Kodi fyuluta ya particulate ndi chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuidziwa

Magalimoto amathandizira kwambiri kuwononga chilengedwe. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ndi mpweya umene timapuma m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Kuwonjezeka kwa mavuto a chilengedwe kumatikakamiza kuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu kwambiri kuti tichotse mpweya wotuluka m'galimoto.

Choncho, kuyambira 2011, m'magalimoto akuthamanga pa mafuta dizilo, pamaso fyuluta particulate n'kofunika (nthawi zambiri mukhoza kupeza English chidule DPF - dizilo particulate fyuluta). Zoseferazi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta nthawi zina, ndiye ndikofunikira kukhala ndi lingaliro la izo.

Cholinga cha fyuluta ya particulate

Ngakhale apamwamba kwambiri mkati kuyaka injini sapereka zana peresenti kuyaka mafuta. Zotsatira zake, tikuyenera kuthana ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, womwe uli ndi zinthu zingapo zovulaza anthu komanso chilengedwe.

M'magalimoto okhala ndi injini yamafuta, chosinthira chothandizira chimakhala ndi udindo woyeretsa utsi. Ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa mpweya wa monoxide (mpweya wa monoxide), ma hydrocarbon osakhazikika omwe amathandizira kupanga utsi, mankhwala owopsa a nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina zoyaka mafuta.

Platinamu, palladium ndi rhodium nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati chothandizira mwachindunji. Zotsatira zake, potulutsa neutralizer, zinthu zapoizoni zimasanduka zopanda vuto - mpweya, nayitrogeni, mpweya woipa. Chosinthira chothandizira chimagwira ntchito bwino pa kutentha kwa 400-800 ° C. Kutentha kotereku kumaperekedwa pamene kumayikidwa mwachindunji kumbuyo kwa manifold otopetsa kapena kutsogolo kwa muffler.

Gawo la dizilo liri ndi mawonekedwe ake ogwirira ntchito, lili ndi ulamuliro wocheperako wa kutentha ndi mfundo yosiyana ya kuyatsa mafuta. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a mpweya wotulutsa amasiyananso. Chimodzi mwazopangidwa ndi kuyaka kosakwanira kwa mafuta a dizilo ndi mwaye, womwe umakhala ndi khansa.

Chosinthira chothandizira sichingakwanitse. Tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta mwaye wopezeka mumpweya sizisefedwa ndi dongosolo la kupuma la munthu. Akakoka mpweya, amaloŵa mosavuta m’mapapo ndi kukhazikika mmenemo. Pofuna kuteteza mwaye kulowa mumlengalenga m'magalimoto a dizilo, fyuluta ya diesel particulate (SF) imayikidwa.

Chothandizira injini ya dizilo (DOC - diesel oxidation catalyst) ili ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa fyuluta ya particulate kapena yophatikizidwamo.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya "mwaye"

Nthawi zambiri, fyulutayo ndi chipika cha ceramic chomwe chimayikidwa m'nyumba yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi masikweya kudzera munjira. Makanema ali otseguka mbali imodzi ndipo ali ndi pulagi yotsamira mbali inayo.Mipweya yotulutsa mpweya imadutsa mosapinganizidwa ndi makoma a ngalandezi, ndipo timadontho ta mwaye timakhazikika m'malo akhungu ndipo samalowa mumlengalenga. Kuonjezera apo, chinthu chothandizira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamakoma azitsulo a nyumbayo, omwe amatsitsimutsa ndi kusokoneza mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a hydrocarbon omwe ali mu utsi.

Zosefera zambiri zimakhalanso ndi masensa a kutentha, kuthamanga ndi mpweya wotsalira (lambda probe).

Kuyeretsa galimoto

Mwaye womwe umayikidwa pamakoma a fyulutayo umatseka pang'onopang'ono ndikulepheretsa kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Chotsatira chake, pali kuwonjezereka kowonjezereka muzitsulo zowonongeka ndipo mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati imatsika. Pamapeto pake, injini yoyaka mkati imatha kungoyima. Choncho, nkhani yofunika ndi kuonetsetsa kuyeretsedwa kwa SF.

