Kodi sedan ndi chiyani, mitundu ndi makalasi amtundu wotchuka wamagalimoto
Zamkatimu
Ngati pali lingaliro la galimoto yapamwamba, ndiye kuti iyenera kukhala ndi thupi lamtundu wa sedan. Kukonzekera kotereku kukufalikira modabwitsa m'dziko lomwe limatengedwa kuti ndilo galimoto kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - United States, ndipo kuno ku Russia, kumene kuyendetsa galimoto kukukula, ngakhale mofulumira, koma posachedwapa.
Zinsinsi za kutchuka koteroko, mowona osati mtundu wopambana komanso wothandiza wa thupi, zimayenera kuganiziridwa mosamala.
Chifukwa chiyani galimotoyo imatchedwa sedan
Malinga ndi matembenuzidwe osiyanasiyana, mawuwa ali ndi mizu ya Chilatini kapena Chifalansa. Pachiyambi choyamba, kuyang'ana kwa thupi kwa anthu okwera kumatanthawuza, chifukwa muzu wa mawuwo umatanthauza "khala", lomwe liri consonant ngakhale mu Russian.
Ili linali dzina la machira onyamula anthu pamakokedwe amunthu, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri umanena za malo ochitirako zonyamula anthu mumzinda wa Sedan waku France.
Dzinali lazika mizu ndipo likugwiritsidwabe ntchito m'maiko ambiri, ngakhale pali mayina ena, Sedani kapena sedani. Palibe mgwirizano mu terminology.
Kusiyana pakati pa sedan ndi station wagon, hatchback ndi coupe
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka mu sedans ndi kukhalapo kwa thupi lodziwika bwino lamagulu atatu. Chipinda choyamba ndi chosungira magetsi, chachiwiri chimagwira ntchito ngati chipinda chokwera, ndipo chachitatu chimangoyang'ana katundu, womwe umalekanitsidwa ndi okwera ndi gawo losatheka.
Kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa ma sedan onyamula okwera kumatsimikizira zabwino zazikulu zamatupi ngati awa:
- kulekana kwa katundu ndi okwera ndi wandiweyani bulkhead kwambiri kumawonjezera chitonthozo chawo, phokoso ndi fungo kuchokera thunthu musalowe mu kanyumba;
- kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kanyumba kokha ndi mwayi wokhala ndi anthu okwera ndipo palibe china chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokonza bwino mkati ndikupereka microclimate yopatsidwa, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana, padera pa aliyense;
- ndikosavuta kupanga chimango cholimba cha thupi, chomwe chimakhala ndi phindu pakugwira;
- Chitetezo cha okwera chimatsimikiziridwa ndi madera ofunika kwambiri omwe amatengera mphamvu mu chipinda cha injini ndi thunthu.
Muyenera kulipira chitonthozo nthawi zonse, kotero palinso zovuta pamakonzedwe awa pokhudzana ndi mabungwe ena otchuka:
- Mahatchi ali ndi miyeso yaying'ono kuposa sedan, zomwe zidapangitsa kutchuka kwake m'matauni;
- Wagon ndi miyeso yofanana, imatha kunyamula katundu wochulukirapo chifukwa cha superstructure pamalo pomwe kuchuluka kwa sedan kumachepetsedwa ndi chivindikiro cha thunthu chomwe chili pansi pa zenera lakumbuyo;
- Banja ali ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya aerodynamic chifukwa cha zenera lakumbuyo lomwe lili ndi zinyalala zambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa thupi kufupi ndi mawonekedwe owongolera bwino;
- Matupi onse, kupatulapo sedan, ali ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri za kulemera kwake, nthawi zina mtheradi, ngati hatchback, nthawi zina zokhudzana ndi malipiro (wagon wagon), ndi m'gulu la masewera a masewera - pokhudzana ndi mphamvu zolemera.
Mwachiwonekere, ngolo yonyamula katundu ndi yodutsamo imasiyanitsidwa ndi ma voliyumu ake awiri komanso kukhalapo kwa zipilala zowonjezera zathupi zomwe zili ndi zitseko zam'mbali zofananira (pakhoza kukhala ziwiri kapena zinayi), hatchback ili ndi chiwombankhanga chachifupi chakumbuyo, ndipo onse awiri ali ndi khomo losamvetseka lakumbuyo, lomwe nthawi zina limatchedwa chivundikiro cha thunthu pofanizira ndi sedan , ngakhale kuti iyi ndi khomo lodzaza ndi glazing komanso zipangizo zowunikira.
