Toyota Yaris injini
Zamkatimu
Frankfurt Motor Show mu 1998 inali yoyamba ya galimoto yatsopano ya chimphona cha Japan Toyota - FanTime. Okonzawo adatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha kuti akonze bwino galimotoyo ndikuyipereka ku Geneva pansi pa mtundu wa Yaris. Mtundu wa serial unali wosiyana ndi "progenitor" ndi chipangizo chowunikira kwambiri chamkati. Chopangidwa mwanjira yocheperako ku Japan, hatchback yaying'ono yoyendetsa kutsogolo idalowa m'malo mwa Toyota Starlet yakale. Galimoto yomweyo anapambana wogula mu zipinda zowonetsera ku Ulaya (Vitz) ndi America (Belta).
Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi kupanga
Patangotha zaka ziwiri kuchokera pawonetsero, galimoto yatsopanoyo idapambana kusankhidwa kwa European Car of the Year 2000. Kwa msika wa dziko lakale, kumasulidwa kwa Yaris kunayambika pa imodzi mwa mabizinesi aku France auto. Ndi kapangidwe kake, thupi lophatikizana la hatchback linali lofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Peugeot 3 Series. Galimoto yamalingaliro ndi hatchback yokhala ndi zitseko zitatu kapena zisanu kutsogolo. Kupambana kwachitsanzo kunalola oyang'anira Toyota kuyesa mawonekedwe a thupi: ma minivans adagubuduza pamzere wa msonkhano ku America pansi pa mtundu wa Toyota Verso, ndipo ma sedan adasindikizidwa kwa ogula a ku Ulaya.
Zosiyananso zinali zosankha zotumizira. "Roboti" inayikidwa pa injini zotsika kwambiri za 1-lita, ndipo pa injini ya 1,3-lita anaika kufala. Mu 2003, Toyota idatulutsa magalimoto amphamvu pang'ono a 1,5-lita ngati gawo lokonzanso. Ogula aku America amatha kugula Echo sedan ndi hatchback. Yaris idapangidwa ngakhale ku China pansi pa mtundu wa FAW Vizi.
Poyamba, Yaris zikuonekeratu kuti ndi galimoto wangwiro akazi. Kuyenda kosavuta - 5 mfundo. Ntchito zonse za "ubongo" wamagetsi zimatsatiridwa ndi "zake" za LED" pa dashboard. Apa, opanga ndi mainjiniya amagetsi atenga zabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku Renault Twingo.
Chidziwitso chowonetsera galimotoyi chinadziwika ndi owerenga ambiri ngati abwino kwambiri pakati pa magalimoto onse otchuka. Pankhani ya kusintha kwa kanyumba ndi chitetezo chogwira ntchito, chilichonse chilinso pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri: 5 nyenyezi malinga ndi muyezo wa EuroNCAP.
Koma kupulumutsa pa zipangizo zodula kuti amalize mbali zosiyanasiyana za kanyumbako kumadzipangitsa kukhala omveka - mawonekedwe ake si abwino. Komanso, "Yaris" si galimoto yabwino pankhani ya soundproofing. Paliwiro lalikulu, "maluwa omveka" amakonzedwa kwa okwera:
- phokoso la tayala;
- kulira kwa mphepo;
- phokoso la injini yothamanga.
Zonsezi sizikuthandizira maulendo aatali a banja mu kanyumba kameneka, kawirikawiri, galimoto yopambana.
Gawo lachimuna la anthu okhala kutsogolo kumanzere kwa "Toyota Yaris" amakonda kuyesa makhalidwe a "wamba" a galimoto. Choyamba, kuwongolera. Injini yopanda mphamvu kwambiri yophatikizidwa ndi bokosi la giya lodziwikiratu kapena loboti silitha kupirira bwino ndi kukwera mofatsa pamatalikirana owongoka a autobahns.
Injini imangoyamba "kuyetsemula". Njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito makina odziwikiratu ndi "pedal to the floor" mu gear yachiwiri kapena yachitatu. Chomwe chili choyenera kwa theka lachikazi la banja ndikuyenda mumzinda pakati pa ma cafe ndi mashopu.
