Toyota Ractis injini
Zamkatimu
Pamsika wamagalimoto wapadziko lonse lapansi, magalimoto omwe amasonkhanitsidwa kumakampani amakampani aku Japan a Toyota Motor Corporation ndiwodziwika kwambiri, omwe tsopano amapatsa ogula mitundu yopitilira 70 yamagalimoto osiyanasiyana onyamula anthu okhala ndi injini zamapangidwe ake. Mwa mitundu iyi, malo apadera amakhala ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono a kalasi ya "Small MPV" (subcompact van), kupanga komwe kampaniyo idayamba itawonetsa galimoto yoyamba yotere pamawonetsero agalimoto ku Tokyo ndi Frankfurt am Main mu 1997.
Unali chitsanzo ichi, chomangidwa pa nsanja ya Yaris, chomwe chinali chiyambi cha mndandanda wonse wa zitsanzo zofanana, zomwe zinaphatikizapo:
- Toyota Fun Сargo (1997, 1990);
- Toyota Yaris Verso (2000);
- Toyona Yaris T Sport (2000);
- Toyota Yaris D-4D (2002);
- Toyota Corolla (2005, 2010);
- Toyota Yaris Verso-S (2011).
Toyota Ractis. Ulendo mu mbiriyakale
Kulengedwa kwa Toyota Ractis subcompact van chinayambitsa kufunika m'malo Toyota Yaris Verso, amene sanali wotchuka ku Ulaya. Chitsanzochi chinamangidwa pa nsanja ya NCP60 yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo inali ndi injini za 2SZ-FE (1300 cc, 87 hp) ndi 1NZ-FE (1500 cc, 105 kapena 110 hp).
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo adaphatikizidwa ndi Super CVT-i CVTs, ndipo magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu onse adaphatikizidwa ndi maulendo anayi othamanga a Super ECT.
Mbadwo woyamba wa Toyota Ractis unali woyendetsa kumanja ndipo unangoperekedwa kumsika wapakhomo wa Japan, komanso ku Hong Kong, Singapore ndi Macau. Potsimikiza za mpikisano wa galimoto latsopano, kasamalidwe kampani anaganiza choyamba kuchita restyling (2007), ndiyeno kukhala m'badwo wake wachiwiri (2010).
M'badwo wachiwiri wa Toyota Ractis subcompact van unaperekedwa osati kumsika Far East, komanso mayiko European ndi America.
Mtundu woyambira wagalimoto pakadali pano uli ndi injini zamafuta zomwe zimatha pafupifupi 99 hp. (1300 cc) kapena 105 ... 110 hp (1500 cc), ndipo osati mitundu yakutsogolo ndi ma gudumu yokha yomwe imatha kuphatikizidwa pomaliza.
Toyota Ractis injini
Subcompact van Toyota Ractis mu zosintha zosiyanasiyana wapangidwa kwa zaka zoposa 10. Panthawiyi, galimotoyo inali ndi magetsi a mafuta ndi dizilo omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya silinda:
- 1,3 L - mafuta: 2SZ-FE (2005 ... 2010), 1NR-FE (2010 ... 2014), 1NR-FKE (2014 ...);
- 1,4 L - dizilo 1ND-TV (2010 ...);
- 1,5 L - petulo 1NZ-FE (2005 ...).
Injini zamagalimoto zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m'mafakitole a Toyota Motor Corporation zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mapangidwe apamwamba komanso kudalirika kwantchito. Zokwanira kunena kuti malinga ndi akatswiri a ku Russia, ngakhale injini ya Toyota yomwe inalephera kwambiri ndiyodalirika kwambiri kuposa injini zambiri zapakhomo. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku mayunitsi amphamvu, omwe nthawi zosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza galimoto ya Toyota Ractis.
Injini za mafuta
Injini zonse za petulo zomwe zimayikidwa pamagalimoto amtundu wa Toyota Ractis, kupatula gawo lamagetsi la 2SZ-FE, ndi la m'badwo wachitatu wa injini zaku Japan, zomwe zimasiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito:
- midadada ya silinda yotayidwa (yosakhoza kukonzedwa);
- "Smart" valve nthawi yolamulira mtundu wa VVT-i;
- njira yogawa gasi (nthawi) yokhala ndi unyolo;
- Electronic throttle control system ETCS.
Komanso, onse injini mafuta okonzeka ndi magalimoto "Toyota Raktis" komanso yodziwika ndi dzuwa mkulu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa m'njira zonse zogwiritsira ntchito injini kumatsimikiziridwa ndi:
- kugwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi a jakisoni wamafuta (chilembo E mu dzina la injini);
- nthawi yabwino yotsegulira mavavu olowera ndi kutulutsa nthawi (chilembo F mu dzina la injini).
