Zomwe zili bwino pamagalimoto anayi, kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo

Kuyendetsa m'galimoto ndikusuntha kwa torque kuchokera ku injini kupita ku gudumu lililonse, komwe kumakhala kuyendetsa. Choncho, magalimoto onse amayamba kukhala ndi khalidwe lofunika monga gudumu chilinganizo, pamene manambala woyamba amatanthauza chiwerengero cha mawilo, ndipo chachiwiri - chiwerengero cha oyendetsa.

Koma lingaliro ili silikuwonetsa chinthu china chofunikira cha chassis yamagalimoto, zomwe ma axles akutsogolera ndi drive-time drive, kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo? Ngakhale kuti magalimoto onse 4 × 4 kapena 6 × 6 zilibe kanthu.

Kodi magudumu anayi ndi chiyani, kusiyana kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo

Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake, choncho zimakhalapobe molingana. Kuchokera pamalingaliro amalingaliro, galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo kapena yakumbuyo imapezeka kuchokera ku magudumu onse mwa kungochotsa mbali zotumizira zomwe zimatumiza ku gudumu limodzi kapena gudumu lina. M'malo mwake, ukadaulo siwophweka kwambiri kukwaniritsa.

Chigawo chovomerezeka chagalimoto yoyendetsa magudumu onse ndi chotengera kapena chosinthira, chomwe chimagawira torque pama axles.

M'magalimoto a mono-drive sikofunikira, koma sangathe kuchotsedwa, razdatka imaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo lonse lamagetsi, kotero kuti galimoto yonse imayenera kukonzanso.

Mofanana ndi zosiyana, ngati kusinthidwa kwa magudumu onse kumawonjezedwa ku mzere wa poyamba, mwachitsanzo, magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo amtundu womwewo, izi zidzabweretsa mavuto aakulu.

Opanga ambiri samayesa ngakhale kuwonjezera mtundu wa 4 × 4 ku hatchbacks ndi ma sedans awo, kudziletsa okha pakuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo chapansi ndi zida za pulasitiki zosinthira.

Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pamakonzedwe onse. M'mbuyomu, zidayamba kale kuti m'magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu akutsogolo gawo lamagetsi lili pagawo la injini, bokosi la gearbox lili ndi ma shaft awiri okhala ndi ma velocity okhazikika (ma CV joints) kupita kumawilo akutsogolo, omwe amayendetsedwa nthawi imodzi ndikuwongoleredwa. .

Kwa gudumu lakumbuyo, m'malo mwake, injini yokhala ndi bokosi ili pamphepete mwagalimoto, kenako shaft imapita ku chitsulo chakumbuyo. Kuyendetsa magudumu anayi kumatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ovuta muzochitika zonsezi.

Chipangizo ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito

Kutumiza torque, gulu la zigawo ndi misonkhano yomwe imapanga kufalitsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zimaphatikizapo:

• gearbox (gearbox), yomwe imayang'anira kusintha kwa chiŵerengero chonse cha gear, ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero cha liwiro la shaft shaft ku liwiro la mawilo oyendetsa galimoto;
• kutumiza, kugawa torque mu chiŵerengero chopatsidwa (osati mofanana) pakati pa ma axles oyendetsa;
• magiya a cardan okhala ndi zolumikizira za CV kapena zolumikizira za Hooke (mitanda) zomwe zimatumiza kuzungulira patali pamakona osiyanasiyana;
• yendetsa ma axle gearbox, kuwonjezeranso kusintha liwiro la kuzungulira ndi komwe kumayendera ma torque;
• ma axle shafts olumikiza ma gearbox okhala ndi ma wheel hubs.

Kodi magalimoto anayi oyendetsa galimoto Niva Chevrolet bwanji?

Monga tanenera kale, zikuluzikulu ziwiri, khalidwe la transverse ndi longitudinal mphamvu mayunitsi, anaonekera pa okwana ziwembu.

1. Pachiyambi choyamba, chotengera chosinthira chimamangiriridwa kumbali ya gearbox, pomwe imatchedwanso gearbox ya angular. Pazifukwa za masanjidwe, tsinde la imodzi mwa mawilo akutsogolo limadutsamo, apa mphindi imachotsedwa ku chitsulo chakumbuyo ndi gear giya yokhala ndi zida za hypoid, zomwe kuzungulira kumatembenuza madigiri 90 ndikupita ku shaft ya cardan. galimoto.
2. Mlandu wachiwiri umadziwika ndi kuyika kwa chotengeracho pamzere womwewo ngati shaft yotulutsa gearbox. Mphepete mwa cardan kumawilo akumbuyo imakhala coaxially ndi shaft yolowera ya chotengera chosinthira, ndipo kutsogolo kumalumikizidwa kudzera mumayendedwe omwewo a cardan, koma ndi kutembenuka kwa 180-degree torque ndikusunthira pansi kapena mbali.

