injini VAZ-415
Zamkatimu
Kupitiliza kwa chitukuko cha chilengedwe ndi kupanga injini zozungulira chinali chitukuko chotsatira cha omanga injini za VAZ. Adapanga ndikuyika gawo lamagetsi latsopano lofananira.
mafotokozedwe
Mwambiri, injini ya VAZ-415 inali kukonzanso kwa Vaz-4132 yomwe idapangidwa kale. Poyerekeza ndi analenga injini kuyaka mkati wakhala ponseponse - akhoza kuikidwa pa Zhiguli kumbuyo gudumu pagalimoto, kutsogolo gudumu pagalimoto Samara ndi onse gudumu pagalimoto Niva.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku injini zodziwika bwino za pistoni kunali kusowa kwa makina a crank, nthawi, ma pistoni, ndi zoyendetsa zamagulu onsewa.
Mapangidwe awa adapereka zabwino zambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo adapatsa eni magalimoto ndi zovuta zosayembekezereka.
Vaz-415 - rotary petulo aspirated injini ndi buku la malita 1,3 ndi mphamvu 140 HP. ndi torque ya 186 Nm.
Galimotoyo inapangidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo inayikidwa pa VAZ 2109-91, 2115-91, 21099-91 ndi magalimoto 2110. Kuyika kwapadera kunachitika pa VAZ 2108 ndi RAF.
Mbali yabwino ya Vaz-415 ndi mphwayi zake mafuta - ntchito mofanana bwino pa mtundu uliwonse wa mafuta A-76 kuti AI-95. Tikumbukenso kuti mafuta pa nthawi yomweyo ankafuna zabwino - kuchokera malita 12 pa 100 Km.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi "chikondi" cha mafuta. Kuyerekeza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pa 1000 km ndi 700 ml. Pa injini zenizeni zatsopano kufika 1 L / 1000 Km, ndi kuyandikira kukonza 6 L / 1000 Km.
Makilomita gwero analengeza Mlengi 125 Km anali pafupifupi konse anakhalabe. Mu 1999, injini ankaona ngwazi, atadutsa pafupifupi 70 Km.
Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti galimotoyo inali yopangira magalimoto a KGB ndi Unduna wa Zamkati. Magawo ochepa a mayunitsiwa adagwera m'manja mwachinsinsi.
Choncho, lingaliro la "chuma" si kwa Vaz-415. Osati aliyense wokonda galimoto wamba angakonde mafuta oterowo, moyo waufupi utumiki, ndipo si zopuma zotsika mtengo kukonza.
Maonekedwe, injini yokhayo ndi yokulirapo pang'ono kuposa bokosi la gear la VAZ 2108. Ili ndi Solex carburetor, dongosolo lapawiri loyatsira: masiwichi awiri, zitsulo ziwiri, makandulo awiri pagawo lililonse (chachikulu ndi chotsatira).
Zomata zimayikidwa m'magulu ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuzikonza.
Chipangizo cha injini ndi chophweka. Ilibe KShM wamba, nthawi ndi ma drive awo. Udindo wa pistoni umachitidwa ndi rotor, ndipo ma cylinders ndi ovuta mkati mwa stator. Galimoto ili ndi kuzungulira kwa sitiroko zinayi. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a injini yoyaka mkati.
Rotor (pachithunzicho, makona atatu akuda) amapanga kuzungulira kwa sitiroko yogwira ntchito katatu mukusintha kumodzi. Kuchokera apa, mphamvu, pafupifupi nthawi zonse torque ndi kuthamanga kwa injini kumatengedwa.
Ndipo, motero, kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta. Sizovuta kulingalira kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa kukangana komwe ma vertices a rotor triangle ayenera kugonjetsa. Kuti achepetse, mafuta amadyetsedwa mwachindunji mu chipinda choyaka moto (chofanana ndi mafuta osakaniza a njinga zamoto, kumene mafuta amatsanuliridwa mu mafuta).
N'zoonekeratu kuti mu nkhani iyi, kutsatira miyezo zachilengedwe kwa utsi kuyeretsa ndi pafupifupi zosatheka.
Mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za kapangidwe ka galimoto ndi mfundo ya ntchito yake poonera kanema:
Zolemba zamakono
| Wopanga | Zokhudza "AvtoVAZ" |
| mtundu wa injini | rotary, 2-gawo |
| Chaka chomasulidwa | 1994 |
| Chiwerengero cha zigawo | 2 |
| Voliyumu, cm³ | 1308 |
| Mphamvu, l. Ndi | 140 |
| Makokedwe, Nm | 186 |
| Chiyerekezo cha kuponderezana | 9.4 |
| Kuthamanga kochepa chabe | 900 |
| Mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito | 5W-30 - 15W-40 |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta (kuwerengeredwa), % yamafuta | 0.6 |
| Mafuta dongosolo | carburetor |
| Mafuta | AI-95 mafuta |
| Mfundo zachilengedwe | Yuro 0 |
| Resource, kunja. km | 125 |
| Kulemera, kg | 113 |
| Malo: | chopingasa |
| Kukonza (popanda kutaya gwero), l. Ndi | 217 * |
*305l. c kwa VAZ-415 ndi jekeseni
Kudalirika, zofooka, kusakhazikika
Kudalirika
Ngakhale nthawi zambiri chosatha, Vaz-415 amaonedwa ngati injini odalirika. Izi zinafotokozedwa momveka bwino pa imodzi mwamabwalo odulidwa ku Novosibirsk. Iye akulemba kuti: ".... injini ndi yosavuta, yodalirika, koma vuto liri ndi zida zosinthira ndi mitengo ...".
