Kodi timafunadi kumasuka ku monopolies ndi kutenganso network? Palinso, intaneti

Kumbali imodzi, intaneti ikuponderezedwa ndi olamulira a Silicon Valley (1), omwe ali amphamvu kwambiri ndipo akhala okhwima kwambiri, akupikisana ndi mphamvu ndi mawu otsiriza ngakhale ndi maboma. Kumbali inayi, ikulamulidwa kwambiri, kuyang'aniridwa ndi kutetezedwa ndi maukonde otsekedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi mabungwe akuluakulu.

Wopambana Mphotho ya Pulitzer Glenn Greenwald anafunsa mafunso Edward Snowden (2). Iwo analankhula za dziko la intaneti lero. Snowden analankhula za masiku akale pamene ankaganiza kuti intaneti inali yopanga komanso yogwirizana. Idasinthidwanso chifukwa chakuti mawebusayiti ambiri adapangidwa anthu akuthupi. Ngakhale kuti sizinali zovuta kwambiri, mtengo wawo unatayika pamene intaneti inakula kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa osewera akuluakulu amakampani ndi amalonda. Snowden adanenanso za kuthekera kwa anthu kuteteza zomwe ali nazo komanso kukhala kutali ndi njira zonse zotsatirira komanso kusonkhanitsa zambiri zamunthu.

“Kalekale, intaneti sinali malo amalonda,” adatero Snowden, “koma pambuyo pake inayamba kukhala imodzi mwa makampani, maboma ndi mabungwe amene anapanga Intaneti makamaka kwa iwo eni, osati kwa anthu.” "Amadziwa chilichonse chokhudza ife, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachita zinthu modabwitsa komanso mosadziwika bwino kwa ife, ndipo tilibe mphamvu pa izi," adatero. Ananenanso kuti izi zikuchulukirachulukira. censorship imaukira anthu chifukwa cha amene iwo ali ndi zimene amakhulupirira, osati zimene amanena kwenikweni. Ndipo amene akufuna kutsekereza ena lero sapita kukhoti koma amapita kumakampani aukadaulo ndikuwakakamiza kuti atsekere anthu osamasuka m'malo mwawo.

Dziko mu mawonekedwe a mtsinje

Kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira ndi kuletsa intaneti ndizochitika masiku ano. Anthu ambiri sagwirizana ndi izi, koma nthawi zambiri sachita mokwanira kutsutsana nazo. Palinso mbali zina za intaneti zamakono zomwe sizilandira chidwi chochepa, koma zimakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, mfundo yakuti masiku ano zambiri zimaperekedwa ngati mitsinje ndizofanana ndi zomangamanga za malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Umu ndi momwe timagwiritsira ntchito intaneti. Kusakatula pa Facebook, Twitter, ndi masamba ena kumatengera ma aligorivimu ndi malamulo ena omwe sitikuwadziwa. Nthawi zambiri, sitidziwa kuti ma aligorivimu oterewa alipo. Ma aligorivimu amasankha ife. Kutengera ndi zomwe tawerenga, kuwerenga ndi kuziwona kale. Amayembekezera zomwe tingakonde. Mapulogalamuwa amasanthula mosamala zomwe timachita ndikusintha ma feed athu ndi mapositi, zithunzi, ndi makanema omwe akuganiza kuti tingakonde kuwona. Dongosolo la conformist likutuluka momwe zodziwika bwino koma zosasangalatsa zili ndi mwayi wocheperako.

Koma kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani pakuchita? Mwa kutipatsa mtsinje wokhazikika, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amadziwa zambiri za ife kuposa wina aliyense. Ena amakhulupirira kuti n’zoposa mmene timadzionera tokha. Ndife odziwikiratu kwa iye. Ndife bokosi la data lomwe amafotokoza, amadziwa kukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Mwanjira ina, ndife katundu wogulitsidwa komanso wokhala ndi, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wakutiwakuti wotsatsa. Kwa ndalama izi, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amalandira, ndipo ife? Chabwino, ndife okondwa kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino kotero kuti timatha kuwona ndi kuwerenga zomwe timakonda.

Kuyenda kumatanthauzanso kusinthika kwamitundu yazinthu. Pali zolemba zochepa zomwe zikuperekedwa chifukwa timayika kwambiri zithunzi ndi zithunzi zosuntha. Timakonda ndikugawana nawo pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake ma aligorivimu amatipatsa zambiri za izo. Timawerenga mochepa. Tikuyang'ana mochulukira. Facebook yakhala ikuyerekezeredwa ndi wailesi yakanema kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Ndipo chaka chilichonse chimakhala chochulukirachulukira mtundu wa kanema wawayilesi womwe umayang'aniridwa "pamene ikupita". Chitsanzo cha Facebook chokhala kutsogolo kwa TV chili ndi zovuta zonse zokhala patsogolo pa TV, osangokhala, osaganizira komanso akugwedezeka kwambiri pazithunzi.

Kodi Google imayendetsa makina osakira pamanja?

