Kodi dongosolo la camshaft yamagalimoto ndi chiyani?

Shaft kalunzanitsidwe

Dongosolo la nthawi yamavalo limasinthidwa nthawi zambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Njirayi idapangidwa kuti iziyang'anira magawo omwe amagawira gasi, kutengera momwe injini imagwirira ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi kumawonjezera mphamvu zama injini ndi makokedwe, kuwononga mafuta komanso kuchepa kwa mpweya woipa. Magawo osinthira magawidwe amafuta amaphatikizira. Kutsegula kapena kutseka nthawi ya valavu ndi kukweza kwa valve. Mwambiri, magawo awa ndi nthawi yotseka valavu. Kutalika kwa kukwapula ndi kutulutsa utsi, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi mbali yazungulira ya crankshaft yokhudzana ndi mfundo "zakufa". Gawo loyanjanitsa limatsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe a camshaft cam yomwe imagwira pa valavu.

Cam camshaft

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito ma valve zimafunikira ma valve osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa injini zochepa, nthawiyo iyenera kukhala yocheperako kapena gawo "locheperako". Nthawi yothamanga kwambiri, nthawi ya valavu iyenera kukhala yotakata momwe zingathere. Nthawi yomweyo, kutsimikizika kwa madoko olowera ndi kutulutsa utsi kumatsimikizika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukonzanso kwa mpweya wa utsi wachilengedwe. Camshaft cam ili ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo siyimatha kupereka nthawi yopingasa komanso yopingasa nthawi yomweyo. Mwachizolowezi, mawonekedwe amamera ndi mgwirizano pakati pa makokedwe othamanga kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayitali pamiyendo yayikulu. Kusiyanaku kumathetsedwa molondola ndi makina osinthira nthawi yama valve.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito njira yolumikizirana ndi camshaft

Kutengera magawo osintha nthawi, njira zotsatirazi zosinthira zimasiyana. Kusinthasintha kwa camshaft, pogwiritsa ntchito ma cam osiyanasiyana ndikusintha ma valve. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pothamanga magalimoto. Izi zimakulitsa mphamvu zamagalimoto kuchokera ku 30% mpaka 70%. Njira zowongolera ma valve ndizosinthasintha camshaft BMW VANOS, VVT-i. Kusintha kwakanthawi kwa ma valve ndi nzeru za Toyota; VVT. Kutalika kwa ma valve kosiyanasiyana ndi Volkswage VTC. Kusintha kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana kwa Honda; CVVT yochokera nthawi yayitali yochokera ku Hyundai, Kia, Volvo, General Motors; VCP, magawo amakamera osinthika ochokera ku Renault. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito machitidwewa imachokera pakusinthasintha kwa camshaft mozungulira kasinthidwe, chifukwa kutsegulira koyambirira kwa ma valve kumatheka poyerekeza ndi malo oyamba.

Zida zadongosolo lofananira

Kupanga kwa magawidwe amafuta amtunduwu akuphatikizira. Njira yolumikizirana ndi ma hydraulic yolumikizira. Chithunzi cha makina owongolera a nthawi yantchito ya valavu. Chowongolera chamagetsi, chomwe chimadziwika kuti switch yamagawo, chimayendetsa camshaft molunjika. Chowotcha chimakhala ndi rotor yolumikizidwa ku camshaft ndi nyumba. Zomwe zimasewera ndi camshaft drive pulley. Pakati pa ozungulira ndi nyumba pali zibowo, momwe mafuta amaperekera kudzera mumayendedwe. Kudzaza mafuta m'mimbamo kumatsimikizira kuti kasinthasintha kazungulira pozungulira nyumbayo ndi kasinthasintha kofananira kwa camshaft pamtunda wina. Ambiri mwa clutch hayidiroliki yakwera pa camshaft wambiri.

Zomwe njira yolumikizirana imapereka

Kukulitsa magawo owongolera mumapangidwe ena, zida zimayikidwa pamakina azakudya ndi kutulutsa camshafts. Dongosolo kulamulira amapereka kusintha basi kwa zowalamulira ndi ulamuliro hayidiroliki. Kapangidwe kake, kumaphatikizapo masensa olowetsera, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi othandizira. Dongosolo loyang'anira limagwiritsa ntchito masensa a Hall. Omwe amayesa momwe ma camshafts amakhalira, komanso masensa ena oyang'anira makina. Kuthamanga kwa injini, kutentha kozizira komanso mita yamagetsi. Gawo loyang'anira injini limalandira zizindikilo kuchokera ku masensa ndipo limapanga zoyendetsa sitima yapamtunda. Amatchedwanso zamagetsi vavu hayidiroliki. Wogulitsa ndi valavu yamagetsi ndipo amapereka mafuta ku clutch yamagetsi yamagetsi komanso kubwereketsa, kutengera momwe injini imagwirira ntchito.

