Opel X16XEL injini
Zamkatimu
Magalimoto okhala ndi dzina la X16XEL adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto a Opel m'zaka za m'ma 90 ndipo adayikidwa pamitundu ya Astra F, G, Vectra B, Zafira A. Injiniyo idapangidwa m'mitundu iwiri, yomwe idasiyana ndi kapangidwe kazolowera. Ngakhale pali kusiyana mu zigawo zosiyanasiyana zitsanzo, powertrain ulamuliro dongosolo anali chimodzimodzi kwa onse, ndi dzina "Multec-S".
Kufotokozera kwa injini
Injini yolembedwa X16XEL kapena Z16XE ndi mzere wamayunitsi amtundu wa Opel wokhala ndi malita 1,6. Makina opangira magetsi adatulutsidwa koyamba mu 1994, omwe adalowa m'malo mwa mtundu wakale wa C16XE. Mu mtundu watsopano, chipika cha silinda sichinasinthidwe ngati mawonekedwe a injini za X16SZR.
Poyerekeza ndi kukhazikitsa shaft imodzi, chitsanzo chofotokozedwacho chinagwiritsa ntchito mutu wokhala ndi ma valve 16 ndi 2 camshafts. Panali ma valve 4 pa silinda imodzi. Kuyambira 1999, wopanga asintha mtima wagalimoto, kusintha kwakukulu kumakhudza kufupikitsa kuchuluka kwa kudya ndikusintha gawo loyatsira.
X16XEL inali yotchuka kwambiri komanso yofunidwa m'masiku ake, koma kuthekera kwake sikunadziwike kwathunthu ndi mutu. Chifukwa cha izi, nkhawa idapanga injini yathunthu yotchedwa X16XE. Imakhala ndi ma camshafts, madoko akuluakulu olowera, komanso ma manifolds ndi ma module owongolera.
Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2000, chipangizocho chinatha ndipo chinasinthidwa ndi chitsanzo cha Z16XE, chomwe chinasiyana ndi malo a DPKV mwachindunji mu chipika, phokosolo linakhala lamagetsi.
Magalimoto anali ndi 2 lambdas, mbali zina sizinasinthe, kotero akatswiri ambiri amaona kuti zitsanzo zonsezi ndi zofanana.
Mitundu yonse ya injini imakhala ndi lamba, ndipo kusinthidwa kwanthawi yayitali kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi pamakilomita 60000 aliwonse. Ngati izi sizichitika, ngati lamba wathyoka, ma valve amayamba kupindika ndikuwonjezera injiniyo kapena kuyisintha. Anali X16XEL amene anakhala maziko a kulenga injini zina ndi kusamuka kwa malita 1,4 ndi 1,8.
Zolemba zamakono
Makhalidwe apamwamba agalimoto ya X16XEL amaperekedwa patebulo:
| Dzina | mafotokozedwe |
|---|---|
| Mphamvu yopangira mphamvu, ma kiyubiki mita cm. | 1598 |
| Mphamvu, hp | 101 |
| Torque, Nm pa rpm. | 148/3500 |
| 150/3200 | |
| 150/3600 | |
| Mafuta | Mafuta A92 ndi A95 |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, l / 100 km. | 5,9-10,2 |
| Mtundu wamagalimoto | Inline 4 silinda |
| Zowonjezerapo za injini | Mtundu wogawidwa wa jakisoni wamafuta |
| Kutulutsa kwa CO2, g / km | 202 |
| Cylinder m'mimba mwake | 79 |
| Mavavu pa silinda, ma PC. | 4 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 81.5 |
Avereji ya moyo wa unit woteroyo ndi pafupifupi 250 Km, koma eni, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, akhoza kuyendetsa motalika kwambiri. Mutha kupeza nambala ya injini pang'ono pamwamba pa dipstick yamafuta. Ili pamalo ofukula pamphambano ya injini ndi gearbox.
Kudalirika, zofooka, kusakhazikika
Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya injini, X16XEL ili ndi zinthu zingapo, zovuta komanso zofooka zingapo. Mavuto akulu:
- Zisindikizo za mavavu nthawi zambiri zimawuluka kuchokera paziwongolero, koma vutoli limapezeka pamatembenuzidwe oyambirira okha.