Tikamagwiritsa ntchito makina osakira, zikuwoneka kuti timangofuna zotsatira zabwino kwambiri komanso zoyenera, popanda kuunika kwina kulikonse komwe kumachokera kwa wina yemwe sakufuna kuti tiwone izi kapena izi. Tsoka ilo, momwe zimakhalira, makina osakira otchuka kwambiri, Google sagwirizana ndipo imasokoneza ma algorithms ake osakira posintha zotsatira. Chimphona chapaintaneti akuti chikugwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo zowunikira, monga mindandanda yakuda, kusintha kwa algorithm ndi gulu lankhondo la oyang'anira, kuti apange zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito wosazindikira amawona. Wall Street Journal idalemba izi mu lipoti lathunthu lomwe lidasindikizidwa mu Novembala 2019.

Akuluakulu a Google anena mobwerezabwereza m'misonkhano yachinsinsi ndi magulu akunja komanso m'malankhulidwe pamaso pa US Congress kuti ma aligorivimu ndi olunjika komanso odziyimira pawokha, osadetsedwa ndi kukondera kwa anthu kapena malingaliro abizinesi. Kampaniyo ikunena pa blog yake, "Sitigwiritsa ntchito kulowererapo kwa anthu kusonkhanitsa kapena kukonza zotsatira patsamba." Panthawi imodzimodziyo, akunena kuti sangathe kuwulula tsatanetsatane wa momwe ma algorithms amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa amalimbana ndi omwe akufuna kubera ma algorithms injini zosakira inu.

Komabe, The Wall Street Journal, mu lipoti lalitali, idafotokoza momwe Google yakhala ikusokoneza zotsatira zosaka pakapita nthawi, kuposa momwe kampaniyo ndi oyang'anira ake akulolera kuvomereza. Zochitazi, molingana ndi zofalitsa, nthawi zambiri zimayankha kukakamizidwa ndi makampani, magulu okonda zakunja ndi maboma padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka pambuyo pa zisankho za 2016 ku US.

Zofunsana zopitilira zana limodzi ndi mayeso amagazini omwewo pazotsatira zakusaka za Google zidawonetsa, mwa zina, kuti Google idasintha ma algorithmic pazotsatira zake, kukomera makampani akulu kuposa ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi imodzi idasintha m'malo mwa wotsatsa. eBay.. Inc. mosiyana ndi zonena zake, iye samachita chilichonse chotere. Kampaniyo ikuwonjezeranso mbiri ya malo ena akuluakulu.monga Amazon.com ndi Facebook. Atolankhani amanenanso kuti mainjiniya a Google nthawi zonse amapanga ma tweaks kumbuyo kwazithunzi kwina, kuphatikiza malingaliro odzipangira okha komanso nkhani. Komanso, ngakhale amakana poyera Google idzalemba blacklistzomwe zimachotsa masamba ena kapena kuwaletsa kuwonekera muzotsatira zina. Mu gawo lodziwika bwino la autocomplete lomwe limaneneratu mawu osakira (3) ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akulemba funso, akatswiri a Google adapanga ma algorithms ndi mindandanda yakuda kuti akane malingaliro pamitu yomwe anthu amakangana, ndikusefa zotsatira zingapo.

3. Google ndikusintha zotsatira zakusaka

Kuphatikiza apo, nyuzipepalayi idalemba kuti Google imalemba anthu masauzande ambiri omwe amalipidwa pang'ono omwe ntchito yawo ndikuwunika mwalamulo momwe ma algorithms amasankhidwa. Komabe, Google yapereka malingaliro kwa ogwira ntchitowa omwe amawaona kuti ndi olondola a zotsatira, ndipo asintha masanjidwe awo mothandizidwa ndi iwo. Chifukwa chake ogwira ntchitowa sadziweruza okha, chifukwa ndi ma subcontractors omwe amateteza mzere wa Google womwe udayikidwa pasadakhale.

Kwa zaka zambiri, Google yasintha kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha injiniya kupita ku chilombo chotsatsa malonda komanso imodzi mwamakampani opindulitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Otsatsa ena akulu kwambiri alandila malangizo achindunji amomwe angasinthire zotsatira zakusaka kwawo. Utumiki wamtunduwu supezeka kumakampani omwe alibe kulumikizana ndi Google, malinga ndi anthu omwe amadziwa bwino nkhaniyi. Nthawi zina, izi zikutanthauzanso kupereka akatswiri a Google kumakampaniwa. Izi ndi zomwe odziwitsa a WSJ akunena.

Muzotengera zotetezedwa

Mwina champhamvu kwambiri, kupatula nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi ya intaneti yaulere komanso yotseguka, ndikukana kulandidwa kwa deta yathu ndi Google, Facebook, Amazon ndi zimphona zina. Mbiriyi ikumenyedwa osati kutsogolo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito okha, komanso pakati pa zimphona zomwe, zomwe timalemba m'nkhani ina m'magazini ino ya MT.

