Mulingo wovomerezeka wa mowa mu ppm: zambiri zaposachedwa

Kuyambira kale, zadziwika kuti kumwa mowa kumakhudza kwambiri momwe munthu amachitira komanso maganizo ake. Pachifukwa ichi, Malamulo a Pamsewu amaletsa kuyendetsa galimoto ataledzera, ndikukhazikitsa zilango zowopsa pakuphwanya uku. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo owunikira, kuti mwatsoka mwatsoka musataye ufulu wanu.

ppm ndi chiyani

Pozindikira zing'onozing'ono kapena zigawo za zinthu zina, zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito manambala. Kuti mawerengedwe azisavuta, anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito magawo oyambirira a nambala, mwachitsanzo, 1/8, ndiyeno chizindikiro chapadera, chomwe chimatanthauza 1/100. Pomaliza, pamilandu yomwe imafunikira kulondola kwambiri komanso kuwunikira zing'onozing'ono, ppm idapangidwa. Ndi chizindikiro cha peresenti, chophatikizidwa ndi ziro ina pansi (‰).

Permille amatanthauza chikwi chimodzi kapena khumi mwa zana

Mawu oti "pa mille" amatanthauza 1/1000 ya nambala ndipo amachokera ku mawu achilatini pa mille, kutanthauza "chikwi chimodzi". Mawuwa amadziwika kwambiri poyeza kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magazi a munthu. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti monga mwa malamulo amakono, mowa womwe uli mu mpweya wotuluka umayesedwa m'magulu ena: ma milligrams pa lita. Kuphatikiza apo, ppm imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza mchere wa m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja, kutsetsereka kwa njanji, ndi zochitika zina zambiri zomwe zimayimira tinthu tating'ono.

Chizindikiro cha njanji yaku Czech chikuwonetsa kuti gawo la njanji lamamita 363 lili ndi malo otsetsereka a 2,5 ppm.

Pomaliza, pomaliza ndimveketse bwino masamu osavuta a mawu omwe tikukambirana, ndipereka zitsanzo zingapo:

• 15 ‰=0,015%=0,00015;
• 451 ‰ = 45,1% = 0,451.

Chifukwa chake, ppm imathandizira kuwerengera ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amunthu.

Kuchuluka kwa mowa wololedwa m'magazi kwa oyendetsa galimoto ku Russia mu 2018

M'zaka zaposachedwa, m'dziko lathu, njira ya woyimira malamulo ku mlingo wovomerezeka wa mowa m'magazi a woyendetsa galimoto yasintha kale. Mpaka 2010, lamulolo linalola kuti mowa wangwiro uzikhala m'magazi mpaka 0,35 ppm ndi mu mpweya wotuluka - mpaka 0.16 milligrams / lita. Ndiye nthawi imeneyi m'malo ndi kumangitsa kwambiri boma ndondomeko kwa zaka zitatu. Kuchokera ku 2010 mpaka 2013, ethyl iliyonse yomwe ili m'thupi yoposa 0 inalangidwa.

Mpaka pano, malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwa mu Article 12.8 ya Code of Administrative Offenses, kuchuluka kwa mowa mu chisakanizo cha mpweya wotulutsidwa ndi munthu sayenera kupitirira mamiligalamu 0,16 pa lita imodzi. Zizindikiro zilizonse za breathalyzer zomwe zili pansipa zomwe zaperekedwa sizidziwika ngati chitsimikiziro cha kuledzera. Pa Epulo 3, 2018, Purezidenti wa Russia adasaina lamulo lokhudza zosintha mu Article 12.8 - zomwe zili mu mowa wopanda mowa m'magazi tsopano zaloledwa pamlingo wa 0,3 ppm. Lamuloli liyamba kugwira ntchito pa Julayi 3.

