera kapangidwe ka koziziritsa, kuchotsera madzi kulowa mu dongosolo;
• kuthirira kwathunthu kwa dongosolo pambuyo pokhetsa choziziritsa chakale;
• kuyeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa radiator kuchokera masamba, zinyalala ndi dothi;
• nthawi ndi nthawi yang'anani kuthamanga ndi chikhalidwe cha lamba woyendetsa pampu.

Kanema: kukonza kutayikira koziziritsa pa VW Jetta

VW Jetta Coolant Leak kukonza

Kupewa kwa dongosolo lozizirira kumaphatikizapo izi:

• kuyeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa chipinda cha injini;
• zoziziritsa m'malo zaka zisanu zilizonse;
• m'malo mwa hoses zaka ziwiri zilizonse;
• kusintha kwa thermostat pa kutentha kwa injini;
• kusintha kwamphamvu komanso kusintha kwanthawi yake lamba wa mpope wamadzi;
• m'malo pampu pa zizindikiro zoyamba za kulephera;
• kuyang'ana ndikusintha chotenthetsera chozizira ndi masensa otentha ndikutsika pang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha kwa injini.

Mwachiwonekere, ntchito yopanda mavuto ya dongosolo lozizira ndi yotheka kokha ndi ntchito yolondola ya machitidwe ena ndi zigawo za magalimoto a Volkswagen.

Choncho, osiyanasiyana injini za "Volkswagen" nkhawa ndithu lonse. Mwiniwake aliyense wagalimoto amatha kusankha gawo lamagetsi malinga ndi zomwe akufuna, kuthekera kwachuma komanso momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito.