Crankshaft udindo kachipangizo

Sensa ya crankshaft imapereka chiwongolero kuchokera ku injini ECU ya malo a makina omwe amayendetsa ntchito ya jekeseni wamafuta. DPKV ikalephera, imapezeka mothandizidwa ndi oyesa apadera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya ohmmeter. Pakachitika kuti kukana kwapano kuli pansi pa mtengo wadzina, wowongolera adzafunika kusinthidwa.

Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo sensor ya crankshaft imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Sensa ya malo a crankshaft imatsimikizira nthawi yomwe mafuta ayenera kutumizidwa ku masilindala a injini yoyaka mkati (ICE). Mu mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, DPKV ndi udindo kulamulira yunifolomu wa kotunga mafuta ndi injectors.

Ntchito za sensa ya crankshaft ndikulembetsa ndikutumiza zotsatirazi ku kompyuta:

• kuyeza malo a crankshaft;
• pomwe ma pistoni amadutsa BDC ndi TDC m'masilinda oyamba ndi omaliza.

Sensa ya PKV imakonza zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe akubwera;
• nthawi yoperekera mafuta a petulo;
• ngodya ya camshaft;
• nthawi yoyaka moto;
• mphindi ndi nthawi ya ntchito ya vavu adsorption.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito sensor ya nthawi:

1. Crankshaft ili ndi disk yokhala ndi mano (poyambira ndi zeroing). Msonkhanowo ukazungulira, mphamvu ya maginito imalunjika ku mano kuchokera ku sensa ya PKV, kuchitapo kanthu. Zosintha zimalembedwa ngati ma pulses ndipo chidziwitsocho chimatumizidwa ku kompyuta: malo a crankshaft amayezedwa ndipo nthawi yomwe ma pistoni amadutsa pamwamba ndi pansi pakufa (TDC ndi BDC) amalembedwa.
2. Sprocket ikadutsa sensa yothamanga ya crankshaft, imasintha mtundu wowerengera. Pachifukwa ichi, ECU ikuyesera kubwezeretsa ntchito yachibadwa ya crankshaft.
3. Kutengera ma pulses omwe alandilidwa, makompyuta omwe ali pa bolodi amatumiza chizindikiro kumakina ofunikira agalimoto.

Chithunzi cha DPKV

Crankshaft sensor kapangidwe:

• aluminiyamu kapena pulasitiki ya mawonekedwe a cylindrical okhala ndi chinthu chovuta, chomwe chimatumizidwa ku kompyuta;
• chingwe cholumikizira (magnetic circuit);
• kuyendetsa galimoto;
• kusindikiza;
• kupindika;
• cholumikizira injini.

Table: mitundu ya masensa

dzina	mafotokozedwe
Magnetic sensor	Sensa imakhala ndi maginito okhazikika komanso mafunde apakati, ndipo wowongolera wamtunduwu safuna mphamvu yosiyana. Chipangizo chamagetsi chochititsa chidwi sichimangoyang'anira malo a crankshaft, komanso liwiro. Zimagwira ntchito ndi voteji yomwe imachitika pamene dzino lachitsulo (tag) likudutsa mumlengalenga. Izi zimapanga kugunda kwamphamvu komwe kumapita ku ECU.
Kuwala sensa	Sensor ya kuwala imakhala ndi wolandila ndi LED. Kulumikizana ndi disk clock, imalepheretsa kutuluka kwa kuwala pakati pa wolandira ndi LED. Wotumiza amazindikira kusokonezeka kwa kuwala. LED ikadutsa m'derali ndi mano otha, wolandirayo amakhudzidwa ndi kugunda kwake ndikuchita kuyanjanitsa ndi ECU.
Hall Sensor	Kupanga kwa sensor kumaphatikizapo: chipinda cha mabwalo ophatikizika; maginito okhazikika; chizindikiro cha disk; cholumikizira Mu Hall effect crankshaft sensor, panopa ikuyenda pamene ikuyandikira kusintha kwa maginito. Dera la gawo lamphamvu limatseguka podutsa m'malo okhala ndi mano otha ndipo chizindikirocho chimatumizidwa kugawo lowongolera injini yamagetsi. Imagwira ntchito kuchokera ku gwero lamagetsi lodziyimira palokha.

Kodi sensa ili kuti?

Malo a crankshaft position sensor: pafupi ndi disk pakati pa alternator pulley ndi flywheel. Kuti mulumikizidwe kwaulere pa netiweki yapa bolodi, chingwe chautali wa 50-70 cm chimaperekedwa, pomwe pali zolumikizira makiyi. Pali ma spacers pa chishalo kuti akhazikitse kusiyana kwa 1-1,5mm.

