Kodi nsonga iwiri mu galimoto (chipangizo ndi mfundo ntchito)
Zamkatimu
Zinthu zotumizira zagalimoto iliyonse zimapangidwira kuti zitsimikizire kufalikira kwa torque ya injini kumawilo oyendetsa. Kumayambiriro kwa mafakitale a magalimoto, zipangizo zomwe zimapereka ntchitoyi sizinali zogwira mtima kwambiri chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa mapangidwe. Kusintha kwamakono kwa ma node operekedwa kunapangitsa kuti kunali kotheka kukwaniritsa kusintha kwa gear popanda kutaya mphamvu ndi makhalidwe amphamvu a galimoto.
Clutch imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakufalitsa torque. mfundo yovutayi inasintha kangapo isanakhale imene takhala tikuiona panopa.
Zambiri mwazotukuka zomwe zapezeka m'makampani oyendetsa magalimoto wamba zabwerekedwa ku magalimoto othamanga. Mmodzi wa iwo akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha otchedwa double clutch, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kufala kwapawiri-clutch ndi kufala kodziwikiratu ndi kufala kwamanja
Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa kuti chilengedwe chodabwitsachi cha uinjiniya ndi chiyani. Lingaliro lenileni la clutch iwiri limasonyeza kuti mapangidwe oterewa amapereka kukhalapo kwa zigawo ziwiri.
Momwemonso, mtundu uwu wa clutch umasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ma disks awiri othamangitsidwa, koma sizinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala zophweka monga momwe zingawonekere poyamba.
Makina amtunduwu amaphatikizidwa ndi ma gearbox a robotic. Pankhaniyi, tikulankhula za ma gearbox ophatikizidwa, omwe ali ndi udindo woyatsa liwiro linalake. Mmodzi ali ndi udindo wa magiya osamvetseka, winayo ndi magiya.
Mwina kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa ma gearbox awiri-clutch ndi ena onse ndi kukhalapo kwa zomwe zimatchedwa shaft iwiri. Kumbali ina, ndi gear block yofanana ya mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri.
Magiya omwe ali pamtengo wakunja wa zida zotere amalumikizana ndi magiya ngakhale magiya, ndipo magiya otchedwa shaft wamkati amalumikizana ndi magiya osamvetseka.
Kuwongolera kwa magawo otumizira omwe aperekedwa kumachitika chifukwa cha dongosolo la ma hydraulic drives ndi automation. Dziwani kuti mtundu woperekedwa wa gearbox, mosiyana ndi kufala kwa basi, suli ndi chosinthira makokedwe.
Pankhaniyi, ndi chizolowezi kulankhula za mitundu iwiri ya clutch: youma ndi yonyowa. Tikhala pa iwo mwatsatanetsatane pansipa m'malembawo.
Momwe ntchito
Podziwa mbali zina za mapangidwe a node yoperekedwa, tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa mfundo ya ntchito yake.
Ngati simukufufuza zaukadaulo, ndiye kuti algorithm yantchito imatha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo:
- Pambuyo poyambira kuyenda mu gear yoyamba, dongosololi limakonzekera kuphatikizidwa kwa lotsatira;
- Kufikira mphindi inayake yolingana ndi mawonekedwe othamanga omwe adakhazikitsidwa, clutch yoyamba imachotsedwa;
- Chiwombankhanga chachiwiri chikuyamba kugwira ntchito, ndikupereka chinkhoswe cha gear yachiwiri;
- Kusanthula njira yowonjezeretsa liwiro la injini, ma actuators omwe amatsatira malamulo omwe amachokera ku gawo lowongolera akukonzekera kuyatsa zida zachitatu.
Kuphatikizidwa kotsatira kwa liwiro kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo yomweyi. Dziwani kuti dongosolo la masensa omwe amaikidwa mu mawonekedwe a gearbox amakupatsani mwayi wofufuza magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo: kuthamanga kwa gudumu, malo a gearshift lever, kukakamiza kwa accelerator / brake pedal.
Kusanthula zomwe zalandilidwa, zosintha zokha ndikusankha njira yomwe ili yoyenera pazochitika zinazake.
Mwa zina, ndizoyenera kudziwa kuti pamaso pa dongosolo lotere, chopondapo cha clutch sichilipo. Kusankha zida ikuchitika basi, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, pamanja ntchito mabatani ulamuliro wokwera chiwongolero.
Njira yamakina
Kuti tidziwe bwino mfundo zomwe zaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane, m'pofunika kuphunzira chipangizo cha makina omwewo, omwe amatsimikizira kusuntha kwa gear.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse ya clutch, izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa ma node angapo apadera ndi zinthu.