- Pa mtunda wina, galimoto imayamba kudya mafuta, koma kukonza, masiteshoni ambiri amalangiza decoking, amene sapereka zotsatira zabwino. Ichi ndi chifukwa chofala kwa mtundu uwu wa injini kuyaka mkati, koma sizikusonyeza kufunika kukonza zazikulu, Mlengi anaika mlingo kumwa pafupifupi 600 ml pa 1000 Km.
- Lamba wanthawiyo ukhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi wofooka, uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndikusinthidwa munthawi yake, apo ayi, ngati utasweka, ma valve amapindika, ndipo mwiniwakeyo adzayang'anizana ndi kukonza kwamtengo wapatali.
- Nthawi zambiri pamakhala vuto ndi kusakhazikika kwa liwiro kapena kutayika kwa kukoka; kuthetsa vutoli ndikofunikira kuyeretsa valavu ya USR.
- Zisindikizo pansi pa jekeseni nthawi zambiri zimauma.
Apo ayi, palibenso mavuto kapena zofooka. Mtundu wa injini yoyaka mkati ukhoza kugawidwa ngati wapakati, ndipo ngati mutadzaza mafuta apamwamba kwambiri ndikuwunika nthawi zonse unit ndikukonza kokonzekera, ndiye kuti moyo wautumiki udzakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe wopanga adanenera.
Ponena za kukonza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita zowunikira pa 15000 km iliyonse, koma chomeracho chimalangiza kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri ndikugwira ntchito yomwe idakonzedwa pambuyo pa 10000 km. Khadi lalikulu lautumiki:
- Mafuta ndi fyuluta zimasinthidwa pambuyo pa 1500 km. Lamuloli liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwakukulu, chifukwa injini yatsopano yoyaka mkati singapezekenso. Njirayi imathandizira kuzolowera magawo atsopano.
- Kukonzekera kwachiwiri kumachitika pambuyo pa 10000 km, ndi mafuta ndi zosefera zonse zimasinthidwanso. Kuthamanga kwa injini yoyaka mkati kumafufuzidwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo ma valve amasinthidwa.
- Utumiki wotsatira udzakhala pa 20000 km. Mafuta ndi fyuluta zimasinthidwa ngati muyezo, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a makina onse amawunikiridwa.
- Pa 30000 km, kukonza kumangokhala ndikusintha mafuta ndi zosefera.
Chigawo cha X16XEL ndi chodalirika kwambiri ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, koma chifukwa cha izi mwiniwake ayenera kupereka chisamaliro choyenera ndi chisamaliro.
Mndandanda wamagalimoto omwe injiniyi idayikidwa
Injini za X16XEL zidayikidwa pa Opel yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zofunika:
- Astra G 2 m'badwo mpaka 2004 mu hatchback thupi.
- Astra G 2nd m'badwo mpaka 2009 mumayendedwe a sedan ndi station wagon body.
- Astra F 1st m'badwo pambuyo pokonzanso kuchokera 1994 mpaka 1998. mumtundu uliwonse wa thupi.
- Vectra B 2 mibadwo pambuyo pokonzanso kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2002. kwa mtundu uliwonse wa thupi.
- Vectra B kuyambira 1995-1998 mu masitaelo a sedan ndi hatchback.
- Zafira A ndi 1999-2000
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito injini yoyaka mkati, muyenera kudziwa zoyambira zosinthira mafuta:
- voliyumu ya mafuta kulowa injini ndi 3,25 malita.
- M'malo mwake, lembani ACEA A3/B3/GM-LL-A-025 iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakadali pano, eni ake amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira kapena semi-synthetic.
Kuthekera kwa kukonza
Ponena za kukonza, chophweka komanso chotsika mtengo kwambiri kukhazikitsa ndi:
- Kulowa kozizira.
- 4-1 zotulutsa zotulutsa zotulutsa zosinthika zachotsedwa.
- Sinthani utsi wokhazikika ndi wotuluka molunjika.
- Onetsani firmware unit.
