Injini Toyota V, 3V, 4V, 4V-U, 4V-EU, 5V-EU
Ma injini a V adatsegula tsamba latsopano pakupanga mitundu yatsopano yamagulu amagetsi ndi omanga injini aku Japan. Magawo amphamvu akale asinthidwa bwino ndi opepuka. Nthawi yomweyo, kasinthidwe ka block ya silinda yasintha.
mafotokozedwe
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, mainjiniya a Toyota Motor Corporation adapanga ndikupanga mitundu ingapo ya injini za m'badwo watsopano. Injini ya V ndiye adayambitsa mitundu yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe idangopangidwa kumene. Inakhala injini yamafuta eyiti eyiti yokhala ngati V yokhala ndi voliyumu ya malita 2,6. Panthawi imeneyo, mphamvu yake yaying'ono (115 hp) ndi torque (196 NM) inali yokwanira.
Anapangidwira galimoto yaikulu Toyota Crown Eight, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1967. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, injini ya eyiti-silinda inali chizindikiro cha khalidwe ndi kalasi yapamwamba ya galimoto.
Zojambula
Chophimba cha silinda, m'malo mwa chitsulo chosungunula, ndi kwa nthawi yoyamba chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, chomwe chinachepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa gawo lonse. Mkati (pakugwa kwa chipika) camshaft ndi galimoto ya valve imayikidwa. Ntchito yawo idachitika kudzera mwa okankha ndi zida za rocker. Mbali ya camber inali 90˚.
Mitu ya silinda inapangidwanso ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu. Zipinda zoyaka zinali ndi mawonekedwe a hemispherical (HEMI). Mutu wa silinda ndi valavu iwiri yosavuta, yokhala ndi spark plug.
Ma cylinder liners ndi onyowa. Pistons ndi muyezo. Mphepete ya mphete ya scraper yamafuta imakulitsidwa (yokulitsidwa).
Wogawa moto ndi wogawa wamba wodziwika bwino.
Makina ogawa gasi amapangidwa molingana ndi chiwembu cha OHV, chomwe chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuphatikizana komanso kuphweka kwa kapangidwe ka injini.
Kugwedezeka kwachiwiri kumayenderana ndi ntchito ya ma pistoni otsutsana a CPG, kotero kuti kuyika ma shafts mu block sikuperekedwa. Pamapeto pake, yankho ili limachepetsa kulemera kwa chipangizocho, ndipo mapangidwe ake amachepetsa kwambiri.
3V motere. Amakonzedwa mofanana ndi omwe adayambitsa (V). Idapangidwa kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1973. Mpaka 1997, idayikidwa pa Toyota Century limousine.
Ili ndi miyeso yayikulu yochepa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke kugunda kwa piston ndi 10 mm. Zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu, torque ndi compression ratio. Kusamuka kwa injini kudakweranso mpaka malita 3,0.
Mu 1967, wofalitsa wachikhalidwe adasinthidwa ndi makina oyatsira pakompyuta. M’chaka chomwecho, chida choyatsa chotenthetsera chozizira chinapangidwa.
Mu 1973, kupanga injini inatha. M'malo mwake, kupanga kunapanga mtundu wowongoka wa omwe adatsogolera - 3,4 L. 4V. Zambiri zamainjini amtunduwu sizinasungidwe (kupatula zomwe zasonyezedwa mu Gulu 1).
Amadziwika kuti kutulutsidwa kwake kunachitika kuyambira 1973 mpaka 1983, ndipo zosintha zake zidayikidwa pa Toyota Century mpaka 1997.
Injini 4V-U, 4V-EU yokhala ndi chosinthira chothandizira molingana ndi miyezo yaku Japan. Kuphatikiza apo, magawo amagetsi a 4V-EU, mosiyana ndi omwe adalipo kale, anali ndi jakisoni wamafuta amagetsi.
Kulowa kwaposachedwa mu V-mndandanda wasintha zingapo zazikulu kuchokera kwa anzawo akale. Kusintha kwa injini 4,0l ku. 5V-EU mosiyana ndi omwe adatsogolera, inali valve yapamwamba, yokhala ndi makina ogawa gasi opangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo la SOHC.
Jekeseni wamafuta adachitika ndi EFI electronic control system. Zinapereka mafuta otsika mtengo komanso kuchepetsa kawopsedwe ka mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambitsa injini yozizira ndikosavuta.
Monga 4V-EU, injiniyo inali ndi chosinthira chothandizira chomwe chinapereka kuyeretsedwa kwa utsi kumayendedwe omwe analipo kale.
Chosefera chachitsulo chogwiritsidwanso ntchito chogonja chamafuta chidagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mafuta. Pakukonza, sikunafune kusinthidwa - kunali kokwanira kungotsuka bwino. Mphamvu ya dongosolo - 4,5 malita. mafuta.
