Chotenthetsera chowonjezera m'galimoto: ndi chiyani, chifukwa chiyani chikufunika, chipangizocho, momwe chimagwirira ntchito

Chotenthetsera chowonjezera chamkati ndi gawo lomwe limalumikizidwa mu seti yokhala ndi zida zoyikidwa ndi wopanga magalimoto. Imatha kuchepetsa kuvala kwa makina amagalimoto panthawi yoyambira injini, komanso kukhalabe ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwa dalaivala ndi okwera pamene akuyenda nthawi ya autumn-yozizira.

Chowotcha chothandizira cha mkati mwa galimoto ndi gawo la chilengedwe chonse, ntchito yaikulu yomwe ndi kutenthetsa mwamsanga mpweya mu kanyumba kuti mukhalebe chitonthozo cha dalaivala ndi okwera. Zida zodziyimira pawokha zimakupatsani mwayi wobwezeretsa kutentha kwabwino mkati mwagalimoto mutatha kuyimitsa kwanthawi yayitali nyengo yozizira, komanso kuchepetsa chifunga chagalasi kuti muwonetsetse komanso kupewa ngozi zomwe zingachitike. Ganizirani za mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a ma heaters othandizira, malingaliro a akatswiri pa kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi.

Kodi chotenthetsera chowonjezera m'galimoto ndi chiyani

Kukhala kwautali wagalimoto kunja kwa bokosi la garaja mu nyengo yozizira kumathandizira kuti pakhale kutsetsereka kwa ayezi kocheperako kwambiri mkati mwa galasi komanso kuzizira kokwanira kwazinthu zamapangidwe. Njirazi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri usiku - zotsatira zake zomvetsa chisoni zidzakhala kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa kanyumba kanyumba komanso kosatheka kuyambitsa injini paulendo wopita kuntchito kapena kuntchito.

Zikatero, chotenthetsera chowonjezera chamkati chagalimoto chingathandize - gawo lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi zida zoyikidwa ndi wopanga magalimoto. Chotenthetsera choterocho chimatha kuchepetsa kuvala kwa makina pa nthawi yoyambira injini, komanso kukhala ndi malo abwino kwa dalaivala ndi okwera pamene akuyenda nthawi ya autumn-yozizira.

Cholinga cha zida

Gawo lalikulu lakugwiritsa ntchito ma heaters apagalimoto onse ndikukhazikitsa zoyendera anthu ndi zonyamula katundu pogwiritsa ntchito mabasi, ma vani, ma minivans ndi ma minibus.

Minibus ndiye galimoto yoyenera kuyika chotenthetsera chodziyimira pawokha

Ngati pali malo okwanira aulere, gawo lotere litha kuyikidwa m'galimoto yonyamula anthu kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, komabe, zodzitetezera ziyenera kuwonedwa ndipo mphamvu za jenereta ziyenera kuyesedwa bwino kuti apange mphamvu zokwanira.

Chida chotenthetsera

Maziko a chipangizo chilichonse chotenthetsera galimoto ndi radiator, yophatikizidwa ndi mapaipi oziziritsa ozizira, ma dampers, owongolera mphamvu, chowotcha ndi mpweya. Zida zamadzimadzi si njira yokhayo yomwe imapezeka kwa madalaivala, pali zosinthidwa zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mains pamsika, komanso ma air heaters omwe amasiyana ndi mapangidwe ndi njira yowotchera.

Momwe ntchito

Kusunga kutentha kwabwino m'kati mwagalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito mavuvu amoto odziyimira pawokha kumachitika m'njira zingapo, zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wina. Mwachitsanzo, zida zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito netiweki yapanyumba ya 220 V kutenthetsa antifreeze mu thanki yamkati ndikuyipopera munjira yotenthetsera, pomwe mayunitsi amadzimadzi amatenthetsa antifreeze yozungulira mufiriji yamoto. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za mfundo zogwirira ntchito zamtundu uliwonse zimaperekedwa m'zigawo zotsatirazi za nkhaniyi.

Mitundu ya heater mkati mwagalimoto

Pali zosintha zambiri za machitidwe odziyimira pawokha pamsika kuti asunge kutentha kwabwino m'galimoto, mosiyana ndi ntchito, mtengo ndi mphamvu. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa madalaivala amagalimoto olemera ndi ma minibasi ndi ma heaters omwe amagwira ntchito paziziziritsa, magetsi apanyumba ndikuwotcha mpweya mnyumbamo pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta kapena zinthu zotenthetsera.

Kudziyimira pawokha

Zotenthetsera zamagalimoto zomwe sizifuna kulumikizidwa kosatha ku netiweki yamagetsi yapanyumba ndizodziwika kwambiri ndi madalaivala amagalimoto, ma minibasi ndi ma minibus - unit ili kunja kwa kabati kapena pamalo omasuka pansi pa hood. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito zida zodziyimira pawokha zamtunduwu ndizosavuta kwambiri - chowonjezera chothandizira kutentha chipinda chonyamula anthu chimayendetsedwa ndi mafuta omwe amawotchedwa m'chipinda chamkati, ndipo makina otulutsa ophatikizidwa amapangidwira amachotsa zinthu zoyaka m'chilengedwe.