Coupe nthawi zina imakhala yoyandikana kwambiri ndi sedan, makamaka yamasewera, koma nthawi zonse imasiyana padenga la thupi ndi zenera lakumbuyo, lomwe limakhala lotayirira kwambiri kumbuyo, komanso thunthu lotuluka pang'ono kapena kusakhalapo konse.
Kuchuluka kwa zitseko zam'mbali sikungakhale chizindikiro chokwanira; pali ma sedan a zitseko ziwiri ndi ma coupe a zitseko zinayi. Nthawi yomweyo, zamkati za coupe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zocheperako, palibe chitonthozo kwa okwera kumbuyo.
Mitundu ya sedans ndi mtundu wa thupi
Kugawika kwa sedans m'magulu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zina kumakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu, kuwonetseredwa ndikuwonetsa matupi pamzere wa chitsanzo chomwecho, magalimoto odziimira okha ndi malonda awo ndi mndandanda wamtengo wapatali, komanso zongopeka chabe, zosangalatsa kwa akatswiri a magalimoto ndi anthu omwe amawakonda. za.
tingachipeze powerenga
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, sedan yapamwamba ikhoza kukhala galimoto yomwe ilibe zolemba zowoneka bwino zamagulu atatu. Kukhalapo kwa chipinda chosungiramo katundu kumbuyo ndi chivindikiro chake ndikokwanira. Izi zitha kutsatiridwa ndi zofunikira za aerodynamics kapena mafashoni.
Zosintha
Mawuwa amachokera ku United States, ndipo, kunena mosapita m'mbali, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku sedan yapamwamba.
Izi zikutanthawuza kusweka kwa mbiri pakati pa zenera lakumbuyo lotsetsereka ndi chivundikiro cha thunthu chopingasa.
Ndiko kuti, notchback singakhale awiri-volume. Komabe, m’maiko ena lingalirolo silinakhazikike mizu, ngakhale likudziŵika.
Fastback
Muzu woyamba wa mawu awa umavumbulutsa tanthauzo lake, kufulumira kumatanthauza kufulumira ndi liwiro. Chifukwa chake chikhumbo cha thupi la misozi.
Kawirikawiri, chitsanzo chaperekedwa kwa zaka zambiri, koma galimoto ya Soviet Pobeda, yomwe ingatengedwe ngati sedan yachikale, koma ingakhale yolondola kwambiri kuitcha kuti fastback. Koma ndithudi Kupambana si notchback, chomwe chidzakhala chitsanzo chabwino cha kusiyana kwa kumvetsetsa zachikale pakati pa America ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
Hardtop
Thupi lochokera kumtunda wa magalimoto akuluakulu ndi okongola, likhoza kuonedwa ngati mtundu wa fastback, koma masewera ake anagogomezedwa ndi kusakhalapo kapena kubisala mosamala kwa B-zipilala. Choncho, mpweya wa silhouette ndi kufulumira kwa maonekedwe analengedwa. Izi zidathandizidwa ndi zitseko zopanda mafelemu.
Pazifukwa zachitetezo, izi sizinatenge nthawi yayitali, ndipo zolimba zidakhala zosowa. Thupi liyenera kukhala lolimba kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe kake kakhoza kutheka m'njira zina, monga kupenta ndi kupenta.
Long wheelbase sedan
Pali mitundu yonse yayitali yamagalimoto wamba, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma wheelbase awiri kapena atatu (mtunda pakati pa ma axle), komanso magalimoto opangidwa mwapadera.
Komanso, nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'matanthwe, omwe amamalizidwa kuchokera kumitundu yayikulu powonjezera zoyikapo m'matupi, ndi ma limousine, omwe sakhala ndi ma wheelbase afupi nthawi zonse.
Magalimoto onsewa amakhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu ya kanyumba, yomwe imapereka chitonthozo chapadera kwa okwera kumbuyo kapena amakhala ndi mizere yowonjezera. Mu ma limousine, amayika magawo kuchokera kwa dalaivala ndi okwera kutsogolo.
Zitseko ziwiri
Nthawi zambiri ma sedan okhala ndi zitseko ziwiri zam'mbali amatchedwa coupes. Koma pang'onopang'ono, coupeyo idasunthira kutali kwambiri ndi lingaliro lagalimoto yonyamula anthu ndikuyimilira m'kalasi lina. Choncho, ena a iwo ndi sedans, popanda kunamizira Gran Turismo kapena masewera.
