Kodi mafuta a hydrocracked ndi chiyani

Zachilendo pamsika wamadzimadzi amgalimoto - mafuta a hydrocracking - adalandira kuwunika kosakanikirana pakati pa eni magalimoto. Ena amaona kuti mafuta awa ndi chitukuko chabwino kwambiri chamakono. Ena amatchera khutu ku mbali za kapangidwe ka nkhaniyo ndipo amalankhula zoipa ponena za izo. Musanayambe kutsimikiza komaliza, ndi bwino kumvetsetsa mafuta a hydrocracking - chomwe chiri, ubwino wake ndi kuipa kwake, komanso ngati kuli koyenera kusankha mafuta amtunduwu pagalimoto yanu.

Zamkatimu

• 1 Kodi mafuta a hydrocracked ndi chiyani
  • 1.1 Tekinoloje yopanga
  • 1.2 Basic katundu
  • 1.3 Ubwino ndi kuipa
• 2 HC kapena kupanga: zomwe mungasankhe komanso kusiyanitsa
  • 2.1 Kusintha kuchoka pakupanga kupita ku mafuta a hydrocracked
  • 2.2 Momwe mungasiyanitsire mafuta a hydrocracked ndi opangira
    • 2.2.1 Video: Mafuta a HC

Kodi mafuta a hydrocracked ndi chiyani

Hydrocracking ndi njira yoyeretsera mafuta oyambira kuti apange mafuta oyambira okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Tekinoloje ya HC synthesis idapangidwa ndi akatswiri azamankhwala aku America mu 1970s. Panthawi yokonza hydrocatalytic, tizigawo tamafuta "zoyipa" zimasinthidwa kukhala chakudya. Kusintha kwa "madzi amchere" wamba kukhala "synthetics" yamtundu wapamwamba kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi njira zama mankhwala. Kumbali imodzi, mafuta a HC amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta, monga mafuta amchere, ndipo mbali inayo, mawonekedwe a maselo a maziko amasintha kwambiri. Chifukwa zikuchokera kwathunthu amataya makhalidwe a mchere mafuta.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya hydrocracking

Tekinoloje yopanga

Kuti mupeze chithunzi chonse cha GK-mafuta adzalola kuphunzira zaukadaulo wopanga. Hydrocracking ndi njira yoyeretsera mafuta amchere amchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kubweretsa mawonekedwe a chinthu chomaliza pafupi ndi zopangira. Maziko a mafuta ndi mafuta, mawonekedwe a maselo omwe amasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera za mankhwala. Kuyeretsa kumakhala ndi magawo atatu:

1. Kuthira phula. Kuchotsedwa kwa parafini ku mafuta kumathandizira kuwonjezereka kwa kuzizira kwa zomwe zikupangidwira.
2. Hydrotreating. Panthawi imeneyi, zigawo za hydrocarbon zimakhala ndi haidrojeni ndipo zimasintha mawonekedwe awo. Mafuta amapeza kukana kwa oxidation njira.
3. Hydrocracking ndi kuchotsa sulfure ndi nitrogen mankhwala. Panthawi imeneyi ya kuyeretsedwa, mphetezo zimang'ambika, zomangira zimadzaza ndipo maunyolo a parafini amathyoledwa.

Kuyeretsedwa kwa magawo atatu kumakupatsani mwayi wochotsa mafuta osafunikira ndikupeza mawonekedwe amafuta omwe amasiyana ndi amchere amchere, opangidwa kapena opangidwa ndi semisynthetic. Chifukwa chake, opanga amayika mafuta a HC ngati gulu lapadera lamafuta.

Tekinoloje ya Hydrocracking

Pambuyo pakuyenga, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimalowetsedwa mumafuta kuti apatse mawonekedwe omaliza ndi kuthekera kwamafuta apamwamba kwambiri.

Basic katundu

Maziko a mafuta agalimoto amakhudza kukhuthala kwawo. Mafuta okhuthala kwambiri ndi amchere, a thinnest ndi opangidwa. Mafuta a Hydrocracking, pamodzi ndi semi-synthetic, ali pakatikati. Chodziwika bwino chamafuta awa ndikuti potengera ukadaulo wopanga ndi pafupi ndi mchere, komanso potengera zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala - kupanga.

