Dongosolo sump kondomu

Makina oyaka amkati amkati amafunika kondomu yabwino. Izi zimafunikira chifukwa chogwira ntchito pafupipafupi kwa zida zamagetsi pochulukitsa kupsinjika kwamakina (mwachitsanzo, pomwe injini ikuyenda, crankshaft imazungulira mosalekeza, ndipo ma pistoni omwe ali m'ma spinders amabwereranso). Kuti ziwalo zomwe zikupukutirana sizikutha, zimafunika kuthiridwa mafuta. Mafuta a injini amapanga filimu yoteteza, kuti malowa asalumikizane (kuti mumve zambiri za mafuta amafuta ndi momwe mungasankhire yoyenera pamakina oyaka mkati mwa galimoto yanu, werengani payokha).

Ngakhale kukhalapo kwa filimu yamafuta yomwe imalepheretsa kukangana kwamphamvu kwa injini, kuvala kumapangidwabe. Zotsatira zake, tinthu tating'ono tazitsulo timawonekera. Ngati azikhala pamwamba pagawolo, zopanga zake zidzawonjezeka, ndipo woyendetsa galimoto amayenera kuyikapo galimotoyo kuti iwonjeze. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale mafuta okwanira okwanira sump, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zida zonse zamagetsi zimadzazira kwambiri. Zinyalazi zimaponyedwa mu sump ndikukhalamo mpaka zitachotsedwa ndikutsuka kapena kuzitaya mutachotsa.

Kuphatikiza pa mafuta ake, mafuta amathandiziranso kuzirala kwina. Popeza pali mafuta oyatsa osakanikirana ndimitengo, magawo onse a chipindacho amakhala ndi nkhawa yayikulu (kutentha kwa sing'anga kumakwera mpaka madigiri 1000 kapena kupitilira apo). Chipangizo cha injini chimaphatikizapo magawo ambiri omwe amafunikira kuziziritsa, koma chifukwa chakuti alibe chochita ndi dongosolo lozizira, amavutika chifukwa chosowa kutentha. Zitsanzo za magawo amenewa ndi ma pistoni omwe, ndodo zolumikizira, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuti magawowa aziziziritsa komanso kuti azipaka mafuta okwanira, galimoto ili ndi makina oyatsira mafuta. Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe kakale, kamene kinafotokozedwa kubwereza kwina, Palinso mtundu wina wouma.

Ganizirani momwe sump youma imasiyanirana ndi sump yonyowa, momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito, komanso zabwino ndi zoyipa zake.

Kodi mafuta sump owuma ndi chiyani?

Kaya kusinthidwa kwa dongosolo kondomu, mfundo ntchito ndi chimodzimodzi kwa iwo. Mpope umayamwa mafuta kuchokera mosungira ndipo, mokakamizidwa, umawadyetsa kudzera mumizere yamafuta kupita kuzinthu zilizonse za injini. Mbali zina zimalumikizana pafupipafupi ndi mafuta, zina zimathiriridwa kwambiri ndi nkhungu yamafuta yopangidwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito mosasunthika (kuti mumve zambiri momwe imagwirira ntchito, werengani apa).

M'dongosolo lapamwamba, mafuta amadzimadzi amalowa mwachilengedwe mu sump pomwe pampu yamafuta amapezeka. Zimatsimikizira kuyenda kwa mafuta kudzera munjira zoyenera. Mtundu uwu umatchedwa sump yonyowa. Analogi owuma amatanthauza dongosolo lofananira, koma ali ndi mosungira mosiyana (si pamalo otsika kwambiri a unit, koma ndiwokwera), momwe mpope waukulu umapopera mafuta, ndi mpope wowonjezera wamafuta. Pampu yachiwiri imafunika kupopera mafuta m'malo opangira injini.

M'machitidwe otere, mafuta ena amadzimadzi amakhalanso mgulu. Ndiwouma pang'ono. Kungoti pakadali pano, mphalapayo sigwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira mafuta onse. Pali malo ena osungira izi.