Injini za Toyota Yaris
Kwa Yaris hatchbacks ya mibadwo 2-4 (XP90-XP130) mu 1998-2006, omanga injini ku Japan anatulutsa mitundu 4 ya zomera zamphamvu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu ya 1,0, 1,3 ndi 1,5 malita, ndi mphamvu ya 69-108 hp:
| Kuyika chizindikiro | mtundu | kukula, cm 3 | Mphamvu zazikulu, kW / hp | Makina amagetsi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mtengo wa 2SZ-FE | petulo | 1296 | 64/87 | DoHC |
| 1KR-FE | petulo | 996 | 51/70 | DOHC, Dual VVT-i |
| 1NR-FE | petulo mumlengalenga, ndi kompresa | 1329 | 72/98 | DOHC, Dual VVT-i |
| 1NZ-FE | petulo mumlengalenga | 1496 | 79/108 | DoHC |
Injini ya 2SZ-FE, yopangidwa ndi Daihatsu, inali ndi vuto lalikulu lokhudzana ndi zolakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito makina ogawa gasi. Izi ndichifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwa unyolo wa Morse. Kufooka kwake pang'ono pakuyenda kunapangitsa kuti adumphe kuchoka pa pulley. Zotsatira zake - kugunda kwamphamvu kwa mbale za valve pa pistoni.
Njira yothetsera vutoli yosapambana yotereyi idachepetsa kwambiri mtundu wamitundu yomwe injiniyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zinayi.
Injini yaying'ono kwambiri pamagawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Yaris, 1KR-FE ndi chinthu china chochokera kugawo la injini la Toyota la Daihatsu. Gulu la atatu-cylinder 70-horsepower lomwe lili ndi chiŵerengero cha 10,5: 1 chimalemera makilogalamu 68 okha. Kukula kwa akatswiri a ku Japan analandira mphoto yoyamba pa mpikisano wa "Injini ya Chaka" kanayi motsatira - kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2010.
Izi zidathandizidwa ndi "maluwa" onse odziwa luso:
- njira yogawa gasi VVTi;
- jekeseni wamafuta amagetsi a MPFI;
- pulasitiki yochulukirapo kuti muwonjezere kudzaza kwa masilindala ndi chisakanizo choyaka.
Galimoto inasonyeza chimodzi mwa zotsatira zabwino pakati pa automakers onse mwa mawu ochezeka chilengedwe - 109 g / km okha.
Injini ya NZ inali yamphamvu kwambiri mwa injini zonse za Yaris. Makina a 1-cylinder ali ndi mawaya osiyana owonetsera majekeseni. Monga oimira a "junior series", 4NZ-FE ili ndi makina ogawa gasi a VVTi. Jakisoni wamafuta - motsatizana, SFI. Njira yoyatsira - DIS-XNUMX.
Injini ya 1NR-FE inayamba kukhazikitsidwa pa mndandanda wa European Yaris, kusiya 4ZZ-FE yachikale. Pamsika wapakhomo waku Japan, mndandanda watsopano ndi kukonzanso zosintha zina zidalandira injini yatsopano m'malo mwa 2NZ-FE ndi 2SZ-FE. Njira ziwiri zazikuluzikulu za injini zawongoleredwa:
- mfuti;
- kudya zobwezedwa.
Magalimoto opangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito m'maiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri adalandira makina otenthetsera ozizira mu "cold start".
Ngakhale zenizeni za injini, iwo "anagunda" 14 zosintha zosiyanasiyana Toyota magalimoto:
| lachitsanzo | Mtengo wa 2SZ-FE | 1KR-FE | 1NR-FE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| galimoto | ||||
| Toyota | ||||
| auris | * | |||
| Lamba | * | * | ||
| Corolla | * | |||
| Corolla Axio | * | |||
| iQ | * | * | ||
| Gawo | * | * | ||
| Porte | * | |||
| Probox | * | |||
| Pambuyo pa mpikisano | * | * | ||
| Zosangalatsa | * | |||
| Zaka | * | |||
| thanki | * | |||
| Vitz | * | * | * | |
| yaris | * | * | * | |
| Chiwerengero: | 4 | 7 | 11 | 22 |
Yaris Yovomerezeka yokhala ndi injini ya 1496cc turbocharged3 Toyota sanapereke, koma kuyambira 2010 sizinali zovuta kugula magalimoto ndi supercharger. Injini ina yomwe "inabwera" mwachangu mu mndandanda uwu ndi injini ya dizilo wamba ya turbocharged yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 75 hp. Chisankho chabwino cha mtundu uwu wamagetsi ndi kutumiza kwamanja.