Razdatka ikhoza kukhala yophweka, kukhala ndi udindo wokhawokha pa nthawiyo, kapena zovuta, pamene ntchito zowonjezera zimayambitsidwamo kuti ziwonjezere luso la dziko kapena kuwongolera:

• demultiplier, ndiko kuti, kuchulukitsa kwa torque panjira;
• kusiyana kwapakati komwe kumagawa mphindi mu gawo lina;
• ma electromagnetic friction clutches omwe amagwira ntchito ngati ma actuators mu dongosolo lodziwongolera zokha za kuthekera kufalitsa;
• ma shafts otengera mphamvu ku zida zowonjezera.

Ma gearbox oyendetsa ma axle pamakina a 4 × 4 amathanso kukhala ovuta chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa masiyanidwe olamuliridwa kapena zingwe zamagetsi. Kufikira maloko okakamiza ndikuwongolera magudumu osiyana a ekisi imodzi.

Mitundu ya ma wheel drive

M'njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsa, ndizothandiza kwambiri kugawanso torque pakati pa mawilo kuti muwonjezeke bwino mbali imodzi, komanso kuthekera kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, kufalitsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kumakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri, kotero mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi magulu a makina amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera galimoto.

Zonse

Chomveka kwambiri chingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito magudumu onse nthawi zonse komanso m'misewu yonse. Izi zidzatsimikizira kulosera kwa zomwe zikuchitika komanso kukonzekera kosalekeza kwa makina pakusintha kulikonse. Koma izi ndizokwera mtengo, zimafuna ndalama zowonjezera zamafuta ndipo siziyenera nthawi zonse.

The tingachipeze powerenga chiwembu cha okhazikika onse gudumu pagalimoto (PPP) mu kuphweka ake onse ntchito pa okalamba Soviet galimoto Niva. Injini yotalikirapo, ndiye bokosi, chotengera chosinthira zida chimalumikizidwa nacho kudzera pamtengo waufupi wa cardan, pomwe ma shaft awiri amapita kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

Kuonetsetsa kuthekera kwa kuzungulira kwa mawilo akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo pa liwiro losiyana, komwe kuli kofunikira pamakona owuma pamakona, pali kusiyana kwaulere kwa interaxle pamilandu yosinthira, yomwe imatha kutsekedwa kuti mawilo awiri oyendetsa achoke. -pamsewu pamene ena awiriwo atsetsereka.

Palinso chowonjezera chomwe chimachulukitsa kuwirikiza kawiri ndikuchepetsa liwiro komweko, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri injini yofooka.

Nthawi zonse pamakhala torque pama gudumu oyendetsa mpaka imodzi mwazogulitsa. Uwu ndiye mwayi waukulu wamtunduwu wamtunduwu. Palibe chifukwa choganizira za kulimbikitsa kwake pamanja kapena kupanga makina ovuta.

Mwachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito PPP sikungokhala ku Niva imodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ambiri okwera mtengo. Kumene mtengo wa nkhani zilibe kanthu.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kufalitsa kumaperekedwa ndi unyinji wa mautumiki owonjezera apakompyuta, makamaka kuti apititse patsogolo kulamulira ndi mphamvu zowonjezera, ndondomekoyi imalola izi.

Zokhazikika (zanthawi zonse) kapena pulagi-mu (Gawo lanthawi) pagalimoto yamagudumu anayi: pali kusiyana kotani ndi komwe kuli bwino?

Magalimoto

Kulumikiza chitsulo cholumikizira chowonjezera ndi ma automation kuli ndi mitundu yambiri, ma ziwembu awiri enieni amatha kusiyanitsa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa BMW ndi zolipiritsa zina zambiri, ndi zowawara kumbuyo kwa gudumu lakumbuyo komwe kumadutsa ma crossovers ambiri.

Pachiyambi choyamba, chirichonse chimaperekedwa ku zokopa mu razdatka ndi galimoto yamagetsi. Kugwedeza kapena kusungunula clutch iyi yomwe ikugwira ntchito mumafuta, ndizotheka kusintha kagawidwe ka mphindi motsatira nkhwangwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri, poyambira ndi injini yamphamvu, mawilo akuluakulu akumbuyo akayamba kutsika, akutsogolo amalumikizidwa kuti awathandize. Palinso ma aligorivimu ena ogawanso, amakhala olimba pokumbukira mayunitsi owongolera omwe amawerenga zowerengera za masensa ambiri.

Mlandu wachiwiri ndi wofanana, koma mawilo akuluakulu ali kutsogolo, ndipo kumbuyo kwawo kumalumikizidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa kupyolera mu kugwirizana pakati pa cardan shaft ndi axle gearbox.