5V-EU idakhazikitsidwa pa 1st generation Toyota Century sedan (G40) kuyambira September 1987 mpaka March 1997. Kupanga injini kunatenga zaka 15 - kuchokera 1983 mpaka 1998.
Zolemba zamakono
Mu tebulo lachidule kuti mufananize mosavuta, mawonekedwe aukadaulo amtundu wa V mndandanda wa injini amaperekedwa.
| V | 3V | 4V | 4V-U | 4V-EU | 5V-EU | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mtundu wa injini | V-mawonekedwe | V-mawonekedwe | V-mawonekedwe | V-mawonekedwe | V-mawonekedwe | V-mawonekedwe |
| Accommodation | longitudinal | longitudinal | longitudinal | longitudinal | longitudinal | longitudinal |
| Voliyumu ya injini, cm³ | 2599 | 2981 | 3376 | 3376 | 3376 | 3994 |
| Mphamvu, hp | 115 | 150 | 180 | 170 | 180 | 165 |
| Makokedwe, Nm | 196 | 235 | 275 | 260 | 270 | 289 |
| Chiyerekezo cha kuponderezana | 9 | 9,8 | 8,8 | 8,5 | 8,8 | 8,6 |
| Cylinder chipika | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium |
| Cylinder mutu | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium |
| Chiwerengero cha masilindala | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |
| Cylinder awiri, mm | 78 | 78 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 87 |
| Pisitoni sitiroko, mm | 68 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 84 |
| Mavavu pa yamphamvu iliyonse | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Nthawi yoyendetsa | unyolo | unyolo | unyolo | unyolo | unyolo | unyolo |
| Njira yogawa gasi | OHV | Mtengo wa SOHC | ||||
| Hydraulic compensator | ||||||
| Mafuta dongosolo | Pakompyuta jekeseni | Jakisoni wamagetsi, EFI | ||||
| Mafuta | Mafuta AI-95 | |||||
| Lubrication system, l | 4,5 | |||||
| Kutembenuza | ||||||
| Kuchuluka kwa poizoni | ||||||
| Resource, kunja. km | 300 + | |||||
| Kulemera, kg | 225 | 180 |
Kudalirika ndi kusakhazikika
Ubwino wa injini za ku Japan ndizosakayikira. Pafupifupi injini iliyonse yoyaka mkati yatsimikizira kuti ndi yodalirika kwambiri. Gwirizanani ndi muyeso uwu komanso "eyiti" opangidwa.
Kuphweka kwa mapangidwe, zofuna zochepa pamafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuta odzola zidawonjezera kudalirika ndikuchepetsa mwayi wolephera. Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zaka makumi angapo zapitazi sizinasiyanitsidwe ndi zida zapamwamba zamafuta, ndipo mayendedwe olimba amawu amayamwitsa makilomita oposa 250. Pa nthawi yomweyi, moyo wautumiki wa injini "wakale", ndithudi, malinga ndi kukonzanso kokwanira, nthawi zambiri umadutsa makilomita 500 zikwi.
Magawo amphamvu a mndandanda wa V amatsimikizira kwathunthu kutsimikizika kwa mawu akuti "osavuta, odalirika." Oyendetsa galimoto ena amatchula injinizi kuti "mamiliyoni". Palibe chitsimikizo chachindunji cha izi, koma anthu ambiri amanena kuti kudalirika kwa kalasi ya premium. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pa chitsanzo cha 5V-EU.
Makina aliwonse amtundu wa V amakhala ndi kusungika bwino. Boring liners, komanso akupera crankshaft kwa kukula lotsatira kukonza, sikubweretsa vuto lililonse. Vuto liri kwina - n'zovuta kusaka "zing'onozing'ono" zotsalira ndi zogwiritsira ntchito.
Palibe zida zoyambira zogulitsa, popeza kutulutsidwa kwa injini sikumathandizidwa ndi wopanga. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zimenezi, njira yotulukira mumkhalidwe uliwonse ingapezeke. Mwachitsanzo, sinthani choyambirira ndi analogi. Muzovuta kwambiri, mutha kugula injini ya mgwirizano mosavuta (ngakhale izi zimagwira ntchito pa chitsanzo cha 5V-EU).
Mwa njira, Toyota 5V-EU mphamvu wagawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kusinthana (kusinthana) zida pamene anaika pa zopangidwa ambiri a magalimoto, ngakhale Russian zopangidwa - UAZ, Mbawala, etc. Pali kanema pankhaniyi.
Mafuta opangidwa ndi V-woboola pakati pa GXNUMXs opangidwa ndi Toyota anali chiyambi cha kukula kwa injini za m'badwo watsopano.