Choyatsira mpweya chagalimoto

Njira ina yofala yotenthetsera chipinda chokwera anthu m'dzinja kapena m'nyengo yozizira ndikuyika radiator yothandizira pa chitofu chokhazikika cha fakitale, chomwe chimakulolani kuti muwombere mpweya wofunda m'zipinda zonyamula anthu pogwiritsa ntchito fan. Lingaliro loterolo limafunikira kuyika kachitidwe ka ma nozzles owonjezera ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamabasi, ma minibasi ndi ma vans onyamula katundu okhala ndi miyeso yochititsa chidwi yamkati.

Zomangamanga zotere zili zamitundu iwiri:

1. Zomwe zimatchedwa "zowumitsira tsitsi", kumene kutentha kwa mpweya kumaperekedwa ndi ceramic heat element, yomwe imaphatikizapo "kuwotcha" kwa mpweya mkati mwa kanyumba. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mtundu uwu wa chotenthetsera ndi yofanana ndi chowumitsira tsitsi chapakhomo - chowonjezeracho chimalumikizidwa ndi socket yopepuka ya 12-volt.
   Choyipa chachikulu cha chipangizocho ndi mphamvu yake yochepa, yomwe siidutsa 200 W, ndipo imalola malo okhawo pafupi ndi dalaivala kapena mphepo yamkuntho kuti itenthedwe pambuyo pogona usiku wonse.
2. Zoyatsira zomwe zimayendera pamafuta a dizilo kapena petulo. Mapangidwe a mayunitsi oterowo amapangidwa ngati silinda, mphamvu yozungulira fani ndikupereka mpweya wotentha kumalo okwera ndege amapangidwa ndi kuyatsa ndi kandulo ndikuyaka mafuta m'chipinda chamkati.

Zowotchera mpweya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mabasi okhala ndi malo otakata mkati kapena magalimoto olemera nthawi yayitali yoyimitsa panja. Kugwiritsa ntchito gawoli kumathandizira mwiniwake wagalimotoyo kupulumutsa mafuta ambiri poyerekeza ndi injini yomwe idayatsidwa panthawi yopanda ntchito kuti ikhale yabwino m'galimoto yoyendetsa.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera izi:

• kumasuka kwa kuika ndi kugwira ntchito;
• Kuchita bwino kwambiri ndi mphamvu zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zotenthetsera mpweya zimadziwikanso ndi zinthu zina zoipa:

• mapangidwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo aulere mu cab ya dalaivala;
• kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kumafuna kuyika kwa mapaipi othandizira;
• kugwiritsa ntchito unit kumakupatsani mwayi wotenthetsera mkati mwagalimoto yokha.

Zipangizo zamakono zamtunduwu zili ndi zida zamagetsi zophatikizika zomwe zimatha kuzimitsa chipangizocho munthawi yake ngati kutenthedwa, komanso zinthu zingapo zomwe mungasankhe - chowerengera, zowunikira kutentha ndi ntchito zina zothandizira.

Chotenthetsera chamadzi chamkati

Mayunitsi omwe amagwira ntchito pamaziko a antifreeze kapena mitundu ina ya zinthu zoziziritsa amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri ndipo amayikidwa mu makina otenthetsera fakitale yamagalimoto. Malo akuluakulu oyika chowonjezera mu mawonekedwe a chipika chapadera chokhala ndi fan ndi chipinda choyaka moto ndi chipinda cha injini kapena malo amkati; nthawi zina, mapangidwewo amawonjezeredwa ndi mpope wothandizira kuti akanikizire madzi ozungulira.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chowotcha chowonjezera chotere chamkati mwagalimoto chimatengera kutentha kwa antifreeze komwe kumakhazikika mu radiator ya chitofu, mafani amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwomba malo mkati mwa kanyumba ndikupereka kutentha molunjika ku mota. Kuwotcha mu unit yotere kumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumatheka chifukwa cha chubu chothandizira chamoto, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chomwe chili pansi pa galimotoyo.

Chitsanzo cha chitsanzo cha chowotcha chamadzimadzi chodziyimira pawokha ndi gawo lopangidwa ndi Russia "Helios-2000"

Ubwino waukulu wa zida zamtunduwu:

• kupulumutsa kwakukulu kwa malo mu kanyumba chifukwa cha kuthekera kokwera pansi pa hood;
• kuchuluka kwachangu;
• ndalama zopulumutsa mphamvu.

Kuipa kwakukulu kwa ma heater amadzimadzi ndi:

• zipangizo ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya zowotchera zodziyimira pawokha pamsika;
• kuchuluka unsembe zovuta.

Mitundu yapamwamba yamayunitsi amakono oletsa kuzizira amathandizira kuyatsa kwakutali, komanso kuyatsa pogwiritsa ntchito fob ya kiyi.

