Kodi biodiesel yamagalimoto ndi chiyani?

Kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ndichimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zomwe chilengedwe chikuipitsidwa komanso zinthu zapadziko lapansi zikutha. Ngakhale pakukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi, zinthu sizikusintha pano. Vuto ndiloti ngakhale panthawi yopanga galimoto yamagetsi, kapena kunena molondola, za batire yake, zinthu zambiri zoyipa zimalowa mumlengalenga.

Kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya m'nyumba mwathu ndi ntchito yayikulu ya asayansi. Imawalimbikitsa kuti apange mafuta ena, omwe mawonekedwe awo amakwaniritsa zosowa za woyendetsa galimoto wapamwamba, koma nthawi yomweyo amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe. Pachifukwa ichi, mtundu wapadera wamafuta wamagalimoto udapangidwa - biodiesel.

Kodi itha kusintha m'malo mwa njira wamba ya dizilo? Tiyeni tiyesere kuzilingalira.

Kodi biodiesel ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ndi chinthu chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa mankhwala pakati pa mafuta ena a masamba ndi nyama. Pakukonzekera, makampani omwe amapanga mafuta otere amalandila mankhwala a methyl. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwake, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ether ngati njira ina yopangira mafuta a dizilo.

Popeza njira zonsezi zili ndi magawo ofanana oyaka, biofuels itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira injini ya dizilo wamba. Zachidziwikire, pakadali pano, magawo ambiri a chipangizocho adzatsika. Galimoto ya biofuel siyothandiza kwenikweni, koma mbali inayi, si driver onse omwe amachita nawo masewera othamanga. Izi ndizokwanira kuyenda koyenda, ndipo kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi 5-8% sikuwonekera ndikungoyenda mwakachetechete.

Ford Focus Flexi Fuel Vehicle - Galimoto Yoyamba ya Bioethanol yaku Britain. (UK) (03/22/2006)

Kupanga mafuta osinthira m'maiko ambiri kumapindulitsa kwambiri pakuwona zachuma kuposa kupangira kapena kugula mafuta.

Kodi biodiesel amapangidwa bwanji?

Kuti tipeze mafuta amtunduwu, dzikolo limatha kugwiritsa ntchito rapeseed, soya, mtedza, mpendadzuwa ndi mbewu zina zamafuta. Anthu ambiri zimawavuta kuzindikira izi ngati mafuta opangira biodiesel satengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya, koma kuchokera kuzomera zina. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona minda yayikulu yobzalidwa.

Njira yokhayo, yomwe imalola kupanga mafuta, ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo imachitika ndi akatswiri odziwa zamagetsi. Choyamba, mafuta amachokera ku zokolola. Kenako imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mowa wokhala ndi monohydric (nthawi zambiri methanol) pochita mankhwala ndikuthandizira chinthu chothandizira. Dongosololi limayambitsidwa potenthetsa zopangira mpaka madigiri makumi asanu Celsius.

Chifukwa, yogwira pophika - methyl efa ndi glycerin. Chigawo choyamba chimatsukidwa kuchokera ku zosafunika za methanol. Popanda kuyeretsa mankhwalawa, sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mu injini, chifukwa kuyaka kwake kumapangitsa kuti zigawo zonse zomwe zimagwira nawo ntchito yoyaka moto zizigwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuti mupeze biodiesel yoyera yoyenera kuthira mafuta galimoto, imatsukidwa ndi centrifugation ndi madzi ndi sorbent. Zomwe zili mumadzi ndizosavomerezeka, chifukwa zimalimbikitsa mawonekedwe a tizilombo m'madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, methyl ether yoyeretsedwa ndiyouma.