Poyezera mowa womwe uli mu mpweya wotuluka, malire ovomerezeka ndi 0,16 mg / l

Lingaliro loyambitsa zomwe zimatchedwa zero ppm, m'malingaliro mwanga, mwachiwonekere silinapambane pazifukwa zingapo nthawi imodzi. Choyamba, cholakwika cha chipangizo choyezera kuchuluka kwa mowa wa ethyl mumlengalenga sichinaganizidwe. Ngakhale Mlingo wocheperako unkawonedwa ngati kuphwanya komweko monga kukhala woledzera kwambiri. Kachiwiri, zidakhala zotheka kukhala ndi mlandu wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe si mowa, mwachitsanzo, nthochi zakupsa, buledi wofiirira kapena timadziti. Ndipo kawirikawiri, kuuma koteroko sikunali kwanzeru, chifukwa kumwa mowa pang'ono m'mlengalenga sikungathe kusokoneza maganizo a woyendetsa galimoto, kuti achite ngozi. Potsirizira pake, msewu unatsegulidwa kaamba ka kusamvana ndi chinyengo kwa oyang’anira apolisi apamsewu.

Kodi mungamwe mowa wochuluka bwanji mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka

Kuchotsedwa kwa "zero ppm" kudakumana ndi chidwi ndi oyendetsa galimoto ambiri. Ambiri a iwo anaona chigamulochi cha nyumba ya malamulo ngati chilolezo choyendetsa magalimoto mumkhalidwe wa kuledzera pang'ono. Ndipotu izi sizowona ayi. Chigamulo ichi cha akuluakulu a boma chinapangidwa kuti chisalimbikitse kuyendetsa galimoto moledzeretsa, koma kupewa zolakwika chifukwa cha zolakwika zaumisiri pazida zoyezera ndi ziphuphu za akuluakulu a boma.

Ndizovuta kuyankha funso la kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe mungamwe musanayendetse galimoto. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuchuluka kwa mowa mu mpweya wotuluka, womwe umayesedwa ndi ma breathalyzer a apolisi apamsewu, zimadalira zinthu zambiri. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zodziwikiratu monga kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe amamwa komanso mphamvu ya zakumwa zomwe amamwa, palinso zinthu izi:

1. Kulemera. Ndi mowa womwewo womwe umaledzera mwa munthu wolemera kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magazi kumakhala kochepa.
2. Pansi. Kwa amayi, mowa umalowa m'magazi mofulumira komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo umatuluka pang'onopang'ono.
3. Zaka ndi chikhalidwe cha thanzi. Mwa munthu wathanzi wachinyamata, mowa umatuluka msanga m'thupi ndipo umakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa.
4. Munthu makhalidwe a chamoyo.

Ngakhale galasi la mowa mu bar likhoza kubweretsa zotsatira zoopsa, zomwe sizingakonzedwenso.

Mfundo imodzi yokha ingatengedwe kuchokera ku izi: palibe yankho lachidziwitso la kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe munthu angamwe kuti akhalebe mkati mwa lamulo. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zina zapakati zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, theka la ola mutamwa botolo laling'ono la mowa wocheperako (0,33 ml), mwa amuna ambiri omanga, mpweya wopumira suzindikira mpweya wa mowa mu mpweya wotuluka. Nthawi yomweyo, vinyo ndi zakumwa zozikidwa pa izo zimakhala zachinyengo kwambiri pakuchita ndipo "osatha" kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale mukumwa kapu imodzi. Mukatha kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, sikuvomerezeka kuyendetsa galimoto. Ngakhale kuwombera kwa vodka kapena cognac kumabweretsa zizindikiro zosavomerezeka panthawi ya mayeso.

Komabe, zomwe tatchulazi siziyenera kutengedwa ngati kuyitana kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa poyendetsa galimoto. Izi, monga malamulo ena ambiri, zimatengera zomwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amakumana nazo ndipo zidapangidwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha oyendetsa galimoto, okwera ndi oyenda pansi. Ngakhale kuledzera, kosaoneka bwino kwa dalaivala mwiniyo, kumakhudza kwambiri luso lake lopanga zisankho pa nthawi, zochita ndi kuganiza.

Kanema: za kuchuluka kwa ppm mutamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa

Timayesa ppm! Vodka, mowa, vinyo ndi kefir! kuyesa kwamoyo!

