Dornier Do 217 usiku ndi panyanja gawo 3

Ndege zatsopanozi sizinadzutse chidwi, oyendetsa ndegewo adadzudzula zovuta zonyamuka ndikutera kwa omenyera odzaza. Kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuchita mafunde akuthwa mumlengalenga ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kukwera ndi kuthamanga. Kulemera kwakukulu pamtunda wonyamulira kunachepetsa kuyendetsa koyenera mu nkhondo ya mpweya.

M’chilimwe cha 1942, mpaka 217 J nayenso anayamba utumiki mu I., II. ndi IV./NJG 3, pomwe adapereka zida zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Makinawa adatumizidwanso ku gulu lankhondo la NJG 101, lomwe limagwira ntchito kuchokera kudera la Hungary.

Chifukwa Do 217 J, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, inali maziko abwino opangira mizinga inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi ya 151 mm MG 20/20 mu fuselage ya batri, monga Schräge Musik, i.e. mfuti zikuwombera m'mwamba pamtunda wa 65-70 ° molunjika, mu September 1942 chitsanzo choyamba cha Do 217 J-1, W.Nr. 1364 ndi zida zotere. Makinawa adayesedwa bwino mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 1943 mu III./NJG 3. Ndege zopanga zida za Schräge Musik zidasankhidwa Do 217 J-1/U2. Ndege izi zidapeza chigonjetso chawo choyamba ku Berlin mu Meyi 1943. Poyamba, magalimoto adapita kukakonzekera 3./NJG 3, kenako ku Stab IV./NJG 2, 6./NJG 4 ndi NJG 100 ndi 101.

Pakatikati mwa 1943, kutsogolo kunafika zosintha zatsopano za "Do 217 H-1" ndi "H-2 night fighters". Ndegezi zinali ndi injini za inline za DB 603. Ndegeyo inaperekedwa ku NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 100 ndi NJG 101. Pa Ogasiti 17, 1943, mpaka 217 J/N adagwira nawo ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku motsutsana ndi mabomba aku America a injini zinayi akuukira. ku Schweinfurt ndi fakitale ya ndege ya Messerschmitt ku Regensburg. Magulu a NJG 101 adawombera ma B-17 atatu panthawi yakuukira kutsogolo, ndi Fw. Becker wa I./NJG 6 adawombera bomba lachinayi lamtundu womwewo.

Ndege zochokera ku NJG 100 ndi 101 zinagwiranso ntchito ku Eastern Front motsutsana ndi mabomba a Soviet R-5 ndi Po-2 usiku. Pa Epulo 23, 1944, ndege ya 4./NJG 100 idawombera mabomba asanu ndi limodzi amtundu wautali wa Il-4.

Mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala 1942, ma Do 217 J-1 anayi adagulidwa ndi Italy ndipo adalowa ntchito ndi 235th CN Squadron ya 60th CN Group yomwe ili pa Lonate Pozzolo Airport. Mu February 1943, awiri a Do 217 J okhala ndi zida za radar adatumizidwa ku Italy, ndi ena asanu m'miyezi itatu yotsatira.

Kupambana kwa ndege kokha kunapambana ndi Italy Do 217s usiku wa 16/17 July 1943, pamene mabomba a ku Britain anaukira chomera cha hydroelectric cha Chislado. Lid. Aramis Ammannato anawombera molondola pa Lancaster, yomwe inagwa pafupi ndi mudzi wa Vigevano. Pa July 31, 1943, anthu a ku Italy anali ndi 11 Do 217 Js, zisanu zomwe zinali zokonzeka kumenya nkhondo. Pazonse, ndege zaku Italy zidagwiritsa ntchito makina 12 amtunduwu.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1943, II./KG 100, yomwe idakhala ikugwira ntchito kuchokera ku bwalo la ndege la Kalamaki ku Athens kwa pafupifupi chaka, idachotsedwa kunkhondo, ndipo antchito ake adasamutsidwira ku Harz base pachilumba cha Usedom, komwe gulu lankhondo linayenera kusamutsidwa. khalaninso ndi ndege za Do 217 E-5. Nthawi yomweyo, pabwalo la ndege la Schwäbisch Hall, pamaziko a ogwira ntchito a KGR. 21 idapangidwanso kukhala III./KG 100, yomwe idayenera kukhala ndi Do 217 K-2.