Mafuta amtunduwu ali ndi mphamvu yamafuta amchere komanso opangira.

Maziko opangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa hydrocracking apanga zinthu zabwino poyerekeza ndi mchere. Ponena za chiyero, mafuta oterowo ali pafupi ndi zopangira, koma ali ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira! HC-kaphatikizidwe zimathandiza kupeza lubricant ndi index mamasukidwe akayendedwe mayunitsi 150, pamene lubricant mchere ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe mayunitsi 100 okha. Kuyambitsa zowonjezera kumabweretsa nyimbo za hydrocracking pafupi kwambiri ndi zopangira.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Kusungunula mafuta m'magawo angapo ndikuwonjezeredwa ndi zowonjezera kumapangitsa kuti madzi a HA akhale opaka mafuta apamwamba kwambiri. Ubwino wa mafuta awa ndi awa:

• Kugwira ntchito moyenera pansi pa makina kapena matenthedwe odzaza;
• Kuchepa kwaukali kwa elastomers;
• Kukana mapangidwe madipoziti;
• kukana ma deformation;
• Kukhuthala kwabwino kwambiri;
• Low coefficient ya kukangana;
• High kusungunuka kwa zowonjezera;
• Ubwenzi wa chilengedwe.

Mafuta a Hydrocracked ali ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake

Ndi zabwino zodziwikiratu, mafuta amtundu uwu ali ndi zovuta zingapo:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa evaporation;
• Chizoloŵezi choyambitsa kupangika kwa dzimbiri;
• Kukalamba mwachangu ndipo, chifukwa chake, kufunikira kosintha pafupipafupi.

Ngakhale pali zofooka zina, eni ake ambiri amalankhula zabwino za kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake. Pankhani ya khalidwe, ndizotsika pang'ono kokha kwa mafuta opangidwa ndi apamwamba kwambiri omwe ali ndi mtengo wapamwamba. Ubwino pa zopangira zofananira ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri.

HC kapena kupanga: zomwe mungasankhe komanso kusiyanitsa

Pamapeto pa kusintha kwa mankhwala a HA base, makhalidwe ake ali patsogolo kwambiri kuposa mafuta amchere, koma samafika pamlingo wa "synthetics" wapamwamba kwambiri. Lingaliro lalikulu la omwe amapanga mafuta atsopanowa ndikuyandikira kwa mitundu yopangira pomwe amachepetsa ndalama zopangira. Mwamwayi, kutsatira mosamalitsa njira zonse zaukadaulo kumatha kutsimikizira kulandila kwa chinthu chomwe sichimasiyana ndi chopangidwa. Komabe, zovuta zoterezi zidzakhudza nthawi yomweyo mtengo, kotero cholinga chake sichingakhale choyenera. Chifukwa chake, opanga amakonda "njira ya golide": palibe katundu wamafuta amchere muzinthu zatsopano, koma sizinapangidwebe.

Kusankhidwa kwa mafuta kuyenera kutengera zosowa za injini yagalimoto

Koma makampani opanga mankhwala sangathebe kupereka chilichonse chabwino kwa eni magalimoto. Synthetics ndi hydrocracking ali ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake:

1. Mafuta a Synthetic amalimbana ndi zochulukira zosaneneka, kuthamanga kwambiri, kulowa mumafuta osasokoneza. "Synthetics" imagwira ntchito kawiri ngati HA ndipo imapirira kutenthedwa.
2. Komabe, ponena za kukhazikika pakusintha kwa kutentha, hydrocracking ili ndi ubwino woonekeratu. Mankhwalawa amakhalabe mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa onse mkulu ndi abnormally otsika kutentha. Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda mantha m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe. Ndikokwanira kungosintha kapena kuwonjezera mafuta pafupipafupi kuposa "synthetics".
3. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito GK-mafuta, magawo oyambira injini ndi mawonekedwe a mphamvu yake amasintha. Zogulitsazo zimakhala ndi mafuta abwinoko poyerekeza ndi "synthetics". Komabe, analengeza katundu wa zina kutaya mwamsanga mokwanira, ndi lubricant mibadwo.

