Engine Hyundai, Kia D4CB
Zamkatimu
Opanga mainjini aku Korea apanga ndikuyikanso mitundu ina ya injini za dizilo za banja la A. Mtundu woyambira wasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza kuti ukhale mitundu ina ya magalimoto a Hyundai ndi Kia. Panthawi yolemba, pali zosintha 10 za injini iyi.
Kufotokozera kwa injini
D4CB 2,5 CRDI yapangidwa kuyambira 2001 kokha ku Korea ku fakitale ku Incheon. Kampaniyi ndi ya Hyundai Motor Corporation. Kusintha kwapangidwe kunapangidwa kawiri. (Makina amafuta opangidwa ndi BOSCH asinthidwa ndi DELPHI). Kuwongolerako kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kupita ku miyezo yapamwamba ya chilengedwe.
Injiniyi idayikidwa pamagalimoto opangidwa ndi Korea:
Silinda block, komanso manifold otopetsa, ndi chitsulo choponyedwa. Mutu wa silinda ndi ma intake manifold amapangidwa ndi aluminium alloy.
Ma cylinders amakulitsidwa. Zipinda zoyaka zimakulitsidwa pang'ono. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa silinda ndi silinda ya pistoni.
Ma pistoni amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu alloy popanda zitsulo zolimbitsa zitsulo.
Mutu wa silinda uli ndi ma camshaft awiri ndi ma valve anayi (DOHC gas distribution mechanism).
Kuyendetsa nthawi, mpope wa jakisoni, mikwingwirima yolinganiza ndi pampu yamafuta a unyolo (maketani atatu).
Kuti muthandizire kukonza ndikuwongolera njira yogawa gasi, hood imakhala ndi ma hydraulic compensators.
Ma shafts oyikidwa bwino amalimbana bwino ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu zopanda mphamvu za dongosolo la 2 pakugwira ntchito kwa injini. Zotsatira zake, kugwedezeka sikumawonekera, phokoso limachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Makina opangira mafuta okhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta amagetsi (Common Rail Delphi). Kupititsa patsogolo injini kumbali iyi kwapanga ubwino wambiri (kupulumutsa mafuta, kosavuta kuyambira pa kutentha kochepa, etc.). Kupita patsogolo kowoneka bwino kwamakono kunali kuwonjezeka kwa miyezo ya utsi. Tsopano akutsatira muyezo wa Euro 5.
Kuyika kwa turbocharger ndi intercooler kunapangitsa kuti mphamvu yowonjezera ikhale 170 hp.
Zolemba zamakono
Injini ya mzere A II ili ndi zosintha 10. Iliyonse inkafanana ndi mtundu wake komanso mtundu wa galimoto yomwe idayikidwapo. Gomelo likufotokozera mwachidule za zosintha zazikulu ziwiri - aspirated (116 hp) ndi turbocharged (170 hp).
| Wopanga | Malingaliro a kampani Hyundai Motor Corporation |
|---|---|
| mtundu wa injini | motsatana |
| Voliyumu, cm³ | 2497 |
| Mphamvu, hp | 116-170 * |
| Makokedwe, Nm | 245-441 |
| Chiyerekezo cha kuponderezana | 16,4-17,7 |
| Cylinder chipika | chitsulo choponyedwa |
| Cylinder mutu | aluminium |
| Chiwerengero cha masilindala | 4 |
| Cylinder awiri, mm | 91 |
| Pisitoni sitiroko, mm | 96 |
| Mavavu pa yamphamvu iliyonse | 4 |
| Hydraulic compensator | + |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito ma silinda | 1-3-4-2 |
| Kugwedera damping | balance shafts |
| Nthawi yoyendetsa | unyolo |
| Njira yogawa gasi | DoHC |
| Mafuta dongosolo | Common Rail (CRDI)** |
| Mafuta | DT (dizilo) |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, l / 100 km | Kuyambira 7,9 mpaka 15,0*** |
| Lubrication system, l | 4,5 |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, l/1000 km | Mpaka 0,6 |
| Kutembenuza | +/- |
| Fyuluta yapadera | + |
| Kuchuluka kwa poizoni | Euro 3 - Euro 5 |
| Kutentha kozizira kogwira ntchito, deg. | 95 |
| Njira yozizira | kukakamizidwa |
| Malo: | longitudinal |
| Resource, kunja. km | 250 + |
| Kulemera, kg | 117 |
* Nambala yoyamba ya injini yokhala ndi WGT turbocharger, yachiwiri ya VGT. ** 1st - BOSCH mphamvu yamagetsi, 2nd - DELPHI. *** zimatengera ECU firmware.