Pambuyo pake mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka m'magazi

Mwachiwonekere, mankhwala oletsedwa kwa madalaivala akuphatikizapo Mowa wokha mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, yankho la mowa wamkuwa, mankhwala osiyanasiyana a pharmacy (motherwort, hawthorn ndi ofanana), komanso madontho otchuka a mtima ndi kuwonjezera kwa ethanol (Valocordin, Valoserdin, Corvalol). Palinso mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi mowa wa ethyl m'mapangidwe awo:

• Saledez;
• Salesept;
• Pictanol;
• Sintomycin;
• Ingalipt;
• Bittner;
• Aflubin;
• Aflubin;
• Gentos;
• Pansoral.

Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zalembedwa, pali mtundu wina wamankhwala womwe ungayambitse kuchulukitsidwa kwa breathalyzer popanda mowa. Ena mwa iwo: Novocain, Pertussin, Levomycetin, Mikrotsid, Etol.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ambiri ali ndi zoletsa zoyendetsera galimoto. Chofunikira ichi chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Zingayambitse kugona, kusokoneza kugwirizana, kuchepetsa zochita za munthu, kuchititsa nseru, kuchepa kwa magazi, ndi zotsatira zina zoopsa.

Mapeto a zomwe zanenedwa ndi zophweka: werengani malangizo a mankhwala omwe mumatenga. Ngati akuwonetsa kuletsa kuyendetsa galimoto kapena zomwe zili mu mowa wa ethyl muzolemba, pewani kuyendetsa galimoto kuti mupewe mavuto ndi malamulo.

Chiwerengero cha ppm mu kvass, kefir ndi zinthu zina

M'zaka zitatu, kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2013, pamene boma linaletsa ngakhale milingo yochepa mowa mu magazi ndi exhaled mpweya, nthano zambiri anauka anthu za mmene zakudya zina ndi zakumwa zingathandize disenfranchisement.

Mogwirizana ndi malamulo owunika za kuledzera, ndizotheka kuyesedwa kwachiwiri mkati mwa mphindi 15-20, kuti ngakhale kvass ataledzera mwachindunji paulendo sizingabweretse zotsatira zoyipa.

Zowonadi, zinthu zambiri zimakhala ndi mowa wocheperako wa ethyl m'mapangidwe awo:

• zipatso zakupsa (nthochi);
• mkate wakuda;
• kvass;
• kefir ndi zina zofufumitsa mkaka;
• maswiti odzaza ndi mowa;
• mowa wopanda moŵa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa sikungabweretse chindapusa kapena kuletsedwa. Malinga ndi zotsatira za macheke ambiri ndi mayeso omwe adakonzedwa ndi nzika zathu, zinthuzi, ngati zidapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa ppm, zimasowa mkati mwa mphindi 10-15. Choncho, musawope kudya zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, mkaka wowawasa ndi zakudya zina, chifukwa sizidzatsogolera kuphwanya lamulo.

Video: ppm fufuzani pambuyo pa kvass, kefir, corvalol

Msewu waukulu, nthano za ppm pambuyo pa kvass, kefir, corvalol

Kodi kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magazi kumayesedwa bwanji?

Kuyeza mlingo wa mowa wa ethyl m'magazi kapena mpweya wotuluka, malamulo a dziko lathu amapereka njira yapadera, yomwe imapangidwira kuti ikhale yoyenera pakati pa kuteteza ena ku madalaivala oledzera ndi kulemekeza ufulu wa oyendetsa galimoto omwe amabweretsedwa ku udindo woyang'anira.

Mfundo zambiri

Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa mawu ofunikira poyesa kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magazi a dalaivala.

Kuyeza kuledzera kwa mowa ndiko kuyeza kwa mlingo wa mowa ndi woyang'anira apolisi apamsewu pamalopo (mwina m'galimoto kapena pamalo oyandikana nawo) pogwiritsa ntchito breathalyzer.

Kuyeza kwachipatala kwa kuledzera ndi kuyeza kwa mlingo wa mowa wochitidwa ndi madokotala odziwa bwino ntchito zachipatala pofufuza magazi a munthu. Mwachidule, kuyesedwa ndi dokotala.