Ndikofunikira! Posankha lubricant injini, muyenera kuganizira makhalidwe a galimoto galimoto asonyezedwa buku malangizo. Ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito: m'madera ena, misewu imakhudza kuchuluka kwa mafuta, choncho sikoyenera kugula mankhwala okwera mtengo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kusintha kuchoka pakupanga kupita ku mafuta a hydrocracked

Ukadaulo wa njira yosinthira kuchokera kumafuta opangira kupita ku hydrocracked zimatengera zaka komanso momwe injiniyo ilili. Pa galimoto yakale, mutatha kukhetsa, ndi bwino kuchotsa poto ndikuchotsa dothi lonse ndi mwaye, zomwe palibe kutsekemera komwe kumathandiza kuchotsa.

Njira yosinthira mafuta ndi yosavuta komanso mkati mwa mphamvu ya mwini galimoto aliyense

M'magalimoto atsopano, ndikwanira kusintha mafuta awiri. Atatha kukhetsa ma synthetics, amadzaza hydrocracking ndikuyendetsa 200-300 km. Kenako gawo ili la mafuta limatsanulidwa ndikutsanulidwa latsopano.

Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti pamene akusintha kuchokera ku mafuta a kalasi yapamwamba kupita kumunsi, kusintha kosavuta kumakhala kokwanira, popanda kuthamanga ndi kudzaza.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire mafuta a hydrocracked ndi opangira

Ngati mwini galimotoyo wasankha mafuta a hydrocracking, angakhale ndi vuto kuti azindikire. Chitsogozo chokha cha ogula ambiri osadziwa ndizolemba zofananira pa phukusi. Ena opanga amasankha hydrocracking ndi chidule cha Chilatini HC. Koma nthawi zambiri palibe chizindikiro choterocho pa phukusi, kotero ogula ayenera kudziwa mbali zosiyana za mankhwala:

1. Mtengo Mtengo wopangira mankhwala a HA ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa "synthetics", kotero mtengo wa chinthu chomaliza ndi wotsika kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, mafutawa ndi okwera mtengo kangapo kuposa mafuta amchere.
2. Makhalidwe omwe ali ndi tanthauzo losamveka. American Petroleum Institute yafananiza mafuta opangidwa ndi hydrocracked ndi opangidwa, kotero opanga ambiri amabweretsa zosadziwika bwino pakutchulidwa kwa gulu lazogulitsa: samalemba "100% Synthetic" palemba, koma amalemba za kugwiritsa ntchito "ukadaulo wopangira". Ngati pali mawu ofanana kubanki, mafuta a HC ali patsogolo pa wogula.

Kuti musiyanitse mafuta a hydrocracking ndi opanga, muyenera kudziwa zina mwazofunikira

Zizindikirozi zimangowonetsa mosadziwika maziko omwe opanga amapanga. Ndizotheka kusiyanitsa kwenikweni hydrocracking kuchokera ku zopanga zokha mu labotale. Koma pali zizindikiro zingapo zoonekeratu zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha lubricant:

• Mawu akuti "Vollsynthetisches" ndi okwanira pamene mafuta amapangidwa ku Germany: apa lingaliro la mafuta opangira limafotokozedwa momveka bwino pamalamulo;
• Mafuta olembedwa 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W ndiwotheka kwambiri "hydrocracking" kapena "semi-synthetics";
• Mafuta a ZIC ndi pafupifupi mafuta onse oyambira amagalimoto aku Japan amangokhala ndi hydrocracked.

Video: Mafuta a HC

MAFUTA OGWIRITSA NTCHITO: CHOMENE ALI

Chifukwa cha chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi khalidwe, mafuta a hydrocracking akudziwika kwambiri. Akatswiri amalosera kuti ndikusintha kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wopanga, mafuta amtunduwu amatha kupitilira "synthetics" malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.