Magulu onse awiriwa adayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndikukhala oyamba mu Luftwaffe kukhala ndi zida zaposachedwa kwambiri za bomba la PC 1400 X ndi Hs 293. Nthenga za cylindrical zolemera 1400 kg. Mkati mwake muli ma gyroscope a mitu iwiri (iliyonse imayenda pa liwiro la 1400 rpm) ndi zida zowongolera. Mchira wa dodecahedral unalumikizidwa ndi silinda. Kutalika kwa buluni wokhala ndi nthenga kunali mamita 120. Zowonjezera zowonjezera zinaphatikizidwa ku thupi la bomba mu mawonekedwe a mapiko anayi a trapezoidal okhala ndi 29 m.

M’chigawo cha mchira, mkati mwa nthengazo, munali zolondera zisanu zimene zinkathandiza kuona poloza bomba pa chandamale. Mtundu wa tracers ukhoza kusankhidwa kotero kuti mabomba angapo mumlengalenga amatha kusiyanitsa pamene kupanga mabomba akuukira nthawi imodzi.

Bomba la PC 1400 X linagwetsedwa kuchokera kutalika kwa mamita 4000-7000. Pa gawo loyamba la ndegeyo, bomba linagwera m'mbali mwa ballistic trajectory. Nthawi yomweyo, ndegeyo idatsika pang'onopang'ono ndikuyamba kukwera, kuchepetsa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha parallax. Pafupifupi masekondi a 15 bomba litatulutsidwa, wowonerayo adayamba kuwongolera kuwuluka kwake, kuyesa kubweretsa cholozera chowoneka cha bombalo ku chandamale. Wogwira ntchitoyo ankayendetsa bomba pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi kudzera pa lever yolamulira.

Zida za wailesi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pafupipafupi pafupi ndi 50 MHz pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana za 18, zinaphatikizapo FuG 203 Kehl transmitter yomwe ili pa ndege ndi FuG 230 Straßburg receiver yomwe ili mkati mwa gawo la mchira wa bomba. Dongosolo lowongolera lidapangitsa kuti zitheke kusintha kutulutsidwa kwa bomba ndi +/- 800 m molunjika ndi +/- 400 m mbali zonse ziwiri. Kuyesera koyamba kunkachitika ku Peenemünde pogwiritsa ntchito Heinkel He 111, ndipo zotsatira zake, kumapeto kwa 1942, ku Foggia base ku Italy. Mayeserowa anali opambana, kufika pa 50% mwayi wogunda 5 x 5 m chandamale pamene anatsika kuchokera kutalika kwa 4000 mpaka 7000 m. Liwiro la mabomba linali pafupi 1000 km / h. RLM inaika lamulo la 1000 Fritz Xs. Chifukwa cha kuchedwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka bomba, kupanga mndandanda sikunayambe mpaka April 1943.

Prof. Dr. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30, Herbert Wegner, yemwe ankagwira ntchito pafakitale ya Henschel ku Berlin-Schönefeld, adachita chidwi ndi kuthekera kopanga zida zolimbana ndi zombo zomwe zitha kugwetsedwa kuchokera ku bomba lomwe silingafike kwa mfuti zolimbana ndi ndege. zombo. Mapangidwewo anachokera ku 500-kg bomba SC 500, kuphatikizapo 325 makilogalamu a kuphulika, thupi lomwe linali kutsogolo kwa rocket, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kunali zida za wailesi, gyrocompass ndi mchira. Mapiko a trapezoidal okhala ndi kutalika kwa 3,14 m adalumikizidwa pakatikati pa fuselage.

Injini ya rocket ya Walter HWK 109-507 yamadzi-propellant idayikidwa pansi pa fuselage, yomwe idathamangitsa rocket mpaka liwiro la 950 km / h m'ma 10. Nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito injini inali mpaka 12 s, itatha kugwira ntchito kwake rocket kusandulika kukhala bomba louluka loyendetsedwa ndi malamulo a wailesi.

