Ma injini a dizilo - njira ina yapadera yamainjini amafuta

Rudolf Aleksandr Dizilo amadziwika kuti ndi amene anayambitsa galimoto ya dizilo, yomwe inali kalambulabwalo wa injini monga 2.0 TDI, 1.9 TDI, 1.6 TDI ndi 1.6 HDI. Anagwira ntchito yozimitsa yokha. Ankafuna kuti ntchito yake ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa njira zopangira mafuta omwe akudziwika mpaka pano. Poyamba, dizilo silinagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magalimoto onyamula anthu, koma m'zombo zapamadzi ndi ma locomotives. Mapangidwe oyambirira a kalasi iyi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magalimoto amawilo, ndi amene anaikidwa pa Mercedes-Benz 260 D.

Kukula kwa injini ya dizilo kwazaka zambiri

Kuyamba kwa kupanga mu 1936 kunayambitsa chitukuko champhamvu cha injini ya dizilo.. Zaka ziwiri zokha pambuyo pake, chiwerengero cha Mercedes chopangidwa ndi mphamvu iyi chinali mayunitsi 2000. Zaka za m'ma 50 zinali zopambana zaumisiri watsopano m'malo mwa njira zopangira mafuta. Ubwino wa mapangidwe a injiniwa ankaonedwa kuti ndi opulumuka kwambiri komanso otsika mafuta, makamaka pamtunda wautali. 1978 - tsiku la kupanga galimoto yoyamba yokhala ndi injini yokhala ndi turbine yowonjezera, i.e. turbodiesel. Inali French Peugeot 604.

Fiat Croma ya 1985 ndi 1997 Alfa Romeo JTD, onse okhala ndi jekeseni wamba wanjanji, amawonedwa kuti ndi makolo akale a magalimoto amakono a dizilo. Pakadali pano, mayankho awa akusinthidwa ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa ndi magetsi. Chimodzi mwazifukwa ndi njira zachilengedwe zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchotseratu makampani amagalimoto otulutsa mpweya woipa wa zinthu zosakhazikika mumlengalenga. Komabe, ngati mukuganiza zogula galimoto yoyendera dizilo, dziwani kuti magalimoto aposachedwa ali ndi zobiriwira kwambiri, zotulutsa mpweya wochepa.

Mapangidwe a injini zamakono za dizilo

Kodi ma injini amakono a dizilo amapangidwa bwanji? Izi sizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe titha kudziwa kuchokera kumakampani opanga magalimoto zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Injini ya dizilo imakhala ndi camshafts ndi crankshafts, flywheel, njira yapadera yochepetsera, komanso ma pushers ndi ndodo yolumikizira. Imakhalanso ndi chipinda choyaka moto chisanayambe, majekeseni, fyuluta ya mpweya ndi dongosolo la silinda. Zinthuzo zimathandizidwa ndi gulu la owongolera zamagetsi.

Kodi injini za dizilo zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pogwira ntchito, injini ya 2.0 HDI, monga injini zina za dizilo, imawotcha mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya. Mosiyana ndi njira za petulo, sizifuna kuti moto uziyaka chifukwa zimangochitika zokha. Mpweya woponderezedwa umayamwa mu silinda kuchokera kunja ndikutenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwambiri kwapakati pa 700-900.^oC. Zotsatira zake, kusakaniza kumayaka ndipo mafuta amabayidwa. Mfundo imeneyi ntchito amagwirizana ndi ozizira kuyamba mavuto m'dzinja ndi yozizira.

Injini yodalirika komanso yachuma 1.9 TDI.

Mosakayikira, mmodzi wa powertrains odalirika ndi cholimba ndi otsika kukonza 1.9 TDI injini dizilo. Dizilo wa kalasi iyi nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ndi amakanika odziwa zambiri ngati chitsanzo chodalirika. Ndithu, mukhoza kukumana naye pamene mukuyang'ana galimoto. Mapangidwe azithunzi amakhala ndi Turbo Direct Injection. Poyamba, pampu ya jakisoni yozungulira yokhala ndi ma nozzles a magawo awiri idagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.

Yankho laukadaulo lopangidwa ndi mainjiniya a Volkswagen lasintha msika wamagalimoto ndikulola kuti injini ikhale yogwira ntchito komanso yotsika mtengo. Mafuta ochepa kwambiri amakulolani kuti mupereke mphamvu zambiri pano. Nthawi yomweyo, injini ya 1.9 TDI yomwe tikufotokoza ndi Dizilo, yosavuta kuyisamalira komanso yosakonza. Imodzi mwa magalimoto oyambirira omwe adayikidwapo inali Audi 80 yodziwika bwino. M'zaka zotsatira, idayikidwanso pa Seat, Skoda ndi Ford magalimoto.