Sizingatheke kukana kuyesedwa kwachipatala ngati wapolisi wapamsewu ali ndi chifukwa chokayikira kuti mwaledzera

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawu awiriwa ndi kwakukulu: ngati njira yoyamba mwa njirazi ingakanidwe mwalamulo, ndiye kuti udindo wotsogolera umaperekedwa kukana kuyesedwa kwachipatala pansi pa Art. 12.26 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.

Ndondomeko ya Certification

Zolemba zazikulu zomwe mungaphunzirepo za ndondomeko yowunikira ndi Lamulo la Boma la Russia No.

Kuyeza kuledzera kwa mowa

Ndime 3 ya Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation No. 475 la 26.06.2008/XNUMX/XNUMX limafotokoza momveka bwino zifukwa zomwe apolisi apamsewu angafunikire kufufuza:

• fungo la mowa kuchokera mkamwa;
• kusakhazikika kwa kaimidwe;
• vuto la kulankhula;
• kusintha kwakukulu kwa mtundu wa khungu la nkhope;
• khalidwe losayenera pazochitikazo.

Ngati palibe chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ndiye kuti kufufuza kulikonse sikuloledwa.

Kutsimikizira kumachitika motere:

1. Ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zokayikitsa chinawonedwa ndi apolisi apamsewu, ali ndi ufulu womuchotsa pagalimoto molingana ndi 27.12 ya Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuti muyimitse njira yoyenera, ndondomeko iyenera kupangidwa, yomwe imaperekedwa kwa dalaivala. Kuphatikiza apo, lamuloli limakakamiza kulemba kuchotsedwa kwagalimoto pavidiyo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito muyesowu pamaso pa mboni ziwiri (gawo 2 la nkhani yomweyo ya Code).
2. Kenako, woyang'anira ayenera kudzipereka kuti akayezedwe patsamba, zomwe muli ndi ufulu kukana.
3. Ngati munavomera kuyesedwa ndi apolisi apamsewu, onetsetsani kuti chipangizocho chatsimikiziridwa ndipo chili ndi zolemba zoyenera. Komanso tcherani khutu ku nambala ya serial pa breathalyzer, yomwe iyenera kufanana ndi chiwerengero muzolemba, ndi kukhulupirika kwa chisindikizo pa chipangizocho.
4. Ngati breathalyzer imasonyeza makhalidwe ovomerezeka, ndiye kuti kuyimitsidwa kuyendetsa galimoto kungaganizidwe kuti kuchotsedwa, ndipo ndinu mfulu.
5. Ngati breathalyzer imasonyeza mowa mu mpweya wotuluka woposa 0,16 mg / l, ndiye kuti woyang'anira adzalemba satifiketi yoyesa kuledzera. Ngati simukugwirizana naye, mukhoza kupita kukayezetsa.
6. Ngati mukugwirizana ndi zizindikiro za breathalyzer, ndondomeko pa zolakwa za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

Tsatanetsatane wa Chiphaso: tsiku, nthawi, malo a kafukufuku, chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza, komanso zotsatira zake, zotsimikiziridwa ndi siginecha za onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali pa ndondomekoyi.

Kuyeza kwachipatala kwa kuledzera kwa mowa

Kuyezetsa magazi ndi njira yomaliza yodziwira kuchuluka kwa mowa m'thupi. Kudandaula kwina kwa ndondomekoyi n'kotheka kokha kukhoti.

Kuyeza kwachipatala kumachitika muzochitika zitatu (ndime 3 ya Resolution No. 10):

• kukana kufufuza pa malo;
• kusagwirizana ndi zotsatira za kufufuza ndi dalaivala;
• kusagwirizana ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku pa mbali ya woyang'anira.

Muzochita zanga, ndinayenera kukumana ndi ogwira ntchito osakhulupirika a akuluakulu omwe amapereka kuti asayine kukana kukayezetsa kuchipatala, komanso kuti asayesedwe ndi breathalyzer pomwepo. Mukasaina chikalata chotere mosasamala, mudzakhala ndi mlandu pansi pa Art. 12.26 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.

