Bwanji ngati…tikulimbana ndi matenda ndikugonjetsa imfa? Ndipo iwo anakhala moyo wautali, wautali, wosatha...

Malingana ndi katswiri wamtsogolo wotchuka Ray Kurzweil, kusafa kwaumunthu kuli kale pafupi. M’masomphenya ake a m’tsogolo, tingamwalire pangozi ya galimoto kapena kugwa pamwala, koma osati chifukwa cha ukalamba. Ochirikiza lingaliro limeneli amakhulupirira kuti moyo wosakhoza kufa, womvetsetsedwa mwanjira imeneyi, ukhoza kukhala weniweni m’zaka makumi anayi zikubwerazi.

Ngati zili choncho, ndiye kuti ziyenera kugwirizana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, shirimpi i bizinesi mu dziko. Mwachitsanzo, palibe ndondomeko ya penshoni padziko lonse imene ingadyetse munthu ngati wasiya kugwira ntchito ali ndi zaka 65 kenako n’kukhala ndi moyo zaka 500. Chabwino, momveka bwino, kugonjetsa kachitidwe kakang'ono ka moyo waumunthu sikungathe kutanthauza kupuma kwamuyaya. Muyeneranso kugwira ntchito mpaka kalekale.

Nthawi yomweyo pali vuto la mibadwo yotsatira. Pokhala ndi zinthu zopanda malire, mphamvu, ndi kupita patsogolo komwe kwafotokozedwa kwina m’magazini ino, n’zotheka kuti kuchulukana kwa anthu sikudzakhala vuto. Zikuwoneka kuti n'zomveka kuchoka pa Dziko Lapansi ndikulamulira danga, osati mosiyana ndi "kusafa", komanso pankhani yogonjetsa zopinga zina zomwe timalemba. Ngati moyo pa Dziko Lapansi ukanakhala wamuyaya, n'zovuta kulingalira kupitiriza kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Dziko lapansi likadasanduka gehena mwachangu kuposa momwe timaganizira.

Kodi moyo wosatha ndi wa anthu olemera okha?

Pali mantha kuti kukoma mtima koteroko ndi zenizeni, monga "moyo wosafa»Zimapezeka kwa gulu laling'ono, lolemera komanso lamwayi. Homo Deus lolembedwa ndi Yuval Noah Harari akupereka dziko momwe anthu, koma osati onse osankhika ochepa, atha kukhala ndi moyo wosafa kudzera mu sayansi ya sayansi ya zamoyo ndi uinjiniya wa majini. Kuneneratu kosadziwika bwino kwa "muyaya kwa osankhidwa osankhidwa" kungawonekere mu zoyesayesa zomwe mabiliyoni ambiri ndi makampani opanga sayansi ya sayansi ya zakuthambo akuthandizira ndi kufufuza njira ndi mankhwala kuti athetse ukalamba, kutalikitsa moyo wathanzi kwamuyaya. Ochirikiza phunziroli amanena kuti ngati takwanitsa kale kufutukula moyo wa ntchentche, nyongolotsi ndi mbewa mwa kusokoneza majini ndi kuchepetsa kudya kwa kalori, bwanji izi sizingagwire ntchito kwa anthu?

1. Nkhani ya magazini ya Time yonena za nkhondo ya Google yolimbana ndi imfa

Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2017, AgeX Therapeutics, kampani ya ku California ya biotechnology, ikufuna kuchepetsa ukalamba pogwiritsa ntchito umisiri wokhudzana ndi kusafa kwa maselo. Momwemonso, CohBar ikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochiritsira za DNA ya mitochondrial kuti iziwongolera magwiridwe antchito achilengedwe ndikuwongolera kufa kwa maselo. Oyambitsa Google Sergey Brin ndi Larry Page adayika ndalama zambiri ku Calico, kampani yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kumvetsetsa ndi kuthana ndi ukalamba. Magazini ya Time inafotokoza izi mu 2013 ndi nkhani yachikuto yomwe inati, "Kodi Google ingathetse Imfa?" (1).

M’malo mwake, n’zachionekere kuti ngakhale titapeza moyo wosafa, sizingakhale zotsika mtengo. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu amakonda Peter Thiel, woyambitsa PayPal ndi omwe anayambitsa Google, makampani othandizira omwe akufuna kulimbana ndi ukalamba. Kafukufuku m'derali amafuna ndalama zambiri. Silicon Valley ili ndi lingaliro la moyo wamuyaya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti moyo wosakhoza kufa, ngati ungapezeke, mwina ndi wa anthu ochepa chabe, chifukwa n’kutheka kuti anthu mabiliyoni ambiri, ngakhale atakhala kuti sakusunga okha, angafune kubweza ndalama zimene anaikapo.

Inde, amasamalanso za chifaniziro chawo, akukhazikitsa ma projekiti pansi pa mawu olimbana ndi matenda kwa onse. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Facebook Mark Zuckerberg ndi mkazi wake, dokotala wa ana Priscilla Chan, posachedwapa adalengeza kuti kudzera mu Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, akukonzekera kuyika $ XNUMX biliyoni pazaka khumi kuti athetsere chirichonse kuchokera ku Alzheimer's mpaka Zika.