Zamagetsi

Zipangizo zamtunduwu zimalumikizidwa ndi makina otenthetsera fakitale yagalimoto ndipo zimagwira ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi apanyumba a 220 V. Mfundo ya ntchito ya unit magetsi chimatsimikizira ubwino wake waukulu - dalaivala sayenera kuwononga mafuta kapena antifreeze kukwaniritsa kutentha momwe akadakwanitsira mu kanyumba poyerekeza ndi ntchito mpweya kapena heaters madzi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma heaters amagetsi odziyimira pawokha kumathandizira kuti pakhale mafuta ambiri komanso kupulumutsa ndalama

Choyipa chachikulu cha gawo loterolo ndikufunika kolowera kumagetsi ogwirira ntchito, omwe sangathe kukumana nawo nthawi yake paulendo wautali pabasi kapena galimoto. Vuto linanso kwa dalaivala lidzakhala kugwirizana kodziyimira pawokha kwa zida zowotchera wamba - kuti athetse vutoli, akatswiri agalimoto amalimbikitsa kulumikizana ndi malo apadera othandizira.

Opanga otchuka a ma heaters agalimoto

Pamsika waku Russia pali mizere ingapo ya ma air heaters (omwe amatchedwa "dry hair dryers"), amasiyana mphamvu, dziko lochokera komanso mtengo wake. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa oyendetsa galimoto ndi awa omwe adayesedwa nthawi:

• Ma heaters aku Germany Eberspacher ndi Webasto a gawo lamtengo wapatali;
• bajeti mayunitsi zoweta "Planar" ku Samara kampani "Advers";
• zida zapakatikati za China Belief.

Ma heaters odziyimira pawokha ochokera kwa wopanga waku Russia Planar ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa eni magalimoto

Kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa zopangidwa kuchokera ku Germany ndi Russia kumatha kufika pamtengo wowirikiza ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zimangobwera chifukwa cha kubweza kwa kutchuka kwamtundu, fananizo ndi Bentley kapena Mercedes-Benz.

Momwe mungasankhire chotenthetsera chagalimoto

Pogula chotenthetsera chabwino kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mu minibus kapena galimoto, dalaivala amalangizidwa poyamba kuti asamalire mphamvu ya chipangizocho. Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu azotenthetsera pamsika:

• ma kilowatts awiri - amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zazing'ono;
• ma kilowatts atatu-anayi - oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zambiri zamagalimoto otayira, ma minibasi ndi magalimoto aatali;
• asanu-eyiti kilowatt - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa motorhomes ndi matupi amtundu wa KUNG.

M'magalimoto olemera, ma heaters odziyimira okha okhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 3 kilowatts amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zina zowonjezera zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha unit yogwira ntchito:

• kuthekera kwakutali;
• kupezeka kwa malo omasuka kuti akhazikitse dongosolo;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotentha, kulemera ndi kukula kwa chowonjezera.

Zatsatanetsatane zaukadaulo nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa pamakadi ogulitsa patsamba la wopanga kapena wogulitsa, pomwe mutha kuyitanitsa njira yabwino kwambiri yotenthetsera ndikubweretsa kulikonse mdziko muno ndikudina pang'ono.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito moyenera

Ngakhale kuphweka kowonekera kwapangidwe, chowotcha chowonjezera ndi gawo lovuta lomwe limafuna kuti dalaivala azitsatira malamulo ena panthawi ya ntchito. Akatswiri a magalimoto amalimbikitsa kutsatira malangizo awa:

Werenganinso: Utsi wa chitofu chagalimoto - chifukwa chake zikuwoneka, choti uchite

• yambitsa chipangizo kamodzi pamwezi kuti magazi dongosolo mafuta ndi kuyeretsa kuchokera fumbi particles ndi kuyaka mankhwala;
• kuthetsa mwayi wotsegula mwangozi chowonjezera chagalimoto panthawi yamafuta;
• zimitsani chowotchera kumapeto kwa kayendetsedwe kake kuti mupewe kutulutsa kwa batri.

Ngati pali phokoso lachilendo m'dongosolo lozizirira kapena kuyesa kotsatizana kosatheka kuyambitsa, dalaivala ayenera kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito mwamsanga kuti azindikire ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukonza kapena kusintha zipangizo.

Zomwe zingasinthe chitofu m'galimoto

Pamabwalo am'mutu a oyendetsa pamaneti, mutha kupeza maupangiri atsatane-tsatane odzipangira okha ma heaters odziyimira pawokha kuchokera kuzinthu zotsogola. Chimodzi mwazosankha zodziwika bwino pankhaniyi ndi mapangidwe otengera gawo la chipangizocho kuchokera pakompyuta yapakompyuta, yophatikizidwa ndi ma filaments ndi fani yaying'ono yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa purosesa kapena bolodi.

Kuchita ndi chitetezo cha mayunitsi otenthetsera opangidwa kunyumba kumadzutsa mafunso akulu, kotero akatswiri amagalimoto samalangiza madalaivala wamba opanda mulingo woyenera wa chidziwitso chaukadaulo kuyesa kupanga ndi kulumikizana kwa zida zotere. Kuyika chowotchera chowonjezera pamagalimoto kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri wapamalo ochitira chithandizo kuti apewe ngozi kapena ngozi paulendo.

Momwe mungasankhire chowotcha chamkati cha Autonomous?