Zizindikiro ndi zoyambitsa malfunction

Zizindikiro za DPKV yosweka:

• injini siyamba kapena modzidzimutsa kusiya kwa kanthawi;
• palibe zoyaka;
• Kuphulika kwa ICE kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi pansi pa katundu wamphamvu;
• liwiro losakhazikika lopanda ntchito;
• mphamvu ya injini ndi mphamvu zamagalimoto zimachepetsedwa;
• pakusintha modes, kusintha modzidzimutsa kwa chiwerengero cha zosinthika kumachitika;
• fufuzani kuwala kwa injini pa dashboard.

Zizindikiro zimaloza pazifukwa zotsatirazi zomwe sensor ya PCV ikhoza kukhala yolakwika:

• dera lalifupi pakati pa makhoti okhotakhota, kupotoza kotheka kwa chizindikiro ponena za malo a pisitoni ku BDC ndi TDC;
• chingwe cholumikiza DPKV ku ECU chawonongeka - makompyuta omwe ali pa bolodi salandira chidziwitso choyenera;
• chilema cha mano (scuffs, chips, ming'alu), injini sangayambe;
• kulowetsa zinthu zakunja pakati pa pulley ya mano ndi kauntala kapena kuwonongeka pamene mukugwira ntchito mu chipinda cha injini nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa vuto la DPKV.

Mavuto ndi kuyambitsa injini

Zosiyanasiyana za zovuta za crankshaft sensor zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a injini yoyaka mkati:

1. Injini sinayambike. Kiyi yoyatsira ikatembenuka, choyambira chimatembenuza injini ndipo pampu yamafuta imanjenjemera. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti injini ECU, popanda kulandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku crankshaft udindo sensa, sangakhoze molondola kupereka lamulo: pa zonenepa kuyamba ndi kumene kutsegula nozzle.
2. Injini imatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwina ndipo imakhazikika kapena sayamba mu chisanu choopsa. Pali chifukwa chimodzi chokha - microcrack mu PKV sensa mapiringidzo.

Kusakhazikika kwa injini m'njira zosiyanasiyana

Izi zimachitika pamene DPKV yaipitsidwa, makamaka pamene tchipisi tachitsulo kapena mafuta alowa mmenemo. Ngakhale kukhudza pang'ono pa maginito microcircuit ya nthawi sensa amasintha ntchito yake, chifukwa kauntala ndi tcheru kwambiri.

Kukhalapo kwa detonation ya injini ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri ndi kulephera kwa mita, komanso microcrack mu mphepo, yomwe imapindika panthawi ya kugwedezeka, kapena kuphulika kwa nyumba, momwe chinyezi chimalowa.

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa injini:

• kuphwanya kusalala kwa njira yoyaka mafuta-mpweya osakaniza mu masilindala a injini yoyaka moto;
• kulumphira pa wolandila kapena kutulutsa mpweya;
• kulephera;
• kuchepetsa momveka bwino mphamvu ya injini.

Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya injini

Mphamvu ya injini imatsika pamene mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya sakuperekedwa panthawi yake. Chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito bwino ndi delamination ya shock absorber ndi kusamuka kwa toothed nyenyezi mogwirizana ndi pulley. Mphamvu ya injini imachepetsedwanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mafunde kapena nyumba ya mita ya crankshaft.

Momwe mungayang'anire sensor ya crankshaft nokha?

Mutha kudzifufuza nokha zaumoyo wa DPKV pogwiritsa ntchito:

• ohmmeter;
• oscillograph;
• zovuta, pogwiritsa ntchito multimeter, megohmmeter, network transformer.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa

Pamaso m'malo chipangizo kuyeza, Ndi bwinonso kuchita wathunthu kompyuta diagnostics wa injini kuyaka mkati. Ndiye kuyang'anitsitsa kwakunja kumachitika, kuchotsa kuipitsidwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina. Ndipo pambuyo pake amayamba kuzindikira ndi zipangizo zapadera.

Kuyang'ana ndi ohmmeter

Musanayambe ndi matenda, zimitsani injini ndi kuchotsa chojambulira nthawi.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pophunzira DPKV ndi ohmmeter kunyumba:

1. Ikani ohmmeter kuti muyese kukana.
2. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa throttle resistance (khudzani zoyesa zoyesa mpaka ma terminals ndikuwalizira).
3. Mtengo wovomerezeka umachokera ku 500 mpaka 700 ohms.

Kugwiritsa ntchito oscilloscope

Sensa ya malo a crankshaft imawunikidwa ndi injini ikuyenda.