Kuyeretsa mosadukiza kumachitika ndi mwaye wothira oxidizing ndi mpweya wotulutsa kutentha pafupifupi 500 ° C. Izi zimachitika zokha pamene galimoto ikuyenda.

Komabe, mikhalidwe yakumizinda imadziwika ndi kuyenda mtunda waufupi komanso kuchulukana kwa magalimoto pafupipafupi. Munjira iyi, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya sufika kutentha kokwanira, ndiye kuti mwaye udzawunjikana. Kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa anti-particulate zowonjezera pamafuta kungathandize pankhaniyi. Amathandizira kuyaka kwa mwaye pa kutentha kochepa - pafupifupi 300 ° C. Kuonjezera apo, zowonjezera zoterezi zimatha kuchepetsa mapangidwe a carbon deposits mu chipinda choyaka chamagetsi.

Makina ena ali ndi ntchito yokakamiza yokonzanso yomwe imayambika pamene chojambulira chosiyanitsa chimazindikira kusiyana kwakukulu kothamanga isanayambe komanso itatha fyuluta. Gawo lina lamafuta limayikidwa, lomwe limawotchedwa mu chosinthira chothandizira, ndikuwotcha SF mpaka kutentha kwa pafupifupi 600 ° C. Mwaye ukayaka ndipo kukanikiza kolowera ndi kutulutsa kwa fyuluta kumafanana, njirayi imasiya.

Opanga ena, mwachitsanzo, Peugeot, Citroen, Ford, Toyota, amagwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera chapadera chomwe chili ndi cerium kutenthetsa mwaye. Chowonjezeracho chimakhala mu chidebe chosiyana ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi chimalowetsedwa mu masilinda. Chifukwa cha izo, SF imatentha mpaka 700-900 ° C, ndipo mwaye pa kutentha uku kumayaka kwathunthu mumphindi zochepa. Njirayi ndi yodziwikiratu ndipo imachitika popanda kulowererapo kwa dalaivala.

Chifukwa chiyani kusinthika kungalephereke komanso momwe mungayeretsere pamanja

Zimachitika kuti kuyeretsa basi sikugwira ntchito. Zifukwa zitha kukhala izi:

• paulendo waufupi, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ulibe nthawi yotentha mpaka kutentha komwe kumafunikira;
• njira yokonzanso inasokonekera (mwachitsanzo, potseka injini yoyaka mkati);
• Kuwonongeka kwa imodzi mwa masensa, kukhudzana kosauka kapena mawaya osweka;
• pali mafuta pang'ono mu thanki kapena sensa ya mafuta imapereka kuwerengera kochepa, pamenepa kukonzanso sikudzayamba;
• Vavu yolakwika kapena yotsekeka yotulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (EGR).

Ngati mwaye wambiri wachuluka, mukhoza kuuchotsa pamanja pochapa.

Kuti tichite izi, fyuluta ya particulate iyenera kuthyoledwa, imodzi mwa mipope iyenera kutsekedwa, ndipo madzi otsekemera apadera ayenera kutsanuliridwa mwa ena. Siyani molunjika ndikugwedeza nthawi zina. Pambuyo pa maola 12, khetsa madziwo ndikutsuka sefayo ndi madzi othamanga. Ngati pali dzenje lowonera kapena kukweza, kugwetsa ndi kuyeretsa kutha kuchitika paokha. Koma ndi bwino kupita ku siteshoni yothandizira, komwe nthawi yomweyo adzayang'ana ndikusintha zinthu zolakwika.