Mayesero oyamba oyendetsa ndege a bomba la hover, lotchedwa Henschel Hs 293, adachitika mu February 1940 ku Karlshagen. Hs 293 inali ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri kuposa Fritz X, koma itatsitsidwa kuchokera kutalika kwa 8000 m, imatha kuwuluka mpaka 16 km. Zida zowongolera zidaphatikizanso FuG 203 b Kehl III radio transmitter ndi FuG 230 b Straßburg wolandila. Kuwongolera kunkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito lever mu cockpit. Kulunjika pa chandamalecho kunawongoleredwa ndi zolondera zoikidwa mchira wa bombalo kapena ndi tochi yogwiritsidwa ntchito usiku.

M’miyezi itatu ya maphunzirowa, ogwira ntchitowa anayenera kudziwa zida zatsopano, monga ndege za Do 217, ndi kukonzekera nkhondo pogwiritsa ntchito mabomba owongolera. Maphunzirowa makamaka anakhudza maulendo aatali a ndege, komanso kunyamuka ndi kutera ndi katundu wathunthu, i.e. bomba loyendetsedwa pansi pa phiko limodzi ndi thanki yowonjezera ya 900 l pansi pa phiko lina. Gulu lililonse linapanga maulendo angapo ausiku komanso opanda maziko. Oonerera anaphunzitsidwanso kugwiritsira ntchito zida zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kuwongolera njira yowulutsira bomba, choyamba m’zoyesezera zapansi ndiyeno m’mlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito mabomba otsitsidwa.

Ogwira ntchitowo adachitanso maphunziro oyendetsa ndege zakuthambo, akuluakulu a Kriegsmarine adayambitsa oyendetsa ndege ku njira zapamadzi ndipo adaphunzira kuzindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zombo ndi zombo kuchokera mlengalenga. Oyendetsa ndegewa adayenderanso zombo zingapo za Kriegsmarine kuti akaphunzire za moyo wapabwalo ndikudziwonera okha zolakwika zomwe zingapangidwe. Chinthu chowonjezera chophunzitsira chinali chikhalidwe cha khalidwe pamene tikufika pamadzi ndi njira zopulumutsira muzochitika zovuta. Kutera ndi kutsika kwa ma pontoon okhala ndi munthu mmodzi ndi anayi okhala ndi zida zonse zandege kunapangidwa monyansidwa. Kuyenda panyanja ndi kugwira ntchito ndi makina otumizira mauthenga kunachitidwa.

Kuphunzitsidwa kwakukulu sikunali kopanda imfa, ndege ziwiri zoyambirira ndi antchito awo zidatayika pa May 10, 1943. Degler adagwa 1700 m kuchokera ku bwalo la ndege la Harz chifukwa chakulephera kwa injini yoyenera Do 217 E-5, W.Nr. Ogwira ntchito ku 5611 anafa, ndipo Lt. Hable anawononga Do 217 E-5, W.Nr. 5650, 6N + LP, pafupi ndi Kutsov, 5 km kuchokera ku eyapoti ya Harz. Komanso pamenepa, anthu onse ogwira ntchito m’sitimayo anafera m’ngozi yoyaka motoyo. Pofika kumapeto kwa maphunzirowo, ndege zina zitatu zinali zitagwa, kupha anthu awiri ogwira ntchito komanso woyendetsa ndege wachitatu.

Mabomba a Do 217 E-5, omwe ali mbali ya zida za II./KG 100, adalandira ETC 2000 ejectors pansi pa phiko lililonse, kunja kwa injini za injini, zomwe zinapangidwira kukhazikitsa mabomba a Hs 293 kapena bomba limodzi la Hs 293 ndi zina zowonjezera. thanki mafuta mphamvu 900 L . Ndege zokhala ndi zida zotere zimatha kuukira adani pamtunda wa 800 km kapena 1100 km. Ngati cholingacho sichinazindikiridwe, ndegeyo ikhoza kutera ndi mabomba a Hs 293 omwe aphatikizidwa.