Algorithm ya zochita pogwiritsa ntchito oscilloscope:

1. Lumikizani choyesa ku chowerengera nthawi.
2. Pangani pulogalamu pakompyuta yomwe imayang'anira kuwerenga kuchokera pa chipangizo chamagetsi.
3. Dulani chinthu chachitsulo kutsogolo kwa sensa ya crankshaft kangapo.
4. Multimeter ili bwino ngati oscilloscope iyankha kusuntha. Ngati palibe zizindikiro pa PC chophimba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita matenda athunthu.

Kufufuza kwathunthu

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhala:

• megohmmeter;
• network transformer;
• mita ya inductance;
• voltmeter (makamaka digito).

Zolingalira za zochita:

1. Musanayambe kujambula kwathunthu, sensa iyenera kuchotsedwa mu injini, kutsukidwa bwino, kuuma, ndiyeno kuyeza. Zimangochitika kutentha kutentha, kuti zizindikiro zikhale zolondola.
2. Choyamba, inductance ya sensa (inductive coil) imayesedwa. Miyezo yake yogwiritsira ntchito manambala iyenera kukhala pakati pa 200 ndi 400 MHz.
3. Kenako, muyenera kuyeza kukana kwa insulation pakati pa ma terminals a koyilo. Pachifukwa ichi, megohmmeter imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyika mphamvu yamagetsi ku 500 V. Ndi bwino kuchita ndondomeko yoyezera nthawi 2-3 kuti mupeze deta yolondola. Muyezo wa kukana kwa insulation uyenera kukhala osachepera 0,5 MΩ. Kupanda kutero, kulephera kwa kutchinjiriza mu koyilo kumatha kuzindikirika (kuphatikiza kuthekera kwafupipafupi pakati pa kutembenuka). Izi zikuwonetsa kulephera kwa chipangizo.
4. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito thiransifoma network, nthawi disk ndi demagnetized.

Kusaka zolakwika

Ndizomveka kukonza sensor pazowonongeka monga:

• kulowa mu PKV kuipitsidwa sensa;
• kukhalapo kwa madzi mu cholumikizira cha sensor;
• kuphulika kwa mchira wotetezera wa zingwe kapena ma harnesses a sensor;
• kusintha kwa polarity ya zingwe zolumikizira;
• palibe kugwirizana ndi kavalo;
• mawaya amfupi azizindikiro ku sensor nthaka;
• kuchepetsedwa kapena kuchulukitsidwa kwachilolezo cha sensor ndi synchronizing disk.