Chizindikiro chodalirika ndi mtunda woti muwongolere. Zomwe zimalengezedwa ndi wopanga sizinasungidwe kawirikawiri, koma panali mfundo zosangalatsa m'mbiri ya galimotoyo.
Choncho, magazini "Behind gudumu" limafotokoza zinthu ndi injini rotary anaika pa RAF. Zimatsindika,... injiniyo inatha ndi makilomita 120, ndipo rotoryo sinali kukonzedwa ...".
Eni magalimoto apayekha amakhalanso ndi chidziwitso pakugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kwa injini zoyatsira mkati. Pali umboni kuti unit anapereka mtunda wa makilomita oposa 300 zikwi popanda kukonza lalikulu.
Chinthu chachiwiri chachikulu chomwe chimalankhula za kudalirika ndi malire a chitetezo. Vaz-415 ali ndi chidwi. Kukhazikitsa kamodzi kokha kwa jekeseni kumawonjezera mphamvu ya injini ndi nthawi zopitilira 2,5. Chochititsa chidwi, injiniyo imatha kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri. Choncho, kupota mpaka 10 zikwi zosintha si malire kwa iye (ntchito - 6 zikwi).
AutoVAZ Design Bureau ikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuti ipititse patsogolo kudalirika kwa unit. Choncho, vuto la kuonjezera mphamvu ya kunyamula misonkhano, gasi ndi mafuta scraper zisindikizo, warping wa zitsulo misonkhano thupi chifukwa cha kutentha awo osiyana anathetsedwa.
Vaz-415 ndi yodziwika ngati injini odalirika, koma pa nkhani ya nthawi yake ndi bwino chisamaliro.
Mawanga ofooka
Vaz-415 zofooka chibadidwe akalambula ake. Choyamba, eni magalimoto sakhutira ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta. Ichi ndi gawo la injini yozungulira, ndipo muyenera kupirira.
Pa nthawiyi, woyendetsa galimoto Wood_goblin wochokera ku Makhachkala akulemba kuti: "...".
Phillip J amalankhula naye motere: "... chinthu chosasangalatsa kwambiri si frugality. Rotary "eyiti" amadya 15 malita a mafuta pa 100 Km. Komano, injini, malinga ndi Madivelopa ake, sasamala zimene kudya: osachepera 98, osachepera 76 ...".
Mapangidwe apadera a chipinda choyaka moto samalola kukhala ndi kutentha komweko kwa malo onse a injini yoyaka mkati. Chifukwa chake, kuyendetsa mosasamala komanso mwaukali nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kutenthedwa kwa unit.
Chofunikanso kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kawopsedwe ka mpweya wotayira. Pazifukwa zingapo, injiniyo sagwirizana ndi miyezo ya chilengedwe yomwe imatengedwa ku Ulaya. Apa tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa wopanga - ntchito mbali iyi ikuchitika.
Chovuta chachikulu ndikuchita ntchito motere. Ambiri mwa malo operekera chithandizo satenga injini zoyatsira mkati. Chifukwa chake ndikuti palibe akatswiri omwe amagwira ntchito pamakina ozungulira.
M'zochita, pali awiri okha malo utumiki galimoto kumene mungathe kutumikira kapena kukonza unit ndi apamwamba. Imodzi ili ku Moscow, yachiwiri ku Tolyatti.
Kusungika
Vaz-415 ndi yosavuta kupanga, koma palibe amene angathe kukonzedwa mu garaja iliyonse. Choyamba, pali vuto linalake lopeza zida zosinthira. Kachiwiri, gawoli limachita zowawa kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Kusagwirizana pang'ono kumabweretsa kulephera kwake.
Chimodzi mwa zosankha zomwe zilipo ndikugula injini ya mgwirizano. Ndizosavuta kupeza ogulitsa injini zoyatsira mkati zozungulira pa intaneti. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti mtengo wa injini zoyatsira mkatizi ndizokwera kwambiri.
Ngakhale lonjezo la injini rotary, kupanga Vaz-415 anasiya. Chimodzi (ndipo mwinamwake chofunika kwambiri) pazifukwa chinali kukwera mtengo kwa kupanga kwake.