Popeza mabomba a Fritz X anayenera kugwetsedwa kuchokera kumalo okwera, anali ndi ndege za Do 217 K-2 za III./KG 100. Oponya mabombawo analandira ma ejectors awiri a ETC 2000 omwe anaikidwa pansi pa mapiko pakati pa fuselage ndi injini ya injini. Pankhani yopachika bomba limodzi la Fritz X, malo owukira anali 1100 km, ndi mabomba awiri a Fritz X adachepetsedwa kukhala 800 km.

Ntchito zolimbana ndi mitundu yonse iwiri ya bomba la hover zitha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mabwalo a ndege olimba kwambiri komanso msewu wothamanga wautali wa mita 1400. Kukonzekera kwa sortie komweko kunatenga nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa momwe zidakhalira zida zankhondo ndi mabomba achikhalidwe. Mabomba owuluka sakanatha kusungidwa panja, motero adayimitsidwa atangotsala pang'ono kuyambitsanso. Kenako anafunikira kuyang’anitsitsa mmene wailesiyo ikugwiritsidwira ntchito ndi zowongolera, zomwe nthaŵi zambiri zinkatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20. Nthawi yonse yokonzekera gulu lankhondo lonyamuka inali pafupifupi maola atatu, kwa gulu lonselo, maola asanu ndi limodzi.

Kusakwanira kwa mabomba kunakakamiza ogwira ntchito kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mabomba a Fritz X kuti aukire zombo za adani zokhala ndi zida zambiri, komanso zonyamula ndege ndi zombo zazikulu zamalonda. Hs 293 imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi zolinga zachiwiri, kuphatikizapo ma cruiser.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mabomba a PC 1400 X kunadalira nyengo, chifukwa bomba liyenera kuwoneka kwa wowonera nthawi yonse yowuluka. Mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ndikuwoneka pa 20 km. Mitambo pamwamba pa 3/10 ndi mtambo pansi pa 4500 m sanalole kugwiritsa ntchito mabomba a Fritz X. Pankhani ya Hs 293, mikhalidwe ya mumlengalenga inagwira ntchito yocheperapo. Pansi pamtambo uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 500 m ndipo chandamale chikuyenera kuwonekera.

Chigawo chaching'ono kwambiri chochitira zigawenga ndi mabomba a PC 1400 X chinali kukhala gulu la ndege zitatu, pankhani ya Hs 293 iyi ikhoza kukhala awiri kapena bomba limodzi.

Pa July 10, 1943, ogwirizana anayambitsa Operation Husky, kutanthauza kuti, kutera ku Sicily. Gulu lalikulu la zombo kuzungulira chilumbachi linakhala cholinga chachikulu cha Luftwaffe. Madzulo a 21 July 1943, atatu a Do 217 K-2s ochokera ku III./KG 100 adagwetsa bomba limodzi la PC 1400 X pa doko la Augusta ku Sicily. Patatha masiku awiri, pa Julayi 23, key Do 217 K-2s idaukira zombo zapadoko la Syracuse. Monga Fv. Stumpner III./KG 100:

Mkulu wa asilikali anali mtundu wina wa lieutenant, sindikukumbukira dzina lake lomaliza, nambala yachiwiri inali fv. Stumpner, nambala yachitatu Uffz. Meyer. Titafika kale ku Strait of Messina, tinawona oyendetsa sitima awiri atakwera pamtunda kuchokera pamtunda wa mamita 8000. Tsoka ilo, mkulu wa makiyi athu sanawazindikire. Panthawiyo, palibe chivundikiro chakusaka kapena zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi ndege zomwe zidawoneka. Palibe amene ankativutitsa. Panthawiyi, tinayenera kutembenuka ndikuyamba kuyesa kachiwiri. Pakali pano, tazindikiridwa. Zida zankhondo zazikulu zolimbana ndi ndege zinayankha, ndipo sitinayambenso kuwukira, chifukwa mkulu wathu mwachiwonekere sanawawone oyenda panyanja ulendo uno.

Panthawiyi, zidutswa zambiri zinali kugunda khungu la galimoto yathu.