Choncho, dongosolo ili lili ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zotsatirazi:
- mkangano chimbale phukusi;
- thupi ndi sump youma kapena mafuta;
- makina amagetsi.
Ngati mfundo ziwiri zoyambirira ndizodziwika bwino kwa oyendetsa galimoto, ndiye kuti lachitatu limapereka chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe sichikudziwika mpaka pano.
Chifukwa chake, mechatronics, iyi ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa clutch unit womwe umakupatsani mwayi wosinthira ma siginecha amagetsi kukhala ntchito yamakina yama unit actuating.
Ma mechatronics a galimoto yamakono, monga lamulo, amaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri: unit electromagnetic ndi control board.
Choyamba ndi ma valve a solenoid, otchedwa solenoids. Poyamba, m'malo mwa solenoids, njira zogawa ma hydraulic, zomwe zimatchedwa hydroblocks, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo, adasinthidwa ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Ganizirani zofunikira pazakudya zonyowa komanso zowuma.
"Kunyowa" kawiri
Ngati tikuchita ulendo wopita ku mbiri ya node yomwe ikufunsidwa, ndiye kuti "mtundu wonyowa" umatengedwa kuti ndi kholo lachiwiri.
Ndi magawo awiri a Ferodo discs omizidwa mu mafuta osamba m'nyumba za clutch.
Pankhaniyi, ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya "chonyowa clutch" malingana ndi mtundu wa galimoto galimoto. Chifukwa chake pamagalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo, clutch yokhala ndi ma disc a Ferodo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa eni magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo, mawonekedwe a chipangizochi amawonekera mu dongosolo lofananira la ma disks oyendetsedwa.
Zigawo zamitundu yonse ya "wet clutch" ndizofanana. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- flange yolowera;
- chachikulu flange;
- galimoto disk;
- phukusi la mikangano zimbale za dongosolo loyamba ndi lachiwiri;
- kasupe wa diaphragm, kasupe wothandizira;
- plunger;
- ma silinda a hydraulic;
- mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri.
"Dry" pawiri
Kuphatikiza pa clutch "yonyowa", palinso "clutch" yotchedwa "dry". Sizinganenedwe kuti ndizoipa kapena zabwino kuposa zam'mbuyomo. Pachifukwa ichi, zingakhale zoyenera kutsindika kuti aliyense wa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwira mtima pazochitika zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa iwo.
Mosiyana ndi mtundu wapitawo, mawonekedwe a clutch "youma" samaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Ma disks oyendetsedwa amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi ma shafts amtundu uliwonse wa gearbox.
Zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamakina otere ndi:
- masamba oyambira;
- kumasula mayendedwe;
- ma discs amphamvu;
- galimoto disk;
- ma disks awiri othandizira;
- ntchentche;
- zitsime za diaphragm.
Mapangidwe awa adapangidwa kuti azitumiza torque yocheperako (mosiyana ndi "yonyowa"), chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono.
Komabe, chifukwa chosowa kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito pampu yamafuta, yomwe imatsogolera kutayika kwa mphamvu, mphamvu yamtundu uwu wa clutch ndiyopambana kwambiri kuposa mitundu yomwe idaganiziridwa kale.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa wapawiri clutch
Monga gawo lina lililonse lagalimoto, clutch yapawiri imakhala ndi zabwino zingapo komanso zovuta zingapo. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zabwino.
Chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusintha kotere pamakina otumizira magalimoto kunapangitsa kuti zitheke:
- kuchepetsa kwambiri mafuta;
- magwiridwe antchito apamwamba;
- kuyenda kosalala;
- palibe kutaya mphamvu ya injini.
Ngakhale zabwino zazikuluzikulu za node yoperekedwa, pali zingapo zoyipa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- kuchepa kwambiri kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito;
- kukonza kochepa;
- kukonza zodula.
Mwinanso cholepheretsa china chofananira cha kufalitsa uku ndikuti ngati pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito pamsonkhanowo, kupitilira kwagalimoto kumakhala kosatheka.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati "kukankha" komweko kumakupatsani mwayi wopita ku utumiki ndikukonza nokha, ndiye kuti muyenera kudalira chithandizo cha galimoto.
Komabe, kupita patsogolo sikuyima ndipo opanga, poyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika pazitukuko zawo, amayambitsa zatsopano zosiyanasiyana pamapangidwe a "double clutch" mayunitsi, opangidwa kuti awonjezere zida zamakina ake ndikuwongolera kukhazikika.