Kodi kuipa kwa injini ya 1.9 TDI ndi chiyani?

Ngati mukuganiza ngati injini ya dizilo yotchuka ilibe cholakwika, dziwani kuti nayonso ili pachiwopsezo cholephera. Chimodzi mwazolephera zodziwika bwino za injini ya 1.9 TDI ndikuwonongeka kwa jakisoni. Zimawonetseredwa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta, komanso utsi wakuda, wandiweyani wochokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya. Vuto lina ndi valavu ya EGR ndi kutayikira kwamafuta ogwirizana, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kusowa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mavuto ndi turbocharger.

Madalaivala ambiri amadandaula za kukwera mtengo kwa kukonza injini ya 1.9 TDI. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha makina opangira makina opangira makina ojambulira ndi mawilo owuluka awiri kumawononga ngakhale masauzande angapo a zł. Njira ina mu nkhaniyi ikhoza kukhala ntchito yokonzanso zovuta za dongosolo. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti nthawi zambiri zowonongeka zomwe zatchulidwazi nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsidwa ndi vuto la fakitale, koma chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika ndi kukonza galimoto ndi makaniko osadziwa. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ukadaulo wagalimoto nthawi zonse.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Injini za Dizilo

Ubwino umodzi waukulu wa injini za dizilo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa pamaulendo ataliatali. Iwo ndi osayerekezeka poyerekeza ndi petulo kapena LPG injini. Tiyeneranso kuzindikira makokedwe apamwamba ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zakwaniritsidwa kale pafupifupi 2000 rpm. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyendetsa, kupitilira ndikupeza chisangalalo choyendetsa mosasamala. Zimakhalanso zachilendo kuonjezera zokolola kudzera muzosintha zamapulogalamu pamlingo wamagetsi olamulira.

Kuipa kwakukulu kwa mayunitsi a dizilo amtundu wa injini ya 2.0 HDI ndi kukwera mtengo kogula poyerekeza ndi njira zaukadaulo zomwe zimayendera pamafuta. Izi zimabweretsanso ndalama zambiri zokonzanso ndi kukonza. Chikhalidwe cha ntchito sichinafike pamlingo. Inu mukhoza ndithudi kumva kusiyana pa ntchito mokweza wa pagalimoto dongosolo. Mapangidwe a injini ya dizilo ndizovuta kwambiri. Zinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo kwambiri ndi:

• turbocharger;
• particulate fyuluta DPF;
• Mavavu a EGR ndi majekeseni wamba wanjanji.

Dizilo akulephera?

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndi kukonzanso kokwera mtengo kwa injini za dizilo ndi zina mwa mikangano yofala kwambiri yotsutsa njira za dizilo. Mapangidwe awo ovuta amawapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka ku zolakwika zambiri zomwe zimafuna kulowererapo kwa makina odziwa zambiri. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa chake ndi ntchito ya m'tauni, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kuyendetsa pagalimoto yotentha kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti mumzinda komanso paulendo waufupi, makamaka m'dzinja ndi nyengo yozizira, galimoto yokhala ndi injini ya petulo idzakhala yabwino kwambiri.

Kulephera kofala kwa injini ya dizilo ndiko kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya

Zina mwa zolakwika zomwe zimatchulidwa kawirikawiri mu injini za dizilo ndi zolakwika zamakina apamwamba oyeretsera gasi. Ntchito yawo ndi kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa nitrogen oxide ndi zinthu zina zovulaza mumlengalenga. Machitidwe a SCR kapena zosefera za DPF zimachepetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosafunikira zomwe zimatuluka mumipweya yotulutsa mpweya. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amatha pambuyo pa makumi angapo kapena makilomita zikwi mazana angapo, malingana ndi kayendetsedwe ka galimoto. Chigawo chotsekedwa chikhoza kusinthidwa, kutsukidwa kapena kukonzedwa ndi ntchito ya akatswiri.

Kulephera kwa turbocharger mu injini ya dizilo

Chinthu china chomwe chimalephera kulephera pafupipafupi mu injini za dizilo ndi turbocharger ndi zowonjezera zake. Kuyendetsa kwamphamvu, kwamasewera mumzinda mutangoyamba injini ya dizilo kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakugwira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a turbine. Zotsatira zake ndi zolakwika mu dongosolo la kudya, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukonzanso kwamtengo wapatali kapena kukonzanso. Mtengo wokonzanso ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera pa ma zloty angapo mpaka masauzande angapo. Pankhani ya magalimoto ambiri akale, izi ndizopanda phindu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamalira magwiridwe antchito oyenera amagetsi, ndikusankha galimoto ina yothamangira mumsewu.