Kuyeza kwachipatala kumachitika motere:

1. Woyang'anira apolisi apamsewu akupanga ndondomeko yotumiza kukayezetsa kuchipatala molingana ndi fomu yochokera ku Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 676 ya 04.08.2008/XNUMX/XNUMX.
2. Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa m'chipatala chovomerezeka ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa bwino. Ngati palibe narcologist, njirayi imatha kuchitidwa ndi madokotala wamba kapena ngakhale othandizira odwala matenda ashuga (malinga ndi kafukufuku wakumidzi).
3. Dalaivala akufunsidwa kuti apereke mkodzo. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mkodzo sikudutsa ndi woyendetsa galimoto, ndiye kuti magazi amatengedwa kuchokera mumtsempha. Pankhaniyi, malo opangira jakisoni ayenera kuthandizidwa popanda mowa, zomwe zingasokoneze zotsatira za phunzirolo.
4. Kutengera zotsatira za kuyezetsa kwachipatala, chochita chimapangidwa katatu. Fomuyi imakhazikitsidwa ndi Order of the Ministry of Health No. 933n.
5. Ngati ngakhale kulibe mowa m'magazi okhazikitsidwa ndi madokotala, mkhalidwe wa dalaivala umadzutsa kukayikira, ndiye kuti woyendetsa galimotoyo amatumizidwa kuti akafufuze mankhwala-toxicological.
6. Ngati dalaivala akutsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuti ndondomeko imapangidwa pamilandu yoyendetsa galimoto komanso kutsekeredwa kwa galimotoyo. Apo ayi, dalaivala ali ndi ufulu kupitiriza kuyendetsa galimoto yake.

Lipoti lachipatala liyenera kukhala ndi: zambiri za munthu amene akuyesedwa, zifukwa zoyezetsa, nthawi ndi malo, zotsatira ndi siginecha ya dokotala.

Ma breathalyzer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apolisi apamsewu pofufuza

Palibe chipangizo chilichonse chomwe chimatha kugwira nthunzi wa mowa mumpweya wotuluka chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi oyang'anira apolisi apamsewu pantchito zawo zamaluso. Mndandanda wa njira zamakono zomwe zimavomerezedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Roszdravnadzor, komanso kutsimikiziridwa ndi Rosstandant, zili mu kaundula wapadera.

Chofunikira china ndi ntchito yolemba zotsatira za kafukufuku papepala. Monga lamulo, kulowa uku kumawoneka ngati chiphaso chandalama chomwe chikuwonekera mwachindunji kuchokera ku chipangizocho.

Zofunikira zonse pazida zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa zidapangidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kafukufukuyu ndi wolondola, ndipo chifukwa chake, ndondomekoyi ndiyovomerezeka.

Mndandanda wa ma breathalyzer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apolisi apamsewu ndiambiri. Nazi zochepa chabe mwa izo:

• Alcotest 6510;
• Pro-100;
• "Jupiter";
• "Alcotest-203";
• Mkango-alcometer 500;
• Mkango-alcometer SD-400.

Nthaŵi zambiri, m’zochitika, oyang’anira apolisi apamsewu amanyalanyaza kulakwa kwa zida zoyezera ndipo amayesa kubweretsa madalaivala osamala kuti aziyang’anira. Ngakhale zitsanzo zamakono, zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zabwino kwambiri ndi luso lapamwamba, zingasonyeze zotsatira ndi zolakwika pang'ono. Choncho, ngati zizindikiro pa muyeso woyamba kupitirira malire ololedwa ndi mtengo wa cholakwika cha chipangizocho, ndiye kuti muzimasuka kuti muyesenso kuyesa kachiwiri kapena kuchipatala.

Nthawi yochotsa mowa m'thupi

Nthawi zambiri, m'mawa pambuyo pa phwando lomwe limakhala pagulu labwino ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, munthu amakumana ndi funso ngati n'zotheka kupita kunyumba pagalimoto yapayekha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito taxi. Avereji ya mowa wotuluka m'thupi ndi pafupifupi 0,1 ppm pa ola kwa amuna ndi 0,085-0,09 kwa amayi pa nthawi yomweyo. Koma izi ndizo zizindikiro zokhazokha, zomwe zimakhudzidwanso ndi kulemera, zaka, ndi thanzi labwino.

