Kodi dongosolo la VANOS lochokera ku BMW ndi chiyani, limagwira ntchito bwanji

Dongosolo la VANOS (Variable Nockenwellen Steuerung) ndi gawo lofunikira la injini zamakono za BMW, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuchepetsa kwambiri utsi, kuchepetsa kuwononga mafuta, kuwonjezera ma torque a injini pama revs otsika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yayikulu pamayendedwe apamwamba. Dongosololi lidzalola kuti injiniyo iziyenda mokhazikika momwe ingathere osagwira ntchito, ngakhale pakutentha kotsika.

Kodi Vanos system ndi chiyani

Variable Nockenwellen Steuerung ndi Chijeremani chowongolera ma injini a camshafts. Dongosololi linapangidwa ndi mainjiniya a BMW. VANOS kwenikweni ndi njira yosinthira ma valve. chodabwitsa chake chagona chakuti amatha kusintha malo a camshafts wachibale crankshaft. Chifukwa chake, magawo a njira yogawa gasi (GRM) amayendetsedwa. Kusintha uku kumatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku 6 madigiri patsogolo mpaka madigiri 6 otsalira kuchokera pamwamba pakufa.

Chipangizo ndi zinthu zazikulu za Vanos

Dongosolo la VANOS lili pakati pa camshaft ndi zida zoyendetsa. Mapangidwe ake ndi osavuta. Gawo lalikulu la dongosololi ndi ma pistoni omwe amasintha malo a camshafts, motero amasintha nthawi ya valve. Ma pistoniwa amalumikizana ndi magiya a camshaft kudzera pa shaft ya mano yomwe imalumikizana ndi pisitoni. Ma pistoni awa amayendetsedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mafuta.

Chipangizocho chimaphatikizapo valavu yapadera ya solenoid, yomwe ntchito yake imayendetsedwa ndi magetsi olamulira (ECU). Zambiri kuchokera ku masensa a camshaft zimatengedwa ngati zolowera. Sensa iyi imatsimikizira momwe ma shafts ali pano. Deta yolandilidwayo imatumizidwa ku ECU kuti ifananize mtengo womwe wapezeka ndi ngodya yoperekedwa.

Chifukwa cha kusintha kumeneku pa malo a camshafts, nthawi ya valve imasintha. Chotsatira chake, ma valve amatsegula pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe ayenera, kapena mochedwa pang'ono kusiyana ndi malo oyambirira a shafts.

Momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito

BMW pakadali pano ikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachinayi wa VANOS (variable camshaft control) mumainjini ake. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'badwo woyamba wa teknolojiyi unkatchedwa Single VANOS. Mmenemo, camshaft yokhayo imayendetsedwa, ndipo magawo otulutsa mpweya adasinthidwa masitepe (mwachisawawa).

Chofunika kwambiri cha kachitidwe kameneka chinali motere. Malo a camshaft yolowera adakonzedwa kutengera deta kuchokera ku injini yothamanga sensa ndi malo a accelerator pedal. Ngati katundu wopepuka (otsika RPM) adagwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini, ma valve olowetsa anayamba kutseguka pambuyo pake, zomwe zimapangitsa injiniyo kuyenda bwino.

Kutsegula koyambirira kwa ma valve olowera pa liwiro lapakati pa injini kumawonjezera torque ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwa gasi muchipinda choyaka, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kutulutsa konse. Pakuthamanga kwa injini, ma valve olowetsa amatsegula pambuyo pake, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu zambiri. Mu mphindi zoyamba mutangoyamba injini, makinawo amatsegula njira yapadera, chinthu chachikulu chomwe ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yotentha.

Tsopano otchedwa Double Vanos (Double Vanos) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi "Single" dongosolo, kawiri amayendetsa ntchito ya camshafts kudya ndi kutulutsa mpweya ndipo kulamulira kwawo kumakhala kosavuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina osinthidwa, zinali zotheka kukulitsa kwambiri ma torque ndi mphamvu ya injini pamtundu wonse wa rev. Kuonjezera apo, malinga ndi ndondomeko ya BiVanos, gawo laling'ono la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya likhoza kuwotchedwanso mu chipinda choyaka moto, chomwe, motero, chimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa chilengedwe cha injini.

Tsopano magalimoto onse a mtundu German ntchito m'badwo wachinayi Vanos dongosolo. Chofunikira chachikulu chamtunduwu ndikuti chimagwiritsa ntchito magiya a Vanos potengera komanso kutulutsa ma camshafts. Akatswiri a BMW apanga makinawo kukhala ophatikizika kwambiri: tsopano chowongolera chonse chili m'malo opangira nthawi. Chabwino, nthawi zambiri, m'badwo wachinayi wa dongosololi ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi Single Vanos.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Vanos

Ndi maubwino awo onse osatsutsika: ma torque apamwamba a injini pamayendedwe otsika, kukhazikika kwa injini popanda ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe, machitidwe a VANOS alinso ndi zovuta. Iye si wodalirika mokwanira.

Zovuta zazikulu za Vanos

• Kuwonongeka kwa mphete zosindikizira. Awa ndi mphete za pistoni zamafuta zomwe zimawongolera malo a camshafts. Chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri: kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovulaza zomwe zimalowa mu rabara (zinthu zomwe mphete zimapangidwira), pamapeto pake zimayamba kutaya mphamvu zake zotanuka ndikusweka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kumangika mkati mwa makinawo kumatha.
• Makina ochapira otha ndi ma bearings. Mapangidwe a pistoni amafuta amaphatikizapo zonyamula zitsulo ndi ma washers. Patapita nthawi, amayamba kupunduka, chifukwa poyamba amakhala ndi chitetezo chochepa. Kuti mudziwe ngati chotengera (kapena washer) chiyenera kusinthidwa mu dongosolo la VANOS, muyenera kumvetsera momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito. Ngati chonyamula kapena chochapira chavala, phokoso losasangalatsa, lachitsulo limamveka.
• Chips ndi dothi pa flanges ndi pistoni. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa mapindikidwe azitsulo. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa choyendetsa mwankhanza, mafuta / mafuta otsika, komanso mtunda wautali. Manotch ndi zokopa zimawonekera pamwamba pa ma pistoni amafuta kapena ma camshaft amafuta. Zotsatira zake ndikutha kwa mphamvu / torque, kusakhazikika kwa injini.

Ngati injini yamagalimoto iyamba kugwedezeka popanda ntchito, mumawona kuthamanga kofooka pamtundu wonse wa rev, pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwamafuta, phokoso lamphamvu pakugwira ntchito kwa injini, mwina VANOS imafunikira chidwi mwachangu. Mavuto oyambitsa injini, ma spark plugs ndi mabampu ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kwadongosolo.

Ngakhale kusadalirika, chitukuko cha akatswiri Bavarian ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito VANOS, kuyendetsa bwino kwa injini, chuma ndi kugwirizanitsa zachilengedwe zimatheka. Vanos nawonso amasalaza mapindikidwe a torque panjira yonse yoyendetsera injini.