Table: ntchito ndi zolakwika zazing'ono

Zosasintha	Njira
Kulowa mkati mwa sensa ya PKV ndi kuipitsidwa	Ndikoyenera kupopera mbali zonse za WD wire harness unit kuti muchotse chinyezi, ndikupukuta chowongolera ndi chiguduli. Timachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi maginito a sensor: tsitsani WD pamenepo ndikutsuka maginito kuchokera ku tchipisi ndi dothi ndi chiguduli.
Kukhalapo kwa madzi mu cholumikizira cha sensor	Ngati cholumikizira cha sensa ku cholumikizira cha harness ndichabwino, chotsani cholumikizira cholumikizira kuchokera ku sensa ndikuwunika madzi mu cholumikizira cha sensor. Ngati ndi kotheka, gwedezani madzi kuchokera pazitsulo zolumikizira kachipangizo ndi pulagi. Pambuyo kuthetsa mavuto, kuyatsa poyatsira, kuyambitsa injini.
Chishango cha chingwe chosweka kapena chingwe	Kuti muwone zovuta zomwe zingatheke, chotsani sensa ndi chipika kuchokera pa chingwe cholumikizira mawaya, ndikulumikizana kolumikizidwa, yang'anani ndi ohmmeter kukhulupirika kwa mauna otchinga a chingwe chopotoka: kuchokera pa pini "3" ya soketi ya sensor mpaka. pini "19" ya socket block. Ngati ndi kotheka, Komanso fufuzani khalidwe la crimping ndi kugwirizana kwa chingwe chitetezo manja mu phukusi thupi. Pambuyo kukonza vutoli, kuyatsa poyatsira, yambani injini ndi kufufuza ngati palibe "053" DTC.
Sinthani polarity ya zingwe zolumikizira	Lumikizani sensa ndi gawo lowongolera kuchokera pama waya. Gwiritsani ntchito ohmmeter kuti muwone ngati zolumikizira zidayikidwa molakwika mu block cholumikizira cha encoder pansi pamikhalidwe iwiri. Ngati kukhudza "1" ("DPKV-") ya pulagi kachipangizo chikugwirizana ndi "49" wa chipika pulagi. Pankhaniyi, kukhudzana "2" ("DPKV +") wa cholumikizira kachipangizo chikugwirizana kukhudzana "48" wa chipika cholumikizira. Ngati ndi kotheka, yikaninso mawaya pa block sensor molingana ndi chithunzi cha wiring. Pambuyo kukonza vutoli, kuyatsa poyatsira, yambani injini ndi kufufuza ngati palibe "053" DTC.
Sensoryo siyimalumikizidwa ndi harness	Yang'anani kulumikizidwa kwa sensa ku waya wolumikizira. Ngati pulagi ya chingwe cha probe yalumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira mawaya, fufuzani kuti yalumikizidwa molondola molingana ndi chithunzi cha mawaya. Pambuyo kuthetsa mavuto, kuyatsa poyatsira, kuyambitsa injini.
Mawaya a sensa afupikitsidwa mpaka pansi	Yang'anani mosamala kukhulupirika kwa chingwe cha sensor ndi sheath yake. Chingwecho chikhoza kuonongeka ndi fani yozizira kapena mapaipi otentha otulutsa injini. Kuti muwone kupitiliza kwa mabwalo, chotsani sensa ndi unit kuchokera ku waya wolumikizira. Ndi kukhudzana kuchotsedwa, yang'anani ndi ohmmeter kugwirizana kwa mabwalo "49" ndi "48" a mawaya amawaya ndi pansi injini: kuchokera kulankhula "2" ndi "1" cha cholumikizira kachipangizo ndi mbali zitsulo injini. Konzani madera omwe awonetsedwa ngati kuli kofunikira. Pambuyo kuthetsa mavuto, kuyatsa poyatsira, kuyambitsa injini.
Kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera chilolezo chokwera cha sensor ndi disk synchronizing	Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito choyezera kuti muwone kusiyana pakati pa kumapeto kwa sensa ya crankshaft ndi kumapeto kwa dzino la disc. Kuwerengera kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 0,5 ndi 1,2 mm. Ngati chilolezo chokwera ndi chotsika kapena chokwera kuposa muyezo, chotsani sensa ndikuyang'ana nyumbayo kuti iwonongeke, yeretsani sensor ya zinyalala. Yang'anani ndi caliper kukula kwake kuchokera ku ndege ya sensa mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhope yake yovuta; ayenera kukhala mkati mwa 24 ± 0,1 mm. Sensa yomwe sikugwirizana ndi izi iyenera kusinthidwa. Ngati sensa ili bwino, mukayiyika, ikani gasket ya makulidwe oyenera pansi pa sensor flange. Onetsetsani kuti pali malo okwera okwanira pakuyika sensor. Pambuyo kuthetsa mavuto, kuyatsa poyatsira, kuyambitsa injini.

Momwe mungasinthire sensor yamalo a crankshaft?

Ma nuances ofunikira omwe ayenera kuwonedwa mukalowa m'malo mwa DPKV:

1. Pamaso disassembly m`pofunika ntchito zizindikiro zosonyeza malo bawuti wachibale kwa sensa, DPKV palokha, komanso chizindikiro cha mawaya ndi kulankhula magetsi.
2. Mukachotsa ndikuyika sensa yatsopano ya PKV, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonetsetsa kuti disk yanthawi yake ili bwino.
3. Sinthani mita ndi harness ndi firmware.

Kuti musinthe sensa ya PKV, mufunika:

• chipangizo chatsopano choyezera;
• odziyesera okha;
• cavernometer;
• nsonga 10.

Chigwirizano cha ntchito

Kuti musinthe sensa ya crankshaft ndi manja anu, muyenera:

1. Chotsani kuyatsa.
2. Chotsani mphamvu pa chipangizo chamagetsi podula chotchinga chamagetsi kuchokera kwa wowongolera.
3. Ndi wrench, masulani screw kukonza sensa, chotsani DPKV yolakwika.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito chiguduli kuyeretsa malo otsetsereka pochotsa mafuta ambiri ndi dothi.
5. Ikani makina opimitsira atsopano pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zakale.
6. Chitani miyeso yowongolera ya kusiyana pakati pa mano a alternator drive pulley ndi sensor core pogwiritsa ntchito vernier caliper. Danga liyenera kufanana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi: 1,0 + 0,41 mm. Ngati kusiyana kuli kochepa (kwakukulu) kuposa mtengo wotchulidwa panthawi yoyezera, malo a sensa ayenera kukonzedwa.
7. Onani kukana kwa sensa ya crankshaft podziyesa nokha. Kwa sensa yogwira ntchito, iyenera kukhala pakati pa 550 mpaka 750 ohms.
8. Bwezeraninso kompyuta yapaulendo kuti muzimitse chizindikiro cha Check Engine.
9. Lumikizani cholumikizira cha crankshaft ku mains (cholumikizira chayikidwa pa izi).
10. Yang'anani momwe chida chamagetsi chimagwirira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana: popuma komanso pansi pa katundu wamphamvu.