Mtengo wa 2SZ-FE
Injini ya 2SZ-FE ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mafunde achiwiri ndi atatu amagetsi omwe amapangidwa panthawiyo ndi opanga Toyota Motor Corporation. Mu injini iyi, iwo adatha kusunga mawonekedwe a mapangidwe oyambirira, omwe anali midadada yachitsulo yachitsulo. Mipiringidzo ya silinda yotereyi inali ndi malire okwanira a mphamvu ndi zipangizo kuti zitsimikizire, ngati kuli kofunikira, kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa magetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kochulukirapo komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kugunda kwatali kwa pistoni kudalowetsedwa bwino ndi nyumba yayikulu ya silinda, yomwe idathandizira kuti injiniyo ikhale yotentha kwambiri.
Zina mwa zofooka za injini ya 2SZ-FE, akatswiri amawona kuti nthawi yake sinapambane, yomwe imagwirizana ndi:
- kukhalapo kwa zida ziwiri za unyolo;
- kuchulukirachulukira kwa tensioner unyolo kumtundu wamafuta;
- kulumpha kwa unyolo Morse lamellar pamodzi pulleys pa kufooka pang'ono kwa izo, amenenso kumabweretsa kukhudzana (mphamvu) wa pisitoni ndi mavavu pa ntchito ndi kulephera yotsirizira.
Kuphatikiza apo, zida zapadera panyumba za silinda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zomata, zomwe zimasokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizana.
NR ndi NZ series motors
M'zaka zosiyanasiyana, mu zaka zosiyanasiyana anaika injini 1NR-FE kapena 1NR-FKE ndi yamphamvu malita 1,3 pa magalimoto a mtundu Toyota Ractis. Iliyonse ili ndi lamba wanthawi ya DOHC (2 camshafts ndi mavavu 4 pa silinda) ndi makina oyambira amagalimoto:
- Imani & Yambani, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi woyimitsa injini, ndiye, ngati kuli kofunikira, yambaninso. Dongosolo loterolo limakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 10% yamafuta mukamagwiritsa ntchito galimoto mumzinda;
- lembani Dual VVT-i (1NR-FE) kapena VVT-iE (1NR-FKE), yomwe imakulolani kuti musinthe nthawi ya valve.
Mphamvu ya 1NR-FE ndiye injini yodziwika bwino ya NR. Anapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa Toyota wanthawiyo. Chinthu chachikulu cha injini iyi ndi mapangidwe a pistoni ake, omwe amapaka pamwamba pake amakhala ndi carbon ceramides.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunalola kuchepetsa kukula kwa geometric ndi kulemera kwa pistoni iliyonse.
Injini yamphamvu kwambiri ya 1NR-FKE, yomwe idapangidwa mu 2014, imasiyana ndi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe kazachuma ka Atkinson (mikwingwirima yoyamba ya 2 ndi yayifupi kuposa 2 ena) ndipo imakhala ndi chiwopsezo chambiri.
magawo luso Toyota Ractis injini ndi yamphamvu yamphamvu malita 1,3.
Injini ya 1NZ-FE ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri amagetsi okhala ndi silinda ya malita 1,5. Silinda yake imapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndipo ili ndi:
- DOHC (mavavu 4 pa silinda imodzi);
- njira yabwino (2nd generation) variable valve time time.
Zonsezi zimathandiza injini kupanga mphamvu mpaka 110 hp.
Magawo aukadaulo agalimoto ya 1NZ-FE 1,5 lita.
Injini ya dizilo 1ND-TV
Injini ya 1ND-TV imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamainjini ang'onoang'ono abwino kwambiri a dizilo padziko lapansi. Pafupifupi alibe zolakwika zapangidwe ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndizosavuta kukonza. Ndi gawo lachitatu la magawo amagetsi opangidwa ndi akatswiri a Toyota Motor Corporation mu theka lachiwiri la 90s lazaka zapitazi.
Injini ya 1ND-TV idakhazikitsidwa pa silinda yamanja yokhala ndi jekete lotseguka lozizirira, lopangidwa ndi zida zopepuka za alloy. Injiniyi ili ndi turbine ya VGT ndi njira yogawa gasi yamtundu wa SOHC yokhala ndi mavavu awiri pa silinda.
Poyamba, injiniyo inali ndi jekeseni wa Common Rail mwachindunji ndi majekeseni osavuta komanso odalirika a Bosch.
Yankho ichi chinathandiza kupulumutsa injini ku mavuto angapo khalidwe mayunitsi mphamvu dizilo. Komabe, pambuyo pake (2005) majekeseni a Bosch adasinthidwa ndi Denso yamakono, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake - ndi majekeseni amtundu wa piezoelectric. Komanso, mu 2008 pa injini anaika fyuluta dizilo particulate. Tsoka ilo, zonse zatsopanozi zakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa kudalirika ndi kulimba kwa gawo lamagetsi ili.
Magawo aumisiri agalimoto 1ND-TV 1,4 l.
