Injini yoyaka mkati - ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Injini yoyaka mkati ikadali maziko ogwiritsira ntchito zida zambiri masiku ano. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati ndi magalimoto okha, komanso ndi zombo ndi ndege. Kuyendetsa galimoto kumagwira ntchito pamaziko a chinthu chofunda ndi chotentha. Pochita mgwirizano ndi kukulitsa, imalandira mphamvu zomwe zimalola chinthucho kuyenda. Ndilo maziko omwe palibe galimoto yomwe ingagwire bwino ntchito. Choncho, dalaivala aliyense ayenera kudziwa kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo yake yoyendetsera ntchito, kuti pakakhala vuto, zimakhala zosavuta komanso zofulumira kuti azindikire vuto lomwe lingachitike. Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri!

Kodi injini yoyaka mkati ndi yotani?

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, kwenikweni ndi chipangizo chowotcha mafuta. Mwanjira iyi, imapanga mphamvu, zomwe zimatha kutumizidwanso, mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kuyigwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa makina ena. Injini yoyatsira mkati imakhala ndi:

• crankshaft;
• kutulutsa camshaft;
• pisitoni;
• kuthetheka pulagi. 

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti njira zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa injini ndizozungulira ndipo ziyenera kukhala zofanana. Choncho, ngati galimoto imasiya kuyenda bwino, vuto likhoza kukhala ndi injini.

Kodi injini yoyaka mkati imagwira ntchito bwanji? Ndi makina okongola osavuta.

Injini yoyatsira mkati imafunikira malo ozizira komanso otentha kuti igwire ntchito. Yoyamba nthawi zambiri imakhala mpweya womwe umalowetsedwa kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndikukanikizidwa. Izi zimawonjezera kutentha kwake ndi kuthamanga kwake. Kenako amatenthedwa ndi mafuta omwe amawotchedwa mu kanyumba. Pamene magawo oyenerera afika, amakula mu silinda kapena mu turbine, malingana ndi mapangidwe a injini inayake. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu imapangidwa, yomwe imatha kutumizidwanso kuyendetsa makinawo. 

Ma injini oyatsira mkati ndi mitundu yawo.

Ma injini oyatsira mkati amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kugawanika kumatengera magawo omwe amaganiziridwa. Choyamba, timasiyanitsa injini:

• kuyaka kotseguka;
• kuyaka kotsekedwa. 

Yoyamba ikhoza kukhala ndi mpweya wokhazikika, pamene mapangidwe ake amasinthasintha. Kuonjezera apo, amatha kupatukana chifukwa cha kupanikizika muzowonjezereka. Chifukwa chake, ma injini olakalaka mwachilengedwe komanso okwera kwambiri amatha kusiyanitsa. Zotsirizirazi zimagawidwa m'magulu otsika, apakati ndi okwera kwambiri. Palinso, mwachitsanzo, injini ya Streling, yomwe imachokera ku gwero la kutentha kwa mankhwala. 

Ndani adayambitsa injini yoyaka mkati? Zinayamba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX

Chimodzi mwazojambula zoyambirira chinapangidwa ndi Philippe Lebon, injiniya wa ku France yemwe ankakhala mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1799. Mfalansayo anagwira ntchito yokonza injini ya nthunzi, koma pomalizira pake, mu 60, anatulukira makina amene ntchito yake inali kuwotcha mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Komabe, omvera sanakonde ulalikiwo chifukwa cha fungo lochokera pamakina. Kwa zaka pafupifupi XNUMX, kupanga sikunali kotchuka. Kodi ndi liti pamene injini yoyatsira mkati inapangidwa, monga momwe tikudziŵira lerolino? Pokhapokha mu 1860, Etienne Lenoir adapeza ntchito yake, kupanga galimoto kuchokera ku ngolo yakale yokokedwa ndi akavalo, ndipo motero anayamba njira yopita ku motorization yamakono.

Injini yoyaka mkati mumagalimoto amakono oyamba

Injini zoyatsira zoyamba zamkati, zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu magalimoto ngati magalimoto amakono, zidayamba kupangidwa m'ma 80s. Mmodzi mwa apainiyawo anali Karl Benz, amene mu 1886 anapanga galimoto imene amati inali galimoto yoyamba padziko lonse. Ndi iye amene anayambitsa dziko mafashoni kwa magalimoto. Kampani yomwe adayambitsa idakalipo mpaka pano ndipo imadziwika kuti Mercedes. Komabe, ndiyeneranso kudziwa kuti mu 1893 Rudolf Dizeli adapanga injini yoyamba yoyatsira m'mbiri. 

Kodi injini yoyaka mkati ndiyomwe idapangidwa posachedwa kwambiri pamakampani amagalimoto?

Injini yoyaka mkati ndiyo maziko a magalimoto amakono, koma ndizotheka kuyiwalika pakapita nthawi. Akatswiri amanena kuti sangathenso kupanga makina olimba amtunduwu. Pachifukwa ichi, zoyendetsa magetsi zomwe siziyipitsa chilengedwe ndi mphamvu zawo zidzatchuka kwambiri. 

Injini yoyaka mkati yakhala yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwamakampani amagalimoto. Zisonyezero zonse zikusonyeza kuti posachedwapa izi zidzakhala zakale chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa malamulo oletsa kutulutsa mpweya. Komanso, kunali koyenera kudziwiratu chipangizo chake ndi mbiri yake, chifukwa posachedwa chidzakhala chotsalira chakale.