Mapeto Odabwitsa Kwa Msilikali Wodziwika

Mapeto Odabwitsa Kwa Msilikali Wodziwika

M'mawa wa February 18, 1944, Ajeremani adapeza kupambana kwawo komaliza kumenyana ku Mediterranean ndi Royal Navy pamene sitima yapamadzi ya U 35 inamira HMS Penelope 410 mailosi kuchokera ku Naples ndi kuukira kothandiza kwa torpedo. Uku kunali kutayika kosasinthika kwa Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la Royal Navy, chifukwa sitima yomwe idamira inali gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe linali litadziwika kale chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pamakampeni angapo, makamaka ku Mediterranean. Ogwira ntchito a Penelope anali atachitapo bwino kwambiri pazochitika zoopsa komanso kumenyana ndi adani. Sitima yapamadzi yaku Britain inali yodziwika bwino kwa oyendetsa sitima aku Poland chifukwa owononga ena a WWII ndi sitima zapamadzi adagwira nawo ntchito zina zankhondo kapena poteteza mwachindunji Malta.

Kubadwa kwa chombo

Mbiri ya sitima yapamadzi yopambana imeneyi ya ku Britain inayambira pamalo ochitira zombo za Harland & Wolff ku Belfast (Northern Ireland), pamene chomangira chake chinaikidwa pa May 30, 1934. Chombo cha Penelope chinakhazikitsidwa pa October 15, 1935, ndipo anayamba utumiki pa November 13. , 1936. Kugwira ntchito ndi malamulo a Royal Navy zombo, anali ndi tactical number 97.

HMS Penelope inali sitima yankhondo yachitatu ya Arethusa yomangidwa. Chiwerengero chokulirapo pang'ono cha mayunitsiwa (osachepera 5) adakonzedwa, koma izi zidasiyidwa m'malo mwa oyenda apanyanja amphamvu komanso akulu aku Southampton, omwe pambuyo pake adapangidwa ngati "yankho" aku Britain kwa omwe ali ndi zida zankhondo zaku Japan. (okhala ndi mfuti 15 kupitirira mainchesi asanu ndi limodzi) Maulendo apanyanja a Mogami. Zotsatira zake zinali 4 ang'onoang'ono koma ochita bwino apaulendo aku Britain (otchedwa Arethusa, Galatea, Penelope ndi Aurora).

Ma cruiser a Arethusa-class light cruisers omwe adamangidwa mu 1932 (ocheperako kwambiri kuposa ma Leander-class light cruisers omwe adamangidwa kale okhala ndi matani pafupifupi 7000 ndi zida zolemera ngati mfuti za 8 152-mm) adayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa zingapo. ntchito zofunika mtsogolo. Adapangidwa kuti alowe m'malo okalamba Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse W ndi D-class cruisers. Otsatirawa anali ndi kusamuka kwa matani 4000-5000. Iwo anamangidwapo kale ngati "owononga owononga", ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi inalepheretsedwa kwambiri ndi liwiro losakwanira, zocheperapo 30 mfundo. zosinthika kwambiri kuposa zazikulu za Royal Cruisers. Zombozo, muzochita zamagulu akuluakulu a zombo, zimayenera kulimbana ndi adani owononga, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kutsogolera magulu ake owononga panthawi ya nkhondo. Analinso oyenerera bwino ntchito zowunikira ngati oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi, zomwe zinali zazing'ono kwambiri motero zovuta kuzizindikira ndi zombo za adani.