Ngakhale kuti kachitidwe kake kokometsera kakale katsimikizira kuti katsika mtengo ndikukhala kodalirika kogwira ntchito, sikungakhale kopanda zovuta zake. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi mphasa wosweka pomwe galimoto idagunda pamsewu ndikumenya mwala wakuthwa. Ganizirani munthawi zina momwe sump yowuma imathandizira.

Kodi sump system yowuma imagwiritsidwa ntchito yanji?

Nthawi zambiri, galimoto yamasewera, gulu lina lazida zapadera ndi ma SUV ena amakhala ndi makina ofanana ndi mafuta. Ngati tikulankhula za ma SUV, ndiye kuti ndizomveka chifukwa chake thanki yamafuta yamafuta oyaka mkati siyipezeka pagalimoto. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri popita paulendo, pomwe dalaivala samawona miyala yakuthwa pansi pamadzi kapena polimbana ndi malo ovuta ndi msewu wamiyala.

Nanga bwanji magalimoto amasewera? Chifukwa chiyani galimoto yamasewera imafunikira sump youma ngati imangoyenda pamwamba penipeni mosabisa? M'malo mwake, kuthamanga kwambiri, ngakhale kusintha pang'ono panjira kungakhale kodzaza ndi kuphulika kochuluka kuchokera pansi pagalimoto chifukwa chanyumba yomamatira pamsewu. Dalaivala akaponda mabuleki mwamphamvu asanalowe mpata, galimoto imatsamira patsogolo, zomwe zimachepetsa malo okhala bwino kwambiri.

Koma ngakhale izi sizofunikira kwambiri pagalimoto yamasewera. Pamene crankshaft ikugwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri, pamapangidwe apamwamba amtundu wamafuta, mafuta ambiri amaponyedwa mu nkhungu yamafuta ndikuperekedwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi. Mwachilengedwe, mulingo wamafuta osungira mosamala umachepa kwambiri.

Mumikhalidwe yabwinobwino, pampu yamafuta imatha kutulutsa mafuta ndikupanga zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makina. Komabe, masewera othamanga nthawi zonse amakhala ogwirizana ndi kuti mafuta omwe amakhalabe mu sump amawaza chifukwa cha magudumu anthawi zonse agalimoto. Mwanjira imeneyi, mpope sungagwire bwino ntchito ndipo suyamwa madzi okwanira.

Chifukwa chophatikizira zonsezi, injini imatha kufa ndi njala yamafuta. Popeza magawo osunthira mwachangu samalandira mafuta oyenera, kanema woteteza pa iwo amachotsedwa mwachangu, ndikupangitsa kukangana kowuma. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina sizimalandira kuziziritsa kokwanira. Zonsezi zimachepetsa kwambiri moyo wogwira ntchito yoyaka mkati.

Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto onsewa, akatswiriwa anayamba kupanga sump. Monga tanenera kale, kapangidwe kake ndi kosiyana ndi mtundu wanthawi zonse.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi chipangizocho "sump youma"

Mafuta a mafuta opangira mafuta pamakina oterewa amakhala mosungira, pomwe amapopera ndi pampu yopanikizira. Kutengera ndi chipangizocho, mafutawa amatha kulowa mu radiator yozizira kapena kulowa mgalimotoyo kudzera mumayendedwe opangira izi.

Gawolo likakwaniritsa ntchito yake (lafewetsa ziwalozo, kutsuka fumbi lachitsulo kuchokera kwa iwo, ngati lapanga, ndikuchotsa kutentha), limasonkhanitsidwa poto poyang'aniridwa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Kuchokera pamenepo, madziwo amalowetsedwa mpope wina ndikulowetsa mosungira. Pofuna kupewa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatsuka mu sump kuti tisabwererenso mu injini, panthawiyi amasungidwa mu fyuluta yamafuta. Mukusintha kwina, mafuta amapita mu radiator, momwe imakhazikika, monga zoletsa kuwuma mu CO.

Pakadali pano, kuzungulira kutsekedwa. Kutengera kapangidwe ka dongosololi, pakhoza kukhala ma module angapo okoka, omwe amathamangitsa kusonkhanitsa mafuta mu thanki. Pofuna kukhazikitsa bata, magalimoto ambiri owuma ali ndi zida zowonjezera. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mafuta opangira mafuta amagwirira ntchito, ndipo chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yanji.