Kwa amayi, mowa umatulutsidwa m'thupi pang'onopang'ono.

Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri malingaliro anu amkati ndi malingaliro anu musanasankhe kuyendetsa galimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndi matebulo osiyanasiyana omwe amakulolani kuti muwerenge mozama mowa ukatha.

Chowerengera chapadera cha mowa chimaperekanso zotsatira zapakati, koma zimakulolani kuti mulowetse deta pa jenda, kuchuluka kwake ndi mtundu wa mowa womwe mumamwa, komanso kulemera kwa thupi ndi nthawi yomwe idapita kuchokera pamene zinthu zomwe zili ndi mowa zidalowa m'thupi. Kusinthasintha koteroko, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kwapangitsa kuti zinthu zoterezi zikhale zodziwika bwino pakati pa oyendetsa galimoto komanso anthu omwe amangofuna kudziwa.

Ndikuzindikira kuti tebuloli ndi lazadziwitso komanso zolozera zokhazokha ndipo silinganene kuti ndilolondola kwambiri pokhudzana ndi munthu aliyense. Ndiiko komwe, anthu ena amatengeka mosavuta ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, pamene ena satengeka kwambiri ndi zotsatira zake. Ngati mukukayikira pang'ono, ndikupangira kuti musiye kuyendetsa galimoto yanu.

Table: nthawi ya kuyeretsedwa kwa thupi la munthu ku mowa

Kulemera kwa munthu/mowa	60 (kg)	70 (kg)	80 (kg)	90 (kg)	Kuchuluka kwa kumwa (ma gramu)
Mowa (4%)	2.54 (h)	2.39 (h)	2.11 (h)	1.56 (h)	300
Mowa (6%)	4.21	3.44	3.16	2.54	300
Gini (9%)	6.32	5.56	4.54	4.21	300
Champagne (11%)	7.59	6.50	5.59	5.19	300
Port (19%)	13.03	11.11	9.47	8.42	300
Tincture (24%)	17.24	14.55	13.03	11.36	300
Mowa (30%)	13.03	11.11	9.47	8.42	200
Vodka (40%)	5.48	4.58	4.21	3.52	100
Cognac (42%)	6.05	5.13	4.34	4.04	100

Momwe mungachotsere mowa mwachangu m'thupi

Njira zomwe zilipo zochotsera mowa mwachangu m'thupi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:

• zachipatala;
• "anthu".

Gulu loyamba la njira ikuchitika ndi akatswiri madokotala mu inpatient mankhwala ntchito mankhwala apadera. Poganizira momwe wodwalayo alili komanso zochitika zina, adokotala amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala mu mawonekedwe a droppers ndi sorbent mankhwala omwe amamwa zinthu zovulaza ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa ethanol. Simuyenera "kulembera" mankhwala nokha, chifukwa kuphwanya mlingo kungayambitse poizoni ndipo kumangowonjezera kuledzera.

Gulu lachiwiri la njira ndi lodzaza ndi zopeza zosiyanasiyana zapanyumba komanso zokumana nazo za anthu. Zimalangizidwa kuti zizichita motere:

1. Imwani madzi oyera kwambiri.
2. Gonani bwino (kuposa maola 8).
3. Musaope kuchotsa zomwe zili m'mimba ngati kuli kofunikira.
4. Sambani shawa yosiyana.
5. Kuyenda, kupuma mpweya wabwino kukhutitsa thupi ndi zofunika kuchuluka kwa mpweya.

Video: "anthu" njira zochotsera mowa m'thupi

Momwe mungakhazikitsire msanga kunyumba njira zowonetsera bwino kwambiri

Chilango choyendetsa galimoto moledzera ku Russia mu 2018

Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili komanso kuopsa kwa zomwe wachita, woyendetsa galimoto atha kukhala ndi mlandu woyendetsa galimoto ataledzera.

Ndime 12.8 ya Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation imapereka zolakwa zitatu nthawi imodzi. Ulamuliro woyendetsa galimoto utaledzera ndi kupereka chindapusa cha ma ruble 30 ndikulandidwa ufulu kuyambira zaka 1,5 mpaka 2. Kwa kusamutsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto kwa munthu woledzera, chilangocho ndi chofanana.