Mayunitsi atsopano atha kukhala othandiza m'njira zinanso. Anthu a ku Britain ankayembekezera kuti pakakhala nkhondo ndi Ufumu Wachitatu m’tsogolo, asilikali a ku Germany adzagwiritsanso ntchito ma cruisers ovala maskiti pomenya nkhondo panyanja. Zombo za Arethusa-class zinkaonedwa kuti ndizoyenera kuthana ndi adani othandizira, othamanga otsekereza komanso zombo zoperekera. Ngakhale kuti zida zazikulu zamagulu a British awa, mfuti za 6 152 mm, zinkawoneka kuti zinali zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa za asilikali oyendetsa sitima za ku Germany (ndipo nthawi zambiri anali ndi zida zofanana za mfuti za inchi zisanu ndi chimodzi), mfuti zolemera kwambiri pa zovala zovala. zombo nthawi zambiri zinkapezeka kotero kuti Kumbali imodzi, mizinga 4 yokha imatha kuwombera, ndipo izi zikanapereka mwayi kwa a British pakumenyana nawo. Koma akuluakulu a British cruisers anayenera kukumbukira kuthetsa nkhondo ngati n'kotheka ndipo makamaka mothandizidwa ndi seaplane awo, kusintha moto kuchokera mlengalenga. Kugwira ntchito kwa apaulendo aku Britain ku Atlantic mwanjira imeneyi kutha kuwapangitsanso kuti aziwukira pansi pamadzi, ngakhale kuti ngozi yotereyi idakhalapo nthawi zonse pamakonzedwe okonzekera ku Mediterranean, komwe nthawi zambiri ankafuna kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika za Royal Navy. magulu.

Kusamuka kwa cruiser Penelope ndi matani 5270, matani 6715 onse, miyeso 154,33 x 15,56 x 5,1 m. Izi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa chitetezo cha zombo zapamadzi ndikulowetsa mfuti zinayi zotsutsana ndi ndege zomwe zidakonzedwa poyamba. caliber 20 mm pawiri. Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri pakugwiranso ntchito kwa zombo zamtundu uwu mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean panthawi ya nkhondo, popeza panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya nkhondo (makamaka mu 150-200) panali nkhondo zowopsya ndi oyendetsa ndege amphamvu a Germany ndi Italy. . Kukula kwakung'ono kwa mayunitsi a kalasi ya Arethusa kumatanthauza kuti adalandira ndege imodzi yokha, ndipo choyikapo choyikapo chinali cha 102 m kutalika ndi mita ziwiri zazifupi kuposa za Leanders zazikulu. Poyerekeza, Penelope (ndi mapasa ena atatu) analinso ndi turret imodzi yokhala ndi mfuti ziwiri za 1941mm kumbuyo, pamene "abale awo akuluakulu" anali ndi awiri. Kuchokera patali (komanso pachimake mpaka uta), mawonekedwe a matani awiri a cruiser amafanana ndi magulu a kalasi ya Leander / Perth, ngakhale chikopa cha Penelope chinali chachifupi pafupifupi 1942 m kuposa iwo.

Zida zazikulu zapanyanjayi zinali ndi mfuti zisanu ndi imodzi za 6-mm Mk XXIII (m'mapasa atatu a Mk XXI). Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa zipolopolo za mfutizi kunali 152-23 m, kutalika kwa mbiya kunali 300 °, kulemera kwa chipolopolo kunali 60 kg, ndipo mphamvu ya zida inali 50,8 mozungulira mfuti. Pakadutsa mphindi imodzi, sitimayo imatha kuwombera 200-6 salvos kuchokera kumfutizi.

Kuphatikiza apo, gululi linali ndi mfuti 8 zapadziko lonse za 102-mm Mk XVI zotsutsana ndi ndege (mu makhazikitsidwe a 4 Mk XIX). Poyambirira, zida zotsutsana ndi ndege zidawonjezeredwa ndi mfuti 8 zotsutsana ndi ndege. caliber 12,7 mm Vickers (2xIV). Oyendetsa sitimayo anali nawo mpaka 1941, pamene adasinthidwa ndi mfuti zamakono zotsutsana ndi ndege. The 20mm Oerlikon idzakambidwa pambuyo pake.

Sitimayo inali ndi malo awiri osiyana ozimitsa moto; kwa zida zazikulu ndi zotsutsana ndi ndege.

Kuyikako kunali ndi machubu a 6 mm PR Mk IV a torpedo a Mk IX (533xIII) torpedoes.

Galimoto yokhayo yomwe Penelope anali nayo inali Fairey Seafox seaplane (pamtunda wa mamita 14 womwe tatchulawa). Pambuyo pake ndegeyo inasiyidwa mu 1940.

kulimbikitsa sitima ya AA.