Injini youma sump dongosolo

M'magalimoto amakono, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosiyanasiyana kwa mafuta oyuma sump angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mosasamala kanthu, zinthu zawo zazikulu ndi izi:

• Gombe lowonjezera la mafuta;
• Pampu yomwe imapanga mutu pamzere;
• Pampu yomwe imatulutsa mafuta pachitsa chake (chimodzimodzi ndi mtundu wachikale mu sump yonyowa);
• Redieta yomwe mafuta amadutsa, ikuyenda kuchokera ku sump kupita ku thanki;
• Matenthedwe sensa kwa lubricant;
• Chojambulira chomwe chimalemba kuthamanga kwamafuta m'dongosolo;
• Imodzi;
• Fyuluta yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina akale;
• Kuchepetsa ndi kulambalala valavu (kutengera mtundu wa mawonekedwe, kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kusiyanasiyana).

Mosungira mafuta owonjezera akhoza kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Izi zonse zimadalira momwe chipinda chama injini chimapangidwira mu mtundu wina wamagalimoto. Matanki ambiri amakhala ndi zotchingira zingapo mkati. Amafunika kutontholetsa mafutawo pamene galimoto ikuyenda, ndipo sichituluka thovu.

Pogwira ntchito, pampu yamafuta, komanso mafutawa, amapumira pang'ono mlengalenga. Pofuna kupewa kupsinjika pamzerewu, pali potulutsa mu thankiyo yomwe ili ndi cholinga chofanana ndi chotengera cha crankcase.

Ilinso ndi sensa yotentha komanso makina opanikizika pamzerewu. Kuti woyendetsa azindikire kusowa kwa mafuta munthawi yake, pali chidutswa cha thanki chomwe amayang'ana mulingo wa thankiyo.

Ubwino wa posungira wowonjezera ndikuti wopanga makina amatha kukonza chipinda chama injini mwanjira yake. Izi zimalola kulemera kwa njira zonse kuti zigawidwe kuti zithandizire kuyendetsa magalimoto agalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, thankiyo imatha kukhazikika mgalimoto kuti mafuta azilowetsedwa poyendetsa, ndipo kuziziritsa kwina kumaperekedwa.

Pampu yobweretsera mafuta nthawi zambiri imapezeka pansi pamunsi pa thankiyo yamafuta. Njira yokhazikitsira iyi imapangitsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yosavuta, popeza sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kutulutsa madziwo - amalowa mchimbudzi chake mwamphamvu yokoka. Valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika ndi valavu yolambalala ikufunika m'dongosolo kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwamafuta.

Udindo wa pampu yothamangitsira ndi ofanana ndi makina omwewo omwe amaikidwa pamakina aliwonse oyatsira mafuta oyenda mkati mwa 4 (pazosiyana pakati pa injini za sitiroko zinayi ndi sitiroko ziwiri, werengani apa). Pali kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa owomberako, ndipo m'mapangidwe awo amasiyana ndi mapampu omwe adaikirako thanki yowonjezera yamafuta.

Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, pakhoza kukhala ma module angapo opopera. Mwachitsanzo, mu chipinda chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a V a cholembera, pampu yayikulu imakhala ndi malo ena omwe amatolera mafuta omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera njira yogawa gasi... Ndipo ngati injini ili ndi turbocharger, ndiye kuti gawo lina lopopera lidzayikidwanso pafupi nayo.

Kukonzekera kumeneku kumathandizira kuti mafuta azikundika mosungira. Ngati ikanathera mwachilengedwe, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti gawo losungika lingakhale lotsika kwambiri ndipo injini silingalandire mafuta okwanira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu operekera ndi kutulutsa kumalumikizidwa ndi crankshaft. Pamene ikuzungulira, owomberanso amagwiranso ntchito. Pali, koma osakwanira, zosintha zomwe zimagwira kuchokera ku camshaft. Makokedwe kuchokera pamakona mpaka pampope amatha kudzera mu lamba kapena tcheni.