Chilango choopsa kwambiri chimaperekedwa kwa woyendetsa galimoto ataledzera ndi dalaivala wosaloledwa. Pakuphwanya uku, munthu amamangidwa kwa masiku 10-15. Anthu omwe, chifukwa cha thanzi lawo kapena zifukwa zina, sangamangidwe amalipira chindapusa cha 30 rubles.

Chatsopano ndi Article 12.26 ya Code of Administrative Offences, yomwe idafananiza zilango zokana kukayezetsa kuchipatala ndi kuledzera uku akuyendetsa. Chilango chidzakhala chimodzimodzi.

Ndondomeko iyi ya malamulo aku Russia ikuwoneka yolondola. Zapangidwa kuti ziletse madalaivala olakwira chilimbikitso chobisala ku njira zamankhwala ndipo mwa njira zonse kupewa kulemba kuledzera kwawo.

Ngakhale kuopsa kwa zilango zochokera ku Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, zilango zowopsa kwambiri zimaperekedwa ndi Criminal Code. M’nkhani 264.1 ya Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, zikuonedwa kuti ndi mlandu kuyendetsa galimoto ataledzera (kukana kufufuzidwa) ndi munthu wolangidwa chifukwa cha kuphwanya komweko. Chilango chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri: chindapusa kuchokera ku 200 mpaka 300 rubles, ntchito yokakamiza - mpaka maola 480, ntchito yokakamiza - mpaka zaka 2. Chilango choopsa kwambiri ndi kukakhala kundende zaka ziwiri. Mwa zina, chigawengacho chimalandidwanso ufulu wake kwa zaka zitatu. Kuti akhale ndi mlandu pansi pa nkhaniyi ya Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, ayenera kuphwanya mobwerezabwereza panthawi yomwe ali ndi mlandu pamlandu womwewo (kapena pasanathe chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene akuphwanya Article 3 kapena 12.8 ya Code of the Code of Zolakwa za Administrative of the Russian Federation (Ndime 12.26 ya Code).

Kuyendetsa galimoto mobwerezabwereza kungachititse kuti munthu akhale m’ndende kwa zaka ziwiri

Mlingo wovomerezeka wa mowa wamagazi kunja

Kuchuluka kovomerezeka mwalamulo kwa mowa woyendetsa galimoto kumadalira kwambiri miyambo ya dziko komanso kulolerana kwa mowa mu chikhalidwe chake.

Chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino cha EU ndi kumwa mowa wokhazikika mpaka 0,5 ppm. Lamuloli limakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi mayiko onse a ku Ulaya.

Makhalidwe okhwima pa mowa ndi kuyendetsa akhazikika makamaka ku Eastern Europe ndi Scandinavia. Mwachitsanzo, ku Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania.

M'malo mwake, malingaliro okhulupilika (mpaka 0,8 ppm) okhudza kumwa mowa ayamba ku UK, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg ndi San Marino.

Hafu ppm yoperekedwa ku France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Ireland ndi mayiko ena

Ku North America, monga lamulo kwa madalaivala, zomwe zili mu ethanol m'magazi siziposa 0,8 ppm.

Mayiko akum'mawa amakhala ndi malingaliro osasunthika okhudza kuyendetsa galimoto ataledzera. Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan pali ziro ppm.

Choncho, musanayendetse kudziko lina lililonse, dalaivala ayenera kuphunzira zambiri za malamulo ake apamsewu, chifukwa nthawi zina amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi dziko limene akukhala.

Ku Russia, kwa madalaivala, mulingo wokwanira wa mille ya mowa m'magazi amayikidwa: 0,3. Kuchuluka koteroko sikungathe kukhudza kwambiri luso la woyendetsa galimoto ndikuyambitsa ngozi. Kwa galimoto yoledzera m'dziko lathu chilango choopsa chimaperekedwa mpaka kundende kwa zaka ziwiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pa nkhaniyi, Russia sichichoka padziko lonse lapansi. Choncho, pambuyo pa phwando labwino, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito taxi kachiwiri, osati kuyendetsa.