Hekitala imodzi ya malo ogwiriridwa amatulutsa mafuta okwanira tani. Zambiri mwazinthuzi zimapezeka kuchokera ku kanjedza yamafuta (ngati titenga mbewu zapansi) - mpaka malita 6 amafuta atha kupezeka pa hekitala imodzi yodzala. Komabe, mafutawa amangogulidwa pazitsulo zagolide, choncho kugwiriridwa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kukhumudwa pakukula kwa mbewu m'minda yoyenera tirigu ndi mbewu zina, mayiko ena akufesa malo omwe amatchedwa "osiyidwa". Popeza kugwiririra ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, chimatha kubzalidwa pomwe mbewu zina sizimera kapena m'malo okhala ndi masamba ochepa.

Kodi biodiesel imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ati?

Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa mafuta oyera sikuyimilira, ndipo pafupifupi mayiko onse ku Europe akuchita izi. Komabe, United States ikutsogolera pankhaniyi. Poyerekeza ndi kupanga kwapadziko lonse lapansi, gawo la dziko lino ndi pafupifupi 50%. Brazil ili m'malo achiwiri opanga onse - 22,5%.

Yotsatira ikubwera Germany - 4,8%, kenako Argentina - 3,8%, kenako France - 3%. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2010, kumwa biodiesel ndi mitundu ina ya biogas kunakwana madola 56,4 biliyoni. Patangopita zaka ziwiri, kutchuka kwa mafutawa kwawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiritsira ntchito padziko lonse kunaposa madola 95 biliyoni. Ndipo izi ndi zomwe zachitika mu 2010.

Nazi ziwerengero zina za 2018:

European Environmental Commission yakhazikitsa cholinga kuti opanga aziwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osinthira magalimoto. Kapamwamba kamene makampani amayenera kufika ndi osachepera 10 peresenti yamagalimoto onse akuyenera kuyendetsa mafuta.

Ubwino wa biodiesel

Chifukwa chomwe biodiesel imasamalidwira kwambiri ndi chifukwa cha kuyaka kwachilengedwe kosavuta. Kuphatikiza pa izi, mafuta ali ndi mfundo zingapo zabwino:

• Injini ya dizilo siisuta kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito;
• Utsi umakhala wocheperako CO₂;
• Ali ndi katundu wowonjezera mafuta;
• Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake, imakhala ndi fungo losiyana kwambiri ndi la mafuta;
• Osati poizoni, koma ikafika pansi, mawonekedwe ake amatha kwathunthu pakatha masiku 20;
• Kupanga kwa biofuel kumatha kupangidwa pafamu yaying'ono.

Zoyipa za biodiesel

Ngakhale biodiesel ikulonjeza, mtundu woyaka wa zinthuzi uli ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimapangitsa oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri kuzengereza kusinthana nawo:

• Kutsika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi pafupifupi 8%;
• Mphamvu yake imachepa ndikayamba chisanu;
• Mchere m'munsi amakhudza mbali zitsulo;
• Dothi labwino limapezeka (likagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzizira), lomwe limapangitsa kuti zosefera kapena ma injala amafuta asagwiritsidwe ntchito;
• Pakati pothira mafuta m'manja, muyenera kusamala, chifukwa mafuta amathanso kuwononga utoto mwachangu. Ngati madontho alowa, zotsalira zawo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala;
• Popeza zinthu zakuthupi zimawonongeka, imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri (yopitilira miyezi itatu).

Onaninso kanema wamfupi wazomwe zimachitika pakupanga biofuels:

Kupanga kwa biofuel. Pulogalamu ya sayansi # 18

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi biofuel zamagalimoto ndi chiyani? Ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwa kusakaniza bioethanol yopanda madzi (30-40 peresenti) ndi mafuta (60-70 peresenti) ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonongeka.

Kodi kuipa kwa biofuel ndi chiyani? Kupanga kokwera mtengo (dera lalikulu likufunika kuti pakhale zopangira), kutha msanga kwa nthaka komwe mbewu zamtengo wapatali zimatha kumera, kukwera mtengo kwamagetsi pakupangira bioethanol.

Kodi ma biofuel angawonjezedwe? Opanga magalimoto ambiri amangolola ma biofuel okhala ndi mowa wa 5%. Mowa uwu, malinga ndi zomwe zinachitikira mautumiki ambiri, sizivulaza galimoto.