Pakapangidwe kameneka, ndizotheka kuyika kuchuluka kwa magawo owonjezera omwe agwire kuchokera ku shaft imodzi. Ubwino wamakonzedwewa ndikuti pakawonongeka, mpope ukhoza kuchotsedwa pamoto popanda kusokoneza kapangidwe ka unityo.

Ngakhale mpope wokhetsa uli ndi njira yofananira yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kapangidwe kofanana ndi mnzake wamphutsi, idasinthidwa kuti magwiridwe ake asatayike, ngakhale poyamwa mafuta opopera kapena pang'ono mpweya.

Chotsatira chomwe sichipezeka pamakina onyowa ndi radiator. Ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi ya kutentha kwa kutentha kwa dongosolo lozizira. Ilinso ndi kapangidwe kofananira. Werengani zambiri za izi. kubwereza kwina... Kwenikweni, imayikidwa pakati pa jekeseni wamafuta a jakisoni ndi injini yoyaka mkati, koma palinso zosankha pakati pa pampu wopulumutsira ndi thankiyo.

Thermostat m'dongosolo lamafuta imafunika kuti iteteze kuti isazizire msanga pamene injini ikutentha. Njira yozizira ili ndi mfundo yofananira, yomwe inafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. apa... Mwachidule, pomwe injini yoyaka yamkati ikuwotha (makamaka nthawi yozizira), mafuta omwe ali mkati mwake ndi ochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, safunika kuti uzizizilitsidwe kuti ziziyenda bwino ndikukonzanso kachitidwe kazinthu.

Makina ogwira ntchito akangofika kutentha komwe mukufuna (mutha kudziwa momwe kutentha kwa injini kuyenera kukhalira kuchokera munkhani ina), thermostat imatsegula ndipo mafuta amayenda kudzera mu radiator kuti iziziziritsa. Izi zimatsimikizira kutaya bwino kwa kutentha kuchokera kumalo otentha omwe sakukumana ndi jekete lozizira la mota.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kouma sump system

Ubwino woyamba wama sump owuma ndikupereka mafuta okhazikika, mosasamala momwe akuyendetsa galimotoyo. Ngakhale galimoto itapambana kukwera kwakutali, galimotoyi sikhala ndi njala yamafuta. Popeza poyendetsa kwambiri kumakhala kotheka kuti mota izitha kutenthedwa, kusinthaku kumapereka kuziziritsa kwabwino kwa chipindacho. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ICE yokhala ndi chopangira mphamvu (kuti mumve zambiri za chipangizochi ndi momwe ntchitoyi imagwirira ntchito, werengani payokha).

Chifukwa chakuti mafuta sanasungidwe mu sump, koma mosungira mosiyana, mapangidwe a wolandila mafuta ndi ocheperako, chifukwa chomwe opanga amakwanitsa kuchepetsa chilolezo cha galimoto yamasewera. Pansi pa magalimoto otere nthawi zambiri amakhala mosalala, omwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyendetsa bwino poyenda (zomwe zimakhudza izi zikufotokozedwa apa).

Ngati sump ikuboola panthawi yoyenda, mafuta sadzatulukamo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kondomu yoyambira. Izi zimapindulitsa pakakonzedwa mwadzidzidzi pamsewu, makamaka ngati SUV yawonongeka chotere kutali kwambiri ndi malo ogulitsira magalimoto apafupi.

Kuphatikiza kwina kwa sump youma ndikuti zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yamagetsiyo ikhale yosavuta. Chifukwa chake, galimoto ikakhala ikuzizira kwanthawi yayitali, mafuta omwe ali mu thankiyo amakula. Pakadali pano kuyambitsa gawo lamagetsi lokhala ndi mawonekedwe achizolowezi, crankshaft iyenera kuthana ndi kulimbikira kwamphamvu pazitsulo zamagetsi (injini ikamayendetsa, gululi limathandizidwa pang'ono ndi mphamvu ya inertia), komanso kukana kwa mafuta akuda (crankshaft mu nkhani iyi ndi kusamba kwamafuta). Sump youma, vuto limathetsedwa, chifukwa mafuta onse amakhala osiyana ndi crankshaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini iyambe msanga.