Clutch imatenthedwa mwachangu, koma sichikuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina muyenera kukankhira galimoto pang'onopang'ono kumbuyo kwa msewu woterera kapena movutikira. Umu ndi momwe zimapangidwira pafupifupi ma crossover onse mukusintha kwa 4 × 4.

Kukakamizidwa

Mtundu wosavuta komanso wotsika mtengo kwambiri wama gudumu onse, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto amtundu wa SUV omwe malo ake okhazikika amakhala osasunthika. Nkhwangwa yakumbuyo imakhala ngati chitsulo choyendetsa galimoto, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, dalaivala akhoza kuyatsa kutsogolo, mwamphamvu, popanda kusiyana.

Choncho, pamalo olimba, galimotoyo iyenera kukhala yoyendetsa kumbuyo, apo ayi kufalitsa kudzawonongeka. Koma makina oterowo ali ndi malire akulu achitetezo, ndi osavuta komanso otsika mtengo kukonza.

Ma pickups ambiri ochokera kunja ndi ma SUV ali ndi zosintha zotere, nthawi zina zodula komanso zovuta m'mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yosankha.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa 4WD (4x4)

Minus, kwenikweni, imodzi - mtengo wa nkhaniyi. Koma zikuwonekera paliponse:

• poyamba galimoto ndi zovuta, choncho ndi okwera mtengo pogula;
• nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kukonza, zida zambiri, kutsika kudalilika;
• chifukwa cha zigawo zina zozungulira, kuchuluka kwa mafuta;
• kulemera kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ndi mphamvu;
• kuwonjezereka kwa zovuta pamapangidwe a mayunitsi, zomwe zimawonekera muzovuta za kukonza.

Zina zonse ndizoyenera:

• kuthekera koyenera kudutsa dziko, mawilo onse amadzazidwa ndi torque;
• makinawo amawongoleredwa bwino chifukwa cha chowonjezera chowonjezera pa ekisi yoyendetsedwa;
• mayendedwe oyenda bwino m'misewu yoterera, matayala saterereka pafupipafupi;
• kugawanso kukankha kumachepetsa zofunikira za mphamvu ya magawo;
• mphira wa matayala amavala mofanana.

Zonsezi zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri magudumu onse pamakina amphamvu komanso okwera mtengo, pomwe kuwonjezera pamtengo sikuli kofunikira.

Momwe mungayendetsere galimoto yamagudumu anayi

Kuti muzindikire kuthekera konse kwa ma wheel drive, ndikofunikira kuphunzira mawonekedwe agalimoto inayake, kuti mumvetsetse momwe dongosolo lake lotumizira limagwirira ntchito.

1. Osagwiritsa ntchito plug-in-wheel drive popanda kusiyanitsa pakati pa asphalt, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kung'ambika komanso kung'ambika.
2. Kuyesera kuyendetsa pamisewu yoterera pamakona, nthawi zambiri magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu onse, makamaka omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwaulele kapena kusamutsa torque, amatha kuchita zinthu mosayembekezereka, kusintha machitidwe kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo ndi mosemphanitsa. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti mugwire ntchito ndi chopondapo cha gasi motsatana ndi njira yosiyana kwambiri, galimoto kuti iwonjezere kukopa imatha kupita ndi skid mkati mokhotakhota, kapena kuyamba kutsetsereka kutsogolo. Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito pakugwetsa skid kumbuyo kwa ekseli komwe kwayamba.
3. Kukhazikika kwabwino kwa 4 × 4 m'nyengo yozizira kumatha kutayika mwadzidzidzi kwa dalaivala. Muyenera kukonzekera izi, chifukwa magalimoto amtundu wa mono-drive nthawi zonse amachenjeza za kutayika kwaposachedwa.
4. Kuthekera kopambana kudutsa dziko sikuyenera kutsogoza kuyendera mosaganizira "zobisalira" zamatope kapena minda ya chipale chofewa. Kukhoza kutuluka mumikhalidwe yotere popanda thirakitala kumadalira kwambiri matayala osankhidwa kusiyana ndi luso la automation mu kufala.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mu njira yabwino yoyendetsera galimoto, galimoto yoyendetsa magudumu nthawi zonse ingathandize kupewa mavuto omwe ma monodrive angalowemo kale kwambiri. Osagwiritsa ntchito mopambanitsa.

Kodi magudumu anayi ndi chiyani, mitundu ya magudumu onse, AWD amasiyana bwanji ndi 4WD

M'tsogolomu, magalimoto onse adzalandira magudumu onse. Izi ndichifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi. Ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa chiwembu chokhala ndi mota yamagetsi pa gudumu lililonse komanso zamagetsi zamagetsi zapamwamba.

Magalimoto awa safunanso chidziwitso chaumisiri pamtundu wagalimoto. Dalaivala amangoyendetsa pedal yothamangitsira, galimoto idzachita zina zonse.