Magalimoto oterowo samapangidwa konse, chifukwa ma coupe adasiya kukhala otsika mtengo amitundu iwiri ya sedans, koma, m'malo mwake, adawaposa pamtengo ndi kutchuka, atataya ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ma sedan a zitseko ziwiri adasowa kuchokera mndandanda waukulu.
Kubwerera kumbuyo
Ngati sedan ili ndi zenera lakumbuyo lakumbuyo, ndipo chivindikiro cha thunthu ndi chapamwamba, pamene chipindacho chimakhala chachifupi, ndiye kuti thupi loterolo limatchedwa liftback.
Nthawi zina zenera lakumbuyo limatseguka, zomwe zimapangitsa chisokonezo pa kusiyana pakati pa sedan ndi hatchback yotalikira.
coupe wa zitseko zinayi
Monga tanenera kale, coupe ikhoza kukhala ndi zitseko zinayi zam'mbali, koma ngakhale denga lotsetsereka kumbuyo ndi zenera lakumbuyo lotsetsereka, kukhalapo kwa chipinda chosungiramo katundu chokhala ndi chivundikiro chosiyana kumapangitsa kuti thupi loterolo likhale ndi sedans.
Mitundu ya sedans ndi kalasi
Chikhalidwe chilichonse chagalimoto chimakhala ndi gulu lake la magalimoto onyamula anthu potengera kukula kwake komanso gawo la msika. Kutalika kwa thupi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimakhala zomveka makamaka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sedans.
A-kalasi
Chifukwa cha kutalika kwaufupi, osapitirira mamita 3,8, ndizosatheka kupanga gulu lamagulu atatu m'kalasili, kupatulapo kuti opanga ena akummawa akuyesera kupanga zitsanzo zofanana pamisika ina.
Padziko lonse lapansi, makinawa sagulitsidwa ndipo sakudziwika kwa ogula.
Gulu la B
Kuwonjezeka kwa kutalika kwa mamita 4,4 kumalola kale kupanga sedan. Makamaka m'mayiko omwe mbiri ya mtundu uwu wa thupi ndi wotchuka. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi Lada Grant.
C-kalasi
Ma sedan odzaza ndi kutalika mpaka 4,6 metres amaperekedwa ndi opanga ambiri.
Ngakhale mu gawo umafunika, apa mungapeze ang'onoang'ono hatchback ofotokoza magalimoto Mercedes, ndi zitsanzo kwathunthu palokha monga Volkswagen Jetta.
D-kalasi
Ma sedans ambiri pamtengo wotsika mtengo, osakhala makalasi abizinesi, koma osakhalanso magalimoto osavuta.
Mwachitsanzo, BMW 3 mndandanda kapena Mercedes-Benz W205. Kalasiyo imatengedwa ngati banja komanso chilengedwe chonse, magalimoto akhoza kukhala bajeti kapena umafunika.
E-kalasi
Gulu lazamalonda molingana ndi gulu la ku Europe lomwe limadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Kutalika kumatha kufika mamita 5, magalimoto ndi omasuka komanso osatsika mtengo.
Pano mungathe kukumana ndi Lexus ES, Toyota Camry pafupi ndi izo, komanso E-class kuchokera ku Mercedes ndi BMW 5-mndandanda.
F-kalasi
Pamwamba pamagulu, magalimoto apamwamba komanso apamwamba. S-class Mercedes, BMW 7, Porsche Panamera ndi zina zotero.
Kwa makina oterowo, nthawi zina ngakhale mitundu yosiyana imapangidwa mwapadera mkati mwazovuta. Izi ndi zizindikiro za mzere, magalimoto apamwamba okwera mtengo kwa ochepa.
Ma sedan othamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi
Nthawi zambiri magalimoto otere amapangidwa chifukwa chofuna kutchuka, chifukwa palibe amene angawathamangitse.
Sizodabwitsa kuti panthawiyi galimoto yamagetsi ya Tesla Model S P100D yakhala yothamanga kwambiri. Masekondi a 2,7 mpaka zana mwachiwonekere sizokhudza chitonthozo, chomwe chili chofunikira kwa sedan.
N'chimodzimodzinso ndi magalimoto ndi ochiritsira mkati kuyaka injini. Mercedes-AMG, Porsche Panamera Turbo, BMW M760 - ngakhale popanda kufotokoza kusinthidwa, tinganene kuti zolozera khalidwe mu dzina zikutanthauza mphamvu ndi kutchuka.
Ndipo m'mipikisano yeniyeni, ma hatchbacks okwera bwino amapambana, makamaka ndi magudumu onse.