Kudalirika, zofooka, kusakhazikika
Mawu ochepa okhudza zizindikiro zofunika za mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi ntchito yake.
Kudalirika
Kudalirika kwa injini kumapangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Tiyeni tikambirane zina mwa izo.
The yamphamvu chipika, yamphamvu mutu, crankshaft, ndodo kulumikiza (kupatulapo zopangidwa 2008-2009) ndi pisitoni siziyambitsa mavuto, iwo amaonedwa odalirika ndithu. Mbali zina ndi misonkhano imafuna kuganiziridwa mozama.
Kukonzekera kwa nthawi kumaphatikizapo maunyolo atatu. Analengeza nthawi ya ntchito yawo ndi 200-250 zikwi Km. Kunena zoona, imafupikitsidwa kwambiri, nthawi zina ndi theka. Kusiyanasiyana kotereku kumakhala kofanana ndi ma mota omwe amagwira ntchito mwankhanza komanso "ufulu" wovomerezeka pakukonza kwawo. Izi zikutanthauza kulephera kukwaniritsa masiku omalizira, osachita ntchito zonse, kuchotsa madzi ogwirira ntchito omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga ndi ma analogue okayikitsa, kuphwanya kosiyanasiyana kwaukadaulo pakukonza.
Kutsiliza: ndi kukonza kwapamwamba komanso panthawi yake ya injini, maunyolo anthawi yake adzagwira ntchito mokwanira.
Zonyamula ma hydraulic zimafunikira chisamaliro. Ndikokwanira kutsanulira mafuta otsika mu injini, ndipo zovuta za valve sizitenga nthawi yaitali.
Makamaka wofatsa pa injini ndi mphete zamkuwa za injectors. Kuwonongeka kwawo (kuwotcha) kungayambitse kulephera kwa injini yonse. Kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wawo pambuyo 45-50 zikwi Km. mileage adzapewa mavuto aakulu mu injini.
Node yotsatira yomwe ikufuna chidwi ndi turbocharger. Analengeza moyo utumiki turbine kuposa 200 zikwi Km. Koma pochita, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi theka. Kuti izi zisachitike, ndikwanira kuyang'ana kutentha kwa injini (kupewa kutenthedwa) ndikutsatira zonse zomwe wopanga amafunikira, makamaka okhudzana ndi mafuta - gwiritsani ntchito omwe akulimbikitsidwa, pamlingo woyenera ndikulowetsa m'malo mwake. munthawi yake.
Pali mfundo imodzi yokha: injini ndi yodalirika, koma pamene zofunikira zonse za izo zakwaniritsidwa.
Mawanga ofooka
Ngakhale kudalirika kwakukulu kwa injini yoyaka mkati yonse, pali zofooka mmenemo. Zolakwika zazikulu ndi izi:
- kukhudzika kwa pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri ndi dongosolo la jakisoni kumtundu wamafuta;
- chiwonongeko chofulumira cha mphete zamkuwa za injectors;
- kuvala mwaukali kwa liners crankshaft;
- kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito.
jekeseni pompa ndi
Sitima yapamtunda ya Common Rail siyingathe kupirira mafuta a dizilo abwino. Ndipo kukonza kwawo sikutsika mtengo.
Mphete zamkuwa zamkuwa zimatha kuwonongeka mwachangu. Kwa zomwe zimatsogolera - kufotokoza izo ndizopanda pake.
Ma bearings a crankshaft bearings amatha kuvala mwachangu kwambiri, zomwe zimatsekereza njira zamafuta. Zotsatira zake, kutenthedwa kwa injini ndikuwonjezera kuvala kwa malo opaka mbali zonse ndi misonkhano yayikulu kumatsimikiziridwa.