Makina oyendetsera ma valve

Kusintha kwa nthawi yamagetsi kumapereka, monga lamulo, kugwira ntchito m'njira zotsatirazi: kusakhazikika (liwiro lochepa la crankshaft); mphamvu yayikulu; matalikidwe a makokedwe Mtundu wina wamagetsi wamagetsi wosinthika umadalira pakugwiritsa ntchito makamu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwakanthawi koyamba ndi kukweza kwa valavu. Machitidwe oterewa amadziwika: VTEC, control valve control ndi elevator elev control kuchokera ku Honda; VVTL-i, nthawi yamagetsi yosinthira komanso kukweza mwanzeru kuchokera ku Toyota; MIVEC, Mitsubishi Innovative gas system yochokera ku Mitsubishi; Dongosolo la Valvelift kuchokera ku Audi. Machitidwewa ndi chimodzimodzi kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo zake, kupatula dongosolo la Valvelift. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwamagetsi odziwika kwambiri a VTEC imaphatikizapo magulu amakanema osiyanasiyana komanso makina owongolera. Chithunzi cha dongosolo VTEC.

Mitundu ya camshaft cams

Camshaft ili ndi ma cams awiri ang'ono ndi amodzi akulu. Makamu ang'onoang'ono amalumikizidwa kudzera pamawoko olingana ndi ma valavu oyamwa. Nkhutu yayikuluyo imasuntha chombocho. Dongosolo loyang'anira limapereka kusintha kuchokera pamachitidwe ena kupita kwina. Poyambitsa makina otseka. Makina otsekera amayendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Pa liwiro la injini zochepa, kapena amatchedwanso otsika, mavavu olowera amayendetsedwa ndi zipinda zazing'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito valavu imadziwika ndi nthawi yochepa. Liwiro la injini likafika pamtengo winawake, makina oyendetsera amayendetsa makinawo. Ma rocker a cams ang'ono ndi akulu amalumikizidwa ndi pini yotsekera ndipo mphamvu imafalikira kumavavu olowera kuchokera ku cam yayikulu.

Kalunzanitsidwe dongosolo

Kusintha kwina kwa dongosolo la VTEC kuli ndi njira zitatu zowongolera. Zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito ya hump yaing'ono kapena kutsegula kwa valve yolowera pa injini yotsika. Makamera awiri ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma valve awiri olowetsa amatsegulidwa pa liwiro lapakati. Komanso hump wamkulu pa liwiro lalikulu. Makina amakono a Honda osintha nthawi ndi ma I-VTEC, omwe amaphatikiza machitidwe a VTEC ndi VTC. Kuphatikiza uku kumakulitsa kwambiri magawo owongolera injini. Makina apamwamba kwambiri owongolera ma valve potengera kapangidwe kake amachokera pakusintha kutalika kwa ma valve. Dongosololi limachotsa gasi pansi pamikhalidwe yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito injini. Mpainiya m'derali ndi BMW ndi makina ake a Valvetronic.

Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito camshaft

Mfundo yomweyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mawonekedwe ena: Toyota Valvematic, VEL, valavu yosinthira ndi dongosolo lokwezera kuchokera ku Nissan, Fiat MultiAir, VTI, valavu yosinthika ndi jakisoni kuchokera ku Peugeot. Chithunzi cha Valvetronic system. Mu dongosolo la Valvetronic, kusintha kwa kukweza kwa valve kumaperekedwa ndi chiwonetsero chazovuta. Momwe chozungulira chozungulira chozungulira chimakwaniritsidwira ndi shaft eccentric ndi lever wapakatikati. Shaft eccentric imasinthidwa ndi mota pogwiritsa ntchito zida za nyongolotsi. Kasinthasintha wa shaft eccentric amasintha mawonekedwe a lever apakatikati, omwe amatsimikizira kayendedwe kena ka rocker ndi mayendedwe ofanana a valavu. Kukweza kwa valve kumasinthidwa mosalekeza, kutengera momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito. Valvetronic imangokwera pamagetsi ovomerezeka.