Zowonongeka mu dongosolo la jakisoni mu injini za dizilo

Njira ya jakisoni ndi mfundo ina yomwe mungakumane nayo ngati muli ndi galimoto ya dizilo. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kwa jekeseni. Izi zikhoza kukhala mafuta otsika kwambiri, kukonzedwa ndi makina osadziwa zambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma rash chip. Malangizo amathanso kutsekedwa ndi zonyansa ngati zojambula zachitsulo. Palinso kutenthedwa kwa koyilo zoyatsira ndi kudontha kuchokera pansi pa zisindikizo. Mtengo wokonzanso nthawi zambiri umachokera ku ma zloty mazana angapo mpaka masauzande angapo.

Swirl flaps ndi EGR 

Chinthu china choyenera kutchulidwa ndi ma swirl flaps ndi EGR. Ntchito yawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pamakhala kutsika kokwanira kwa zinthu zowopsa zomwe zimasokonekera ndipo, chifukwa chake, zikutsatira miyezo yachilengedwe. 

Flywheel mu 1.6 HDI ndi 1.9 TDI

Chigawo chomaliza chopezeka m'mayunitsi ambiri monga 1.6 HDI kapena 1.9 TDI ndi Dual Mass Flywheel. Ili ndi vuto kwa eni magalimoto akale kuposa zaka khumi ndi injini ya dizilo. Chifukwa cha kulephera kwake nthawi zambiri kuyendetsa galimoto pa liwiro lotsika. Mtengo wokonzanso ukhoza kupitirira 1000 euros

Kusankha pakati pa injini ya dizilo ndi mafuta

Kusankha pakati pa dizilo ndi mafuta ndi vuto lamuyaya kwa eni magalimoto, ma vani ndi magalimoto. Ngati mukudabwa kuti ndi mapangidwe ati omwe angakhale abwino kwa inu, tidzayesetsa kukupatsani malangizo. 

1. Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira za ma kilomita omwe mudzayende nawo pachaka. Ngati mukhala mukuyendetsa kwambiri pamsewu, injini ya dizilo ngati 1.6 HDI kapena 1.9 TDI ndiyabwino kwambiri. 
2. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuyenda makamaka mumzinda kwa mtunda waufupi, ndiye kuti galimoto yokhala ndi injini ya petulo ndiyo yabwino kwambiri kugula.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa, makamaka paulendo wautali, ndi mwayi wina womwe umalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha magalimoto a dizilo. Ubwino wake umawonekera makamaka poganizira mapangidwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu zama hp mazana angapo. The kumwa mafuta dizilo ndiye kwambiri m'munsi poyerekeza ndi galimoto ndi makhalidwe ofanana, koma ndi injini mafuta. 
4. Ngati mumasamala za chilengedwe, muyenera kusankha imodzi mwamitundu yatsopano, yomwe imayikanso zosefera za dizilo. Amatsatira miyezo ya chilengedwe ndipo amathandizira kuchepetsa mpweya wa zinthu zosakhazikika mumlengalenga.

Ndi chiyaninso chomwe ndiyenera kuyang'ana ndikagula galimoto ya dizilo?

Poganizira kugula galimoto ndi injini dizilo, m'pofunika kulabadira osati mtengo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kukonza nthawi ndi kukonzanso zotheka. Iwo ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi injini zamafuta. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cha kusamalidwa kosayenera ndi makina osadziwa zambiri, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kunyalanyaza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito okha. Pachifukwa ichi, galimoto yotereyi iyenera kukonzedwa ndi akatswiri odalirika omwe ali ndi chidziwitso choyenera. Mwanjira imeneyi, mudzapewa kubweza ndalama zambiri m'malo mwa ma flywheel awiri, fyuluta ya DPF kapena ma valve a EGR.

Ma injini a TDI odalirika komanso otsika

Palibe kukayika kuti injini za TDI ndi HDI ndizokhazikika komanso zotsika mtengo kuyendetsa. Magawo a dizilo amadziwika ndi kutsika kwamafuta amafuta, makamaka akamayendetsa mwachuma panjira zazitali zapakhomo komanso zakunja. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhala ndi zovuta zochepa kuposa magalimoto amafuta okhala ndi LPG yowonjezera. Iwo ndi abwino kusankha ngati zombo ndi magalimoto kampani. Amasankhidwanso nthawi zambiri ndi makampani omanga.

Chifukwa cha zovuta zamainjini amakono a dizilo, amatha kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri kuwasamalira kuposa injini zamafuta. Mfundo imeneyi iyenera kuganiziridwa poganizira kugula galimoto yatsopano kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Makamaka potsirizira pake komanso pamagalimoto okhala ndi mtunda wautali, kukonzanso kwa silinda kungafuneke. Musanatsirize kugulitsako, muyenera kupita ku siteshoni yapafupi ya matenda ndikuyang'ana luso la galimoto yomwe mukufuna.