Kodi kuphwanya injini kumatanthauza chiyani komanso momwe angachitire molondola

Pofuna kuchepetsa galimotoyo, ili ndi mabuleki ogwira ntchito komanso oyimitsa magalimoto. Koma mphamvu zawo ndi zochepa, choncho nthawi zina ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo la unit lalikulu ndi lalikulu ngati injini, amene sangathe imathandizira galimoto ndi kukhalabe liwiro. Njira yamasankhidwe owonjezera mphamvu ya kinetic ndi mota kudzera pamapatsira amatchedwa injini braking.

Chifukwa chiyani galimoto imatsika pang'onopang'ono pamene injini ikuphulika

Pamene dalaivala akutulutsa throttle, injini amapita mokakamizidwa idle mode. Idling - chifukwa nthawi yomweyo sichitumiza mphamvu ya mafuta oyaka ku katundu, koma imatchedwa kukakamizidwa chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa crankshaft kuchokera kumbali ya mawilo, osati mosemphanitsa.

Ngati mutsegula kugwirizana pakati pa kufalitsa ndi injini, mwachitsanzo, mwa kusokoneza clutch kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zida zopanda ndale, ndiye kuti injiniyo imakhala yothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa imakhala yogwirizana ndi mapangidwe ake.

Koma pamene mabuleki, kugwirizana kumakhalabe, kotero shaft athandizira wa gearbox amakonda kupota injini, ntchito mphamvu zosungidwa ndi unyinji wa galimoto yosuntha.

Mphamvu mu injini panthawi yokakamiza imathera pa kukangana mu makina, koma gawo ili ndi laling'ono, mfundozo zimakonzedwa kuti zichepetse kuwonongeka. Gawo lalikulu limapita ku zomwe zimatchedwa kutaya kutaya. Mpweyawo umapanikizidwa m'masilinda, kutenthedwa, kenako ndikukulitsidwa panthawi ya pisitoni.

Gawo lalikulu la mphamvu limatayika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha, makamaka ngati pali zopinga panjira yoyenda. Kwa ma ICE amafuta, iyi ndi valavu yopumira, ndipo pamainjini a dizilo, makamaka magalimoto amphamvu, amayika mabuleki owonjezera amapiri ngati chotsitsa chotsitsa potuluka.

Kutayika kwa mphamvu, motero kutsika, kumakhala kokulirapo, kumapangitsanso kuthamanga kwa kuzungulira kwa crankshaft. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse kuthamanga, ndikofunikira kusintha motsatizana kupita ku magiya otsika, mpaka woyamba, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mabuleki. Sadzatenthedwa, liwiro latsika, ndipo mphamvu zimatengera lalikulu lake.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira

Ubwino wa braking injini ndi waukulu kwambiri kotero kuti uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka pamtunda wautali:

• ngati mphamvu yochuluka yomwe injini imatha kutenga imaperekedwa mu mabuleki a utumiki, ndiye kuti idzawotcha kwambiri ndikulephera, koma izi sizidzavulaza galimoto mwa njira iliyonse;
• ngati kulephera kwa dongosolo lalikulu la braking, kutsika mothandizidwa ndi injini kudzakhala njira yokhayo yopulumutsira galimoto, okwera ndi chilichonse chomwe chimalowa pagalimoto yolakwika;
• m'mapiri mulibe njira zina zotsikira bwino, mabuleki omwe amatha kupirira mikhalidwe yamapiri samayikidwa pagalimoto za anthu wamba;
• pa injini braking, mawilo kupitiriza azungulire, ndiye kuti, iwo satsekereza, ndipo galimoto ali ndi mphamvu kuyankha chiwongolero, kupatula pa poterera kwambiri pamwamba, pamene matayala kulephera kukhudzana ngakhale ndi deceleration pang'ono. ;
• ndi kumbuyo kapena magudumu onse, galimotoyo imakhazikika ndi chotsitsa chotsitsa;
• gwero la zimbale ndi ziyangoyango zasungidwa.

Osati popanda kuipa:

• mphamvu ya deceleration ndi yaing'ono, muyenera kumvetsa kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu ndi mphamvu, injini akhoza kutenga mphamvu zambiri, koma osati mu nthawi yochepa, apa dongosolo braking ndi wamphamvu kwambiri;
• deceleration ndizovuta kuyendetsa, dalaivala ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi luso, ndipo mitundu yotumizira yokha imaphatikizapo ma aligorivimu osintha;
• si magalimoto onse omwe amaphunzitsidwa kuyatsa magetsi a brake ndi mtundu uwu wa braking;
• poyendetsa gudumu lakutsogolo, kubowoleza mwadzidzidzi kumatha kusokoneza galimoto ndikuitumiza ku skid.