Akatswiri ogwira ntchito amathanso kuwotcha mwaye womwe waunjikana pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Kuwotcha SF, chowotcha chamagetsi kapena microwave chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso njira yapadera ya jekeseni wamafuta.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa mwaye

Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa mwaye mapangidwe mu utsi ndi zoipa mafuta. Mafuta a dizilo otsika amatha kukhala ndi sulfure wambiri, zomwe sizimangoyambitsa mapangidwe a asidi ndi dzimbiri, komanso zimalepheretsa kuyaka kwathunthu kwamafuta. Choncho, ngati muwona kuti fyuluta ya particulate imakhala yakuda mofulumira kuposa nthawi zonse, ndipo kukakamizidwa kusinthika kumayamba nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu choyang'ana malo ena opangira mafuta.

Kusintha kolakwika kwa gawo la dizilo kumathandizanso kuchulukitsa kwa mwaye. Chotsatiracho chikhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa okosijeni mu mpweya wa mafuta osakaniza, omwe amapezeka m'madera ena a chipinda choyaka moto. Izi zidzayambitsa kuyaka kosakwanira komanso kupanga mwaye.

Moyo wautumiki ndikusintha fyuluta ya particulate

Monga mbali ina iliyonse ya galimoto, SF pang'onopang'ono imatha. Matrix a fyuluta akuyamba kusweka ndipo amataya mphamvu yake yokonzanso bwino. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, izi zimawonekera pambuyo pa makilomita pafupifupi 200 zikwi.

Ku Ukraine, zinthu zogwirira ntchito sizingaganizidwe kuti ndizabwinobwino, ndipo mafuta a dizilo sakhala pamlingo woyenera nthawi zonse, kotero ndizotheka kuwerengera 100-120 zikwi. Komano, zimachitika kuti ngakhale pambuyo makilomita zikwi 500, fyuluta particulate akadali ntchito.

Pamene SF, ngakhale kuyesayesa konse kwa kuyeretsa ndi kukonzanso, kumayamba kunyozeka momveka bwino, mudzawona kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati, kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta ndi kuwonjezereka kwa utsi wotuluka. Mulingo wamafuta a ICE ukhoza kukwera ndipo phokoso losawoneka bwino limatha kuwoneka pakugwira ntchito kwa ICE. Ndipo pa dashboard chenjezo lofanana lidzayatsa. Onse anafika. Yakwana nthawi yoti musinthe zosefera. Zosangalatsa ndizokwera mtengo. Mtengo - kuchokera ku madola masauzande angapo kuphatikiza unsembe. Ambiri sagwirizana ndi izi ndipo amakonda kungodula SF mu dongosolo.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani mukachotsa zosefera

Zina mwazabwino za yankho lotere:

• mudzachotsa chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa mutu;
• mafuta adzachepa, ngakhale osachuluka;
• mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati idzawonjezeka pang'ono;
• mudzasunga ndalama zokwanira (kuchotsa SF ku dongosolo ndikukonzanso zida zowongolera zamagetsi zimawononga pafupifupi $ 200).

Zotsatira zoyipa:

• ngati galimoto ili pansi pa chitsimikizo, mukhoza kuiwala za izo;
• kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wa mwaye mu utsi kudzawoneka ndi maso;
• popeza chosinthira chothandizira chiyeneranso kudulidwa, mpweya woipa wagalimoto yanu sudzakwanira mulingo uliwonse;
• mluzu wosasangalatsa wa turbine ungawonekere;
• Kuwongolera zachilengedwe sikudzakulolani kuwoloka malire a European Union;
• Kuwala kwa ECU kudzafunika, kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka pakugwira ntchito kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana agalimoto ngati pulogalamuyo ili ndi zolakwika kapena sizigwirizana kwathunthu ndi mtundu uwu. Zotsatira zake, kuchotsa vuto limodzi, mutha kupeza lina, kapenanso magulu atsopano.

Mwambiri, kusankha ndikosavuta. Ndikwabwino kugula ndikuyika zosefera zatsopano za dizilo ngati ndalama zilola. Ndipo ngati sichoncho, yesani kutsitsimutsa wakale, yesetsani kuwotcha mwaye m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndikutsuka ndi manja. Chabwino, siyani mwayi wochotsa thupi ngati njira yomaliza, pomwe zotheka zina zonse zatha.