Komabe, ngati clutch yodziwikiratu imayikidwa limodzi nayo, kuyendetsa kumasanduka kuzunza.
Choyamba muyenera kuyambitsa injini mosalowerera ndale. Choyambira mu giya china chilichonse pakadali pano chatsekedwa. Chotsatira ndi kusintha kwa lever, pambuyo pake magetsi amatengedwa kukagwira ntchito. Clutch imagwira ntchito molingana ndi malo a lever ndi pedals. Liwiro lofunikira likatsika, nyali yowongolera imawunikira pagawo lowongolera, lomwe limafotokoza cholakwika.
Injini yotchuka kwambiri yamagalimoto a Yaris
Galimoto ya 1NR-FE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakusintha kwa Yaris. Kupanga kwake kunakhazikitsidwa m'mabizinesi omanga injini aku Europe ndi Japan. Kusintha koyamba kwa thupi komwe idayikidwako kunali XP99F (2008). Gulu lopanga mapangidwe linayambitsa zatsopano zingapo, zomwe pambuyo pake zidafalikira.
- Kupititsa patsogolo kamangidwe ka madyedwe ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta.
- Kapangidwe kazinthu zosinthidwa (carbon ceramide), kuchepetsa kulemera kwa pistoni.
Injini ya 98-horsepower yokhala ndi njira yozizirira yotseguka imapangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi miyezo ya chilengedwe ya Euro 5. Mlingo wovomerezeka wovomerezeka ndi 128 g / km., Chifukwa cha zochita za EGR valve yoyendetsedwa ndi stepper motor. Mulingo wa "mzere wofiira", wotchedwa cutoff, uli pa 6000 rpm.
Chifukwa chosasalala pamwamba pa ma cylinder liners, kumamatira ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha kutengera choziziritsa kuzizira kwasintha. Mwachidziwitso, sikutheka kunyamula chipika cha silinda pokonza injini potengera mphamvu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mtunda pakati pa midadada ndi ochepa - 7 mm okha.
Mapangidwe a manifolds: kudya (pulasitiki) - kumbuyo, kutulutsa (zitsulo) - kutsogolo.
Galimoto ya 1NR-FE ndiyodalirika kwambiri.
Pazophophonya zowoneka, ziwiri zokha zitha kudziwika:
- kuchuluka mafuta;
- zovuta ndi mode ozizira kuyamba.
Pambuyo kufika 200 zikwi Km. kuthamanga, kugogoda kwa ma drive a VVTi makina ndi mwaye pamakoma a kuchuluka kwa kudya kungawonekere. Kuonjezera apo, mpope wamadzi ukhoza kutuluka.
Kusankha kwabwino kwamagalimoto kwa Yaris
Yankho la funsoli ndi lodziwikiratu. Mwa injini zomwe zidakhala maziko amagetsi amagetsi a Yaris magalimoto, 1KR-FE idakhala yotsogola kwambiri. Mphotho zinayi zamagalimoto achaka motsatana ndi zotsatira za ntchito yopindulitsa ya gulu laukadaulo la Daihatsu.
Choyamba, kulemera kwa injini kunachepetsedwa momwe ndingathere. Kuti muchite izi, mbali zazikuluzikulu za injini zimaponyedwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zotayidwa m'malo mwazitsulo. Mndandandawu unalipo:
- yamphamvu;
- poto mafuta;
- Cylinder mutu.
VVTi, ndodo zolumikizira zazitali komanso makina okhathamiritsa mathirakiti amakulolani kuti mukwaniritse torque yayikulu pamakwerero apamwamba komanso otsika. Kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa mphamvu panthawi yakukangana, gulu la pistoni limathandizidwa ndi zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kuvala. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zipinda zoyaka zimalola kukwaniritsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri panthawi yoyatsira mafuta osakaniza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutsika koyipa kwa mpweya woyipa mu injini ya 1KR-FE.