Zowonjezera zotere zimathandizira kuwonjezera mphamvu mpaka pafupifupi 15 hp. Izi ndi zokwanira kuonjezera mphamvu, komanso kusintha phokoso la injini kuyaka mkati. Ngati mukufunadi kupanga galimoto mofulumira, Ndi bwino kugula Dbilas zazikulu camshaft 262, kwezani 10 mm ndi m'malo kudya zobwezedwa wa wopanga ofanana, komanso kusintha unit ulamuliro zigawo zatsopano.
Mukhozanso kuyambitsa turbine, koma ndondomekoyi ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo n'zosavuta kusinthana ndi injini ya 2 lita ndi turbine kapena kusintha galimoto ndi injini yofunikira.
Kuthekera kosintha injini ndi ina (SWAP)
Nthawi zambiri, kusintha gawo lamagetsi la X16XEL ndi lina sikuchitika kawirikawiri, koma eni ena amaika X20XEV kapena C20XE. Kuchepetsa ndondomeko m'malo, ndi bwino kugula galimoto okonzeka ndi ntchito osati injini kuyaka mkati, komanso gearbox ndi zigawo zina. Izi zimapangitsa kuti wiring ikhale yosavuta.
Kuti musinthe pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha injini ya C20XE mudzafunika:
- Injini yoyaka mkati yokha. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito wopereka kwa yemwe mfundo zofunika zidzachotsedwa. Kuonjezera apo, izi zidzatsimikizira kuti chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito ngakhale kuti disassembly isanayambe. Ngati mumagula injini yoyaka mkati padera, muyenera kuganizira kuti muyenera kugula choziziritsa mafuta nthawi yomweyo.
- Crankshaft pulley ya poly V-lamba zowonjezera zowonjezera. Mtundu wa injini musanakonzenso umakhala ndi pulley ya V-lamba.
- Chigawo chowongolera ndi waya wamagalimoto a injini zoyatsira mkati. Ngati pali wopereka, akulimbikitsidwa kuti achotse kwathunthu kuchokera ku ma terminals kupita ku ubongo. Mawaya a jenereta ndi oyambira amatha kusiyidwa kugalimoto yakale.
- Injini ndi gearbox zimathandizira. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito gearbox yachitsanzo ya f20, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira 2 pakutumiza kwamanja kuchokera ku Vectra kwa voliyumu ya malita 2, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Chigawo chokhacho chimayikidwa pazigawo zothandizira zamtundu wa X20XEV kapena X18XE popanda mpweya. Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa mpweya wozizira, ndikofunika kuwonjezera compressor m'galimoto ndikusintha mayendedwe mmenemo, koma zothandizira dongosolo zimawonjezera mavuto ambiri.
- Zomata zakale zimatha kusiyidwa, izi zimaphatikizapo jenereta ndi chiwongolero champhamvu. Zomwe zimafunikira ndikuyika zomangira pansi pa X20XEV kapena X18XE.
- Mapaipi omwe amalumikiza tanki yozizirira ndi zobwezeredwa.
- Ma CV amkati. Adzafunika kulumikiza makina otumizira ndi ma 4-bolt hubs.
- Kutumiza zinthu ngati pedal, helikopita, etc., ngati galimoto kale anali kufala basi.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muyenera zida, mafuta ndi mafuta, ozizira. Ngati pali chidziwitso chochepa komanso chidziwitso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika nkhaniyi kwa akatswiri, makamaka pankhani ya waya, chifukwa imasintha ngakhale mu kanyumba.
Kugula injini ya mgwirizano
Ma motors a contract ndi njira ina yabwino kwambiri yokonzanso zazikulu, zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo pang'ono. Ma injini oyatsira mkati okha ndi magawo ena anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kunja kwa Russia ndi mayiko a CIS. Kupeza njira yabwino yomwe sikufuna kukonzanso kowonjezera pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa sikophweka nthawi zonse kapena mofulumira. Nthawi zambiri, ogulitsa amapereka injini kale serviceable ndi kuyesedwa, ndipo mtengo pafupifupi 30-40 zikwi rubles. Inde, pali zosankha zotsika mtengo komanso zodula.