Tikhoza kulankhula za ubwino ndi kuipa kokha ponena za chidziwitso, kwenikweni, ulamuliro ndi wofunikira, popanda kukula kwa galimotoyo kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.

Momwe mungaswekere bwino

Magalimoto amasiku ano amatha kuchita okha, muyenera kungotulutsa pedal accelerator. Koma ngakhale mu nkhani iyi, muyenera kumvetsa zimene zikuchitika ndi mmene kuonjezera zotsatira.

Mawotchi gearbox

Pa "Mechanics" ndikofunikira kudziwa njira yosinthira mwachangu magiya otsika muzovuta kwambiri. The ntchito deceleration wa injini pa otsika kwambiri zimatheka ndi basi kusintha mumalowedwe mwachizolowezi. Koma ngati mukufunika kuchepetsa mofulumira pamene mabuleki akulephera kapena pamene sangathe kupirira, zimakhala zovuta kuti musinthe mu gear yoyenera.

Bokosi lolumikizidwa limatha kufananiza kuthamanga kwa magiya mukamachita. Koma mkati mwa malire ochepa, mphamvu ya synchronizers ndi yaying'ono. Galimoto yomwe ikupita patsogolo mwachangu imazungulira mabokosi, ndipo kuthamanga kwa crankshaft kumakhala kotsika.

Pakuchita zinthu modzidzimutsa, ndikofunikira kusuntha chowongolera panthawi yomwe injini ikuyenda pa liwiro lomwe likugwirizana ndi liwiro lomwe lilipo mu giya yosankhidwa.

Kuti akwaniritse izi, dalaivala wodziwa bwino amatha kutulutsa pawiri clutch ndi regassing. Zida zamakono zimazimitsidwa, pambuyo pake, mwa kukanikiza gasi mwamsanga, injini imazungulira, clutch imazimitsidwa ndipo lever imasunthidwa kumalo omwe akufuna.

Pambuyo pa maphunziro, phwando ikuchitika basi ndi zothandiza kwambiri ngakhale ntchito nthawi zonse, kupulumutsa gwero la gearbox, kumene synchronizers nthawizonse mfundo ofooka, ndipo tsiku lina akhoza kupulumutsa galimoto, thanzi, ndipo mwina moyo. Mu masewera, ambiri, palibe chochita popanda izi pa kufala kwa Buku.

Kutumiza kwachangu

Makina a automatic hydraulic tsopano ali ndi zida zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi. Iwo amatha kuzindikira kufunika kwa injini braking ndi kuchita zonse tafotokozazi paokha. Zambiri zimadalira bokosilo, zomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Ena amafunikira thandizo m'njira zambiri:

• kuyatsa masewera mode;
• sinthani ku chiwongolero chamanja, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chosankha kapena zopalasa pansi pa chiwongolero;
• gwiritsani ntchito malo osankhidwa okhala ndi zida zochepa, zimitsani magiya opitilira muyeso kapena apamwamba.

Mulimonsemo, musagwiritse ntchito ndale pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto. Zolakwa zazikulu makamaka ngati kubweza kapena kuyimitsa magalimoto.

CVT

Malinga ndi ma aligorivimu opareshoni, chosinthiracho sichimasiyana ndi bokosi lakale la hydromechanical. Okonza samalemetsa mwiniwake ndi kufunikira kodziwa momwe kusintha kwa gear kumapangidwira mu makina.

Chifukwa chake, mwina simungadziwe kuti ndi mtundu wanji wamtundu wamagetsi womwe umayikidwa pagalimoto iyi, njira zonse zimachitidwa chimodzimodzi.

Robot

Ndichizoloŵezi chotcha robot bokosi la makina ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndiko kuti, anakonza kuti mwini wake ntchito kufala chimodzimodzi monga pa makina ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri pali mode Buku kusintha, amene ndi ofunika kugwiritsa ntchito ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa injini.

Ngakhale ndi mwayi wowonjezera, popeza palibe clutch pedal, ndipo loboti yabwino imaphunzitsidwa kuti ikhazikitsenso gasi palokha. Mutha kuyang'anitsitsa pa liwiro la Formula 1, pomwe dalaivala amangoponya magiya ofunikira asanatembenuke ndi petal pansi pa chiwongolero.