Makilomita pakati pa kukonza pafupipafupi siwokwera. Kumbali imodzi, ndi yabwino kwa injini. Koma izi sizibweretsa chisangalalo kwa mwini wake - MOT siufulu.
Zotsalira zofooka za injini zimawonekera kawirikawiri. Mwachitsanzo, kutsekeka kwa wolandila mafuta. Pamafunika chisamaliro chochulukirapo.
Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala kutha kwa unyolo wanthawi, makamaka wapansi, womwe umatulutsa kasinthasintha ku mpope wamafuta ndi ma shafts owongolera. Pamodzi ndi izo, chachikulu chimalephera.
Ma compensators a Hydraulic, valavu ya USR, ndi makina osinthira ma geometry a masamba a turbocharger amakhala ndi moyo wocheperako.
Zowonongeka zakale, monga ndodo yolumikizira, zathetsedwa. Chifukwa cha kusauka kwa ndodo zolumikizira (ukwati wa fakitale), mayunitsi a 2008-2009 adakumbukiridwa.
Pa injini zomwe zinapangidwa pambuyo pa 2006, milandu yakutali ya kupuma kwa jekeseni idalembedwa. Chikhalidwe cha chodabwitsa ichi, mwatsoka, sichinafotokozedwebe.
Kusungika
Kukhazikika kwa injini ndikokwanira. M'malo zovuta. Chowonadi ndi chakuti cylinder block ilibe manja. Kutembenuza ndi kukongoletsa malo ogwirira ntchito, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyenera kuchitika mkati mwa chipikacho. Zochita izi zimafuna zida zamakina zapamwamba kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, pakufunika kugaya kovomerezeka kwa malo okhala pamutu wa silinda ndi chipika chokha, popeza gasket pakati pawo ndi yachitsulo, i.e. osagwa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyika manja kumatheka. Kusintha mbali zina ndi misonkhano ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kukonza sikovuta.
Malamulo a utumiki
Monga tanenera kale, injini ya 4L HYUNDAI D2,5CB imamvera kwambiri nthawi yake komanso kukwanira kwake. Wopanga kukonza wapanga malingaliro ena omwe amafunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa. Koma apa muyenera kuganizira zikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito. Si chinsinsi kuti misewu yaku Russia ndi mtundu wamafuta ndi mafuta amasiyana kwambiri ndi aku Korea. Ndipo osati zabwino.
Kutengera zenizeni, mawu osinthira zinthu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magawo panthawi yokonza injini yotsatira ayenera kuchepetsedwa. Malinga ndi malingaliro a makina oyendetsa magalimoto ndi eni magalimoto omwe injini za dizilo za D4CB zimayikidwa, pakufunika kusintha nthawi yokonza:
- m'malo unyolo nthawi pambuyo 100 zikwi makilomita kuthamanga, ena onse unyolo - pambuyo 150 Km;
- kusintha antifreeze mu dongosolo yozizira kamodzi pa zaka 1, ndi ntchito kwambiri galimoto pambuyo 3 Km;
- mafuta mu injini mumlengalenga m'malo pambuyo 7,5 zikwi Km, ndi injini turbocharged - pambuyo 5 zikwi Km. Pa nthawi yomweyi, fyuluta yamafuta imasinthidwa;
- kusintha fyuluta mafuta pambuyo 30 zikwi Km, mpweya fyuluta - kamodzi pachaka;
- kupewa kutuluka kwa mpweya wa crankcase kunja, pambuyo pa makilomita zikwi 20, yeretsani mpweya wabwino wa crankcase;
- Ndikofunikira kusinthira mapulagi oyaka pachaka, ndi batire ngati pakufunika, koma pasanathe mtunda wa makilomita 60 zikwizikwi zagalimoto.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti pankhani ya kusintha kwa injini (mwachitsanzo, kukonza), mawu okonzekera ayenera kuchepetsedwa.
Tsatanetsatane wa zomwe zagwira ntchito pamitundu yotsatira yokonza zitha kupezeka mu Buku la Opaleshoni yagalimoto yanu.
Kukonza kulikonse kumakhala kokwera mtengo, koma kukonza kapena kusintha injini yonse kumakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Zone yolunjika
Makina opangira mafuta a injini ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimafunikira chidwi chambiri. Ntchito yonse ya unit yonseyi imadalira momwe ilili.