Pogula, malipiro amaperekedwa ndi ndalama kapena banki. Ogulitsa ambiri a gearbox ndi injini zoyaka mkati zimapatsa mwayi kuyang'ana, chifukwa ndizomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziwona popanda kuziyika pagalimoto. Nthawi zambiri nthawi yoyeserera yomwe magwiridwe antchito angayang'anitsidwe ndi masabata a 2 kuyambira tsiku lolandira galimoto kuchokera kwa chonyamulira.
Kubwerera kumatheka kokha ngati, panthawi yoyesedwa, zolakwika zoonekeratu zikuwonekera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo ndipo pali zikalata zotsimikizira izi kuchokera kumalo osungirako ntchito. Kubwezeredwa kwa galimoto yosweka kumatheka pokhapokha ngati wogulitsa alibe chilichonse choti alowe m'malo mwazogulitsazo komanso atalandira kuchokera kuntchito yobweretsera. Kukana mankhwala chifukwa cha zolakwika zazing'ono monga zokwapula kapena zing'onozing'ono si chifukwa chobwezera. Iwo samakhudza magwiridwe antchito.
Kukana kusinthanitsa kapena kubweza kumachitika nthawi zingapo:
- Wogula sayika galimoto panthawi yoyesera.
- Zisindikizo za wogulitsa kapena zizindikiro za chitsimikizo zathyoledwa.
- Palibe umboni wolembedwa wakusokonekera kuchokera ku station station.
- Kupindika kwakukulu, mabwalo amfupi ndi zolakwika zina zidawonekera pagalimoto.
- Lipotilo linapangidwa molakwika kapena panalibe konse panthawi yotumiza injini yoyaka mkati.
Ngati eni ake asankha kusintha injiniyo ndi mgwirizano, nthawi yomweyo ayenera kukonzekera zowonjezera zingapo:
- mafuta - 4 l.
- Zozizira zatsopano 7 l.
- Zonse zotheka gaskets, kuphatikizapo dongosolo utsi ndi ena.
- Sefa.
- Mphamvu chiwongolero madzimadzi.
- Zomangira.
Nthawi zambiri, ma injini a mgwirizano kuchokera kumakampani odalirika amakhala ndi phukusi lowonjezera la zikalata ndipo amakhala ndi chilengezo cha kasitomu, chomwe chimasonyeza kuitanitsa kwa injini zoyaka mkati kuchokera kumayiko ena.
Posankha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana ogulitsa omwe amapereka mavidiyo pa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto.
Ndemanga za eni ake amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Opel omwe ali ndi X16XEL nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino. Oyendetsa galimoto amawona kutsika kwamafuta, komwe kunakwaniritsidwa zaka zoposa 15 zapitazo. Mu mzinda, mafuta ambiri kumwa pafupifupi 8-9 L/100 Km, pa khwalala mukhoza kupeza 5,5-6 L. Ngakhale pali mphamvu pang'ono, galimoto ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, makamaka pamene mkati ndi thunthu amatsitsa.
Injiniyo si yachilendo pakukonza, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwunika mwachangu lamba wanthawi ndi zinthu zina. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza X16XEL pa Vectra ndi Astra. Ndiwo mtundu wa magalimoto omwe madalaivala a taxi amakonda kuyendetsa, ndipo injini zawo zoyaka mkati zimaphimba makilomita oposa 500 zikwi. popanda kukonzanso kwakukulu. Zoonadi, pansi pa zovuta zogwirira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi mavuto ena kumayamba. Ndemanga zoipa zokhudzana ndi injini sizimawonekera, nthawi zambiri, Opels a nthawi imeneyo anali ndi vuto la kukana kuwononga dzimbiri, choncho oyendetsa galimoto amadandaula kwambiri za zowola ndi dzimbiri.
X16XEL ndi injini yoyenera kuyendetsa mzinda komanso anthu omwe safunikira kuthamanga pamsewu. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a injini yoyaka moto ndi yokwanira kuti azitha kuyenda momasuka, ndipo mumsewu waukulu pali nkhokwe ya mphamvu yomwe imathandiza kudutsa.