Inde, kulimbana ndi matendawa kumatalikitsa moyo. Kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala ndi sayansi ya zamankhwala ndi njira ya "masitepe ang'onoang'ono" komanso kupita patsogolo kwanthawi yayitali. Pazaka zana zapitazi, pakukula kwakukulu kwa sayansi iyi, nthawi ya moyo wa munthu m'maiko akumadzulo yatalikirana pafupifupi zaka 50 mpaka 90. Osaleza mtima, osati mabiliyoni okha a Silicon Valley, sakhutira ndi izi. Choncho, kafukufuku akuchitika pa njira ina yopezera moyo wosatha, womwe umadziwika kuti "kusafa kwa digito", komwe m'matanthauzo osiyanasiyana amagwiranso ntchito ngati "umodzi" ndipo adaperekedwa ndi otchulidwa (2). Othandizira lingaliro ili amakhulupirira kuti m'tsogolomu kudzakhala kotheka kupanga mtundu wa ife tokha, womwe udzatha kupulumuka matupi athu akufa, mwachitsanzo, kulumikizana ndi okondedwa athu, mbadwa kudzera pakompyuta.

Mu 2011, Dmitry Ikov, wochita bizinesi waku Russia komanso mabiliyoniire, adayambitsa 2045 Initiative, yomwe cholinga chake ndi "kupanga matekinoloje omwe amalola kusamutsa umunthu wamunthu kupita kumalo osakhala achilengedwe komanso kutalikitsa moyo, kuphatikiza mpaka kusafa. .”

Kutopa kwa moyo wosafa

M’nkhani yake ya mu 1973 ya mutu wakuti “Mchitidwe wa Makropoulos: Kusinkhasinkha pa Kunyong’onyeka kwa Moyo Wosakhoza Kufa” (1973), wanthanthi Wachingelezi Bernard Williams analemba kuti moyo wosatha udzakhala wotopetsa ndi wowopsa mosaneneka pakapita kanthaŵi. Monga momwe ananenera, timafunikira chokumana nacho chatsopano kuti tikhale ndi chifukwa chopitirizira.

Nthawi yopanda malire idzatilola kukumana ndi chilichonse chomwe tikufuna. Ndiye, chotsatira ndi chiyani? Tikhoza kusiya zomwe Williams amatcha zilakolako za "categorical", ndiko kuti, zilakolako zomwe zimatipatsa chifukwa chokhalira ndi moyo, ndipo m'malo mwake, pangakhale zikhumbo "zokhazikika" zokha, zomwe tingafune kuchita ngati tili ndi moyo. koma osafunikira. yokhayo ndi yokwanira kutilimbikitsa kukhala ndi moyo.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndipitirizabe ndi moyo wanga, ndikufuna kuti dzino langa likhale lodzaza, koma sindikufuna kupitiriza kukhala ndi moyo kuti ndikhale ndi bowo lodzaza. Komabe, ndingafune kukhala ndi moyo kuti ndiwone kutha kwa buku lalikulu lomwe ndakhala ndikulemba zaka 25 zapitazi.

Choyamba ndi chikhumbo chokhazikika, chachiwiri ndi chamagulu.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndi "gawo", m'chinenero cha Williams, timazindikira zokhumba zathu, titalandira moyo wautali uliwonse. Moyo wopanda zilakolako zenizeni, Williams anatsutsa, ukhoza kutisintha kukhala zolengedwa zamasamba popanda cholinga chilichonse kapena chifukwa chopitirizira kukhala ndi moyo. Williams anatchula Elina Makropoulos, ngwazi ya opera yolembedwa ndi wolemba nyimbo waku Czech, Leos Janacek, monga chitsanzo. Elina anabadwa mu 1585 ndipo amamwa mankhwala omwe angamuthandize kukhala ndi moyo mpaka kalekale. Komabe, ali ndi zaka mazana atatu, Elina wakumana ndi zonse zomwe ankafuna, ndipo moyo wake ndi wozizira, wopanda kanthu komanso wotopetsa. Palibenso china chokhalira ndi moyo. Amasiya kumwa mankhwalawo, n’kudzimasula ku kunyong’onyeka kwa moyo wosakhoza kufa (3).

3. Chitsanzo cha nkhani ya Elina Makropoulos

Wafilosofi wina, Samuel Scheffler kuchokera ku yunivesite ya New York, adanena kuti moyo wa munthu umakhala wokhazikika chifukwa uli ndi nthawi yokhazikika. Chilichonse chomwe timachiyamikira ndipo chifukwa chake tingakhumbe m'moyo waumunthu chiyenera kuganizira mfundo yakuti ndife anthu a nthawi yochepa. N’zoona kuti tingathe kuyerekezera mmene moyo wosafa umakhalira. Koma zimabisa mfundo yaikulu yakuti chilichonse chimene anthu amachiyamikira n’chomveka chifukwa chakuti nthawi yathu ili ndi malire, zimene timasankha n’zochepa, ndipo aliyense wa ife ali ndi nthawi yakeyake.