Ndi mafuta amtundu wanji oti utsanulire
Pa mtundu uliwonse wa injini, wopanga amawonetsa mtundu wina wamafuta odzaza dongosolo ndi kuchuluka kwake. Mafuta ovomerezeka kwambiri a injini zoyatsira zamkati za D4CB ndi SAE 5W-30 kapena 5W-40 viscosity grade grade mafuta, mwachitsanzo, Castrol Magnatec Diesel 5W-40 V 4 (PDF) mafuta opangira injini. Zowonjezera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza mawonekedwe ndi mafuta opaka mafuta.
Mukamagula mafuta, samalani ndi zilembo zake kuti musadzaze molakwika mafuta opangira injini yamafuta.
Kutsegula
Mutha kuyimitsa motere m'njira zitatu:
- chip ikukonzekera mwa kusintha makonda a ECU;
- kuzimitsa valavu EGR;
- kukhazikitsa kwa pedal-box module kuchokera ku DTE-systems.
Mwachidziwitso, ndizotheka kuwonjezera mphamvu mwanjira ina - potopetsa mutu wa silinda, koma m'kuchita sikunapeze ntchito yayikulu.
Kusintha kwa Chip posintha makonda a ECU kumachitika m'magawo awiri. Pa gawo loyamba, zoletsa zonse zomwe zimayikidwa ndi wopanga mumagetsi owongolera zimachotsedwa. Pachiwiri, pulogalamu yatsopano "idzadzazidwa" (kuthwanima kwa kompyuta).
Chifukwa cha kusintha kumeneku, miyezo ya chilengedwe idzachepetsedwa kufika pafupifupi Euro 2/3, koma mphamvu idzawonjezeka pang'ono. Malinga ndi ndemanga za anthu amene anachita Chip ikukonzekera motere, kuwonjezeka kwa injini kukankhira zinamveka kale pa liwiro sing'anga. Ali m'njira, kugwedezeka komwe kumawonekera kale kunazimiririka ndi kuchepa kwa liwiro. Kuonjezera apo, kuchepa kwa mafuta othamanga pa liwiro lotsika kunadziwika, komabe, kuwonjezeka kwake kumathamanga kwambiri.
Kuzimitsa valavu ya EGR (kusintha kwa recirculation) kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu pafupifupi 10 hp.
Njira yamakono komanso yotsika mtengo yosinthira injini ndikulumikiza gawo la DTE-systems pedal-box module. Kuyika kwa DTE PEDALBOX booster ndizotheka pamagalimoto okhala ndi magetsi owongolera magetsi a PPT (accelerator pedal). Pankhaniyi, zokonda za ECU sizikuphwanyidwa. Kuyika gawoli kumawonjezera mphamvu ya injini mpaka 8%. Koma nthawi yomweyo tisaiwale kuti ikukonzekera njira ya pedal mafuta ndi makina pagalimoto kulamulira mkulu-anzanu mafuta mpope ndi zosavomerezeka.
Kukonza injini pang'ono kumawonjezera mphamvu zake ndi torque. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo kumawonjezera katundu pa yamphamvu-pistoni gulu. Zotsatira zoyipa zimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kusintha kwamafuta pafupipafupi, koma izi sizibweretsa phindu lalikulu ku CPG.
Kugula injini ya mgwirizano
Kugula mgwirizano wa D4CB ndikosavuta. Komanso, pamodzi ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, injini zatsopano zimagulitsidwa.
Mitengo imachokera ku 80 mpaka 200 rubles. kwa injini zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zatsopano zimawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 70. okwera mtengo.
Kuti mumve zambiri: D4CB yatsopano kunja ikhoza kugulidwa ndi ma euro 3800.
Injini ya dizilo Kia D4CB imafalitsidwa kwambiri ku Russia komanso m'maiko ena a CIS. Zili ndi makhalidwe abwino aukadaulo a kalasi yake, zimaperekedwa kwathunthu ndi msika ndi zida zosinthira, zigawo ndi misonkhano (zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zatsopano) zokonza kapena kukonza.