Mmodzi ananena njira ndi lingaliro kuti m'malo divulging deta yanu, kusunga otetezeka nokha. Ndipo tayani momwe mungafunire. Ndipo ngakhale muwagulitse kuti inu nokha mukhale ndi chinachake choti mugulitse ndi chinsinsi chanu, m'malo molola nsanja zazikulu kupanga ndalama. Lingaliro losavuta ili (mwachikumbumtima) linakhala mbendera ya "decentralized web" (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti d-web) slogan. Mtetezi wake wotchuka kwambiri Tim Berners-Lee yemwe adapanga World Wide Web mu 1989.. Ntchito yake yatsopano yotseguka, yotchedwa Solid, yomwe idapangidwa ku MIT, ikufuna kukhala njira yopangira "njira yatsopano komanso yabwinoko pa intaneti."

Lingaliro lalikulu la intaneti yokhazikitsidwa ndikupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito zida zosungira ndikuwongolera deta yawo kuti athe kusiya kudalira mabungwe akulu. Izi sizikutanthauza ufulu wokha, komanso udindo. Kugwiritsa ntchito d-web kumatanthauza kusintha momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito intaneti kuchoka pamwambo ndi pulatifomu yoyendetsedwa kukhala yokhazikika komanso yoyendetsedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Ndikokwanira kulembetsa mu netiweki iyi pogwiritsa ntchito adilesi ya imelo, kaya mu msakatuli kapena kukhazikitsa pulogalamu pa foni yam'manja. Munthu amene adachipanga ndiye amapanga, kugawana, ndikudya zomwe zili. monga kale ndipo ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwezo (kutumizirana mameseji, imelo, zolemba / ma tweets, kugawana mafayilo, kuyimba kwamawu ndi makanema, ndi zina).

Ndiye pali kusiyana kotani? Tikapanga akaunti yathu pa netiweki iyi, ntchito yochititsa chidwi imapanga chidebe chachinsinsi, chotetezeka kwambiri kwa ife, yotchedwa "lift" (chidule cha Chingerezi cha "personal data online"). Palibe wina koma ife amene angathe kuwona zomwe zili mkati, ngakhale wopereka alendo. Chidebe chachikulu chamtambo cha wosuta chimagwirizanitsanso ndi zotengera zotetezedwa pazida zosiyanasiyana zomwe eni ake amagwiritsa ntchito. "Pod" ili ndi zida zowongolera ndikugawana chilichonse chomwe chili. Mutha kugawana, kusintha kapena kuchotsa mwayi wopeza data iliyonse nthawi iliyonse. Kulumikizana kulikonse kapena kulumikizana kumabisidwa kumapeto-kumapeto mwachisawawa.chifukwa chake wogwiritsa ntchito ndi gulu lina (kapena maphwando) amatha kuwona chilichonse (4).

4. Kuwona zotengera kapena "pods" mu Solid system

Mu netiweki yodziwika bwino iyi, munthu amadzipangira ndikuwongolera zomwe ali nazo pogwiritsa ntchito masamba odziwika bwino monga Facebook, Instagram ndi Twitter. Kuyanjana kulikonse kumatsimikiziridwa mwachinsinsi, kotero mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti gulu lililonse ndilowona. Mawu achinsinsi amatha ndipo zolowera zonse zimachitika chakumbuyo pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso za chidebe cha wosuta.. Kutsatsa pamanetiyi sikugwira ntchito mwachisawawa, koma mutha kuyiyambitsa mwakufuna kwanu. Kugwiritsa ntchito deta kulibe malire ndipo kumayendetsedwa bwino. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndiye mwiniwake wovomerezeka wa data yonse yomwe ili mu pod yake ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zonse pa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Amatha kusunga, kusintha kapena kufufuta zonse zomwe akufuna.

Netiweki ya masomphenya a Berners-Lee imatha kugwiritsa ntchito zochezera ndi mauthenga, koma osati kulumikizana pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito. Ma modules amalumikizana mwachindunji, kotero ngati tikufuna kugawana ndi wina kapena kucheza mwachinsinsi, timangochita. Komabe, ngakhale titagwiritsa ntchito Facebook kapena Twitter, maufulu omwe ali nawo amakhalabe m'chidebe chathu ndipo kugawana kumatengera zomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amaloleza. Kaya ndi meseji kwa mlongo wanu kapena tweet, kutsimikizika kulikonse kopambana m'dongosolo lino kumaperekedwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndikutsatiridwa pa blockchain. M'kanthawi kochepa kwambiri, zitsimikiziro zambiri zopambana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito, kutanthauza kuti scammers, bots, ndi zochitika zonse zoyipa zimachotsedwa bwino pamakina.

Komabe, Olimba, monga mayankho ambiri ofanana (pambuyo pa zonse, ili si lingaliro lokhalo lopatsa anthu deta yawo m'manja mwawo ndi pansi pa ulamuliro wawo), limapanga zofuna kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Izo siziri ngakhale za luso luso, koma za kumvetsamomwe njira zotumizira ndi kusinthanitsa deta zimagwirira ntchito pa intaneti yamakono. Mwa kupereka ufulu, amaperekanso udindo wonse. Ndipo ngati izi ndi zomwe anthu akufuna, palibe chitsimikizo. Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, sangadziwe zotsatira za ufulu wawo wosankha.