Pakati pa kasinthasintha, crankshaft sikugwira ntchito pamakina amtundu wamafuta ngati chosakanizira. Chifukwa cha ichi, mafuta sachita thovu ndipo sataya kachulukidwe kake. Izi zimapereka kanema wabwinoko pamalumikizidwe azigawo zazigawo.

Mu sump youma, mafuta samakhudzana kwenikweni ndi mpweya wa crankcase. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuchepa kwa zochita za oxidative kwachepetsedwa, komwe kumawonjezera gwero la chinthucho. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tilibe nthawi yothetsera poto wamafuta, koma nthawi yomweyo timachotsedwa mu fyuluta.

Popeza mapampu amafuta m'makina ambiri amasinthidwa kunja kwa chipangizocho, zikawonongeka, palibe chifukwa chotsitsira injini yoyaka mkati kuti ichitike njira zofunikira. Izi zimatithandizanso kunena kuti chipangizochi chokhala ndi crankcase chowuma ndichodalirika komanso chothandiza poyerekeza ndi analogue yakale.

Ngakhale pali zinthu zingapo zabwino, sump system yowuma ili ndi zovuta zingapo. Nazi izi zazikulu:

• Choyamba, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa njira zina ndi zina, kukonza dongosolo kudzakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri. Nthawi zina, zovuta zakukonzanso zimakhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi (pali mitundu yomwe mafutawo amayang'aniridwa ndi wolamulira wina).
• Kachiwiri, poyerekeza ndi dongosolo lakale, kusinthaku kumafunikira mafuta ochulukirapo pamoto wokhala ndi voliyumu yofanana ndi kapangidwe kake. Izi ndichifukwa chakupezeka kwa njira zina ndi zinthu zina, zomwe ndizowonjezera kwambiri rediyeta. Zomwezi zimakhudzanso kulemera kwa galimotoyo.
• Chachitatu, mtengo wamagalimoto owuma ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa mnzake wakale.

M'magalimoto opanga wamba, kugwiritsa ntchito sump system sikuyenera. Magalimoto otere sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale atakhala ovuta kwambiri, momwe kuthekera kwakukula koteroko kumatha kuyesedwa. Ndioyenera kwambiri pamayendedwe othamanga magalimoto, mipikisano yoyenda ngati NASCAR ndi mitundu ina ya motorsport. Ngati pali chikhumbo chofuna kusintha pang'ono mawonekedwe amgalimoto yanu, ndiye kuti kuyika sump youma sikungakupatseni chidwi popanda kusintha kwamasiku ano chifukwa cha zovuta kuchita. Poterepa, mutha kudziletsa kuti muchepetse kukonza kwa chip, koma uwu ndi mutu ya nkhani ina.

Kuphatikiza apo, kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mutu wodziyimira pawokha, tikupempha kuti tiwonere kanemayu, yemwe amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za sump system yowuma komanso zina zanzeru zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa kwake:

Youma Carter! Chifukwa chiyani, bwanji, ndipo chifukwa chiyani?

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi dry sump imatanthauza chiyani? Uwu ndi mtundu wa makina opangira mafuta a injini omwe ali ndi chosungira chapadera chomwe chimasunga mafuta a injini. Magalimoto ambiri amakono amakhala ndi wet sump system.

Kodi dry sump ndi chiyani? Dry sump system imapangidwira makamaka magalimoto omwe amayenda pang'onopang'ono. M'dongosolo loterolo, injini nthawi zonse imalandira mafuta oyenera a magawo.

Kodi mapangidwe a dry sump lubrication system ndi chiyani? Mu sump youma, mafuta amayenda mu sump, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo mpope wamafuta umayamwa ndikuupopera m'malo osungiramo ena. M'machitidwe oterowo, nthawi zonse pamakhala mapampu awiri amafuta.

Kodi mafuta a injini amagwira ntchito bwanji? M'makina oterowo, injini imayikidwa m'njira yachikale - mafuta amapopedwa kudzera m'njira kupita kumadera onse. Mu sump youma, kuwonongeka kwa sump kumatha kukonzedwa